================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018346 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=110 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 989.0 -2.1 -3.7 215.0 8.0 221.0 271.9 2.940 SIGT 985.0 -2.3 -4.9 220.0 8.7 253.2 272.0 2.696 SIGW 941.6 -4.8 -6.5 275.0 16.9 609.0 273.0 2.486 SIGT 930.0 -5.5 -7.0 278.5 18.3 707.2 273.3 2.431 MAND 925.0 -5.7 -7.6 280.0 18.8 749.6 273.5 2.333 SIGT 907.0 -6.7 -9.1 275.3 20.8 903.5 274.0 2.116 SIGW 905.8 -6.8 -9.2 275.0 21.0 914.0 274.0 2.109 SIGW 870.9 -8.8 -10.9 285.0 16.9 1219.0 275.0 1.918 MAND 850.0 -10.1 -11.9 295.0 16.9 1407.6 275.6 1.806 SIGT 825.0 -12.1 -12.9 295.0 18.5 1637.1 275.8 1.717 SIGW 804.4 -13.2 -14.1 295.0 19.8 1829.0 276.6 1.600 SIGW 772.8 -15.1 -15.9 300.0 21.0 2134.0 277.9 1.429 SIGT 755.0 -16.1 -17.0 297.1 26.2 2310.7 278.6 1.336 SIGT 748.0 -13.5 -15.3 295.9 28.2 2381.3 282.1 1.555 SIGW 742.4 -13.5 -16.8 295.0 29.9 2439.0 282.8 1.381 SIGT 742.0 -13.5 -16.9 294.9 29.9 2442.6 282.8 1.371 SIGT 724.0 -14.5 -18.7 291.9 28.0 2629.2 283.7 1.207 SIGT 716.0 -14.9 -18.7 290.5 27.1 2713.4 284.2 1.220 SIGW 713.2 -14.8 -17.6 290.0 26.8 2743.0 284.6 1.341 SIGT 710.0 -14.7 -16.4 291.2 26.6 2777.2 285.1 1.495 MAND 700.0 -15.5 -16.9 295.0 25.8 2884.5 285.3 1.454 SIGT 699.0 -15.5 -16.9 295.1 25.9 2895.3 285.4 1.456 SIGT 693.0 -16.3 -19.9 296.0 26.3 2960.4 285.3 1.137 SIGT 683.0 -16.7 -19.7 297.4 27.0 3069.7 286.0 1.174 SIGT 670.0 -18.3 -27.3 299.3 28.0 3213.8 285.8 0.609 SIGW 630.8 -21.2 -31.4 305.0 30.9 3658.0 287.5 0.439 SIGW 580.7 -25.2 -37.1 295.0 28.0 4268.0 289.7 0.273 SIGT 579.0 -25.3 -37.3 295.0 28.1 4289.1 289.8 0.269 SIGT 567.0 -25.9 -31.9 295.0 29.4 4441.1 290.8 0.467 SIGT 556.0 -27.1 -37.1 295.0 30.5 4582.7 291.0 0.286 SIGW 533.5 -29.1 -40.3 295.0 32.8 4878.0 292.1 0.213 SIGT 519.0 -30.5 -42.5 295.0 35.4 5075.8 292.7 0.174 MAND 500.0 -31.7 -47.7 295.0 38.9 5340.4 294.4 0.102 SIGT 494.0 -32.1 -49.1 295.6 38.9 5425.7 294.9 0.089 SIGT 464.0 -33.7 -55.7 298.5 38.9 5866.8 298.3 0.048 SIGW 449.0 -34.2 -57.3 300.0 38.9 6097.0 300.4 0.043 SIGT 436.0 -34.7 -58.7 298.7 40.4 6302.6 302.4 0.038 MAND 400.0 -37.9 -59.9 295.0 44.9 6900.7 305.7 0.035 SIGW 376.3 -40.5 -63.4 295.0 50.9 7317.0 307.7 ----- SIGW 359.8 -42.4 -66.0 300.0 46.8 7621.0 309.1 ----- SIGT 349.0 -43.7 -67.7 299.1 47.8 7829.3 310.1 ----- SIGT 325.0 -45.5 -68.5 297.2 50.2 8306.4 314.0 ----- MAND 300.0 -48.5 -69.5 295.0 52.8 8836.8 317.0 ----- SIGT 299.0 -48.5 -69.5 295.0 52.7 8858.8 317.3 ----- SIGW 286.2 -49.3 -71.9 295.0 50.9 9146.0 320.1 ----- TRO1 275.0 -50.1 -74.1 295.0 47.8 9407.6 322.7 ----- SIGW 273.2 -50.1 -74.1 295.0 47.8 9451.0 323.3 ----- SIGT 263.0 -50.3 -74.3 299.1 57.6 9699.0 326.5 ----- SIGW 260.7 -49.9 -74.3 300.0 59.8 9756.0 327.9 ----- SIGT 257.0 -49.3 -74.3 298.3 56.1 9850.1 330.2 ----- MAND 250.0 -49.9 -75.9 295.0 49.0 10031.0 331.9 ----- SIGT 238.0 -50.5 -76.5 295.0 44.1 10352.3 335.7 ----- SIGW 237.5 -50.5 -76.6 295.0 43.9 10365.0 335.9 ----- SIGT 234.0 -50.1 -77.1 295.0 47.0 10463.0 337.9 ----- SIGT 228.0 -51.1 -78.1 295.0 52.2 10632.4 338.9 ----- SIGT 226.0 -50.5 -78.5 295.0 54.0 10689.8 340.7 ----- SIGT 218.0 -52.1 -79.1 295.0 61.3 10924.1 341.8 ----- SIGW 216.3 -52.0 -79.0 295.0 62.9 10975.0 342.6 ----- MAXW 216.0 -52.0 -79.0 295.0 62.9 10983.8 342.8 ----- SIGT 213.0 -51.9 -78.9 294.1 60.9 11074.4 344.3 ----- SIGT 205.0 -53.1 -80.1 291.6 55.4 11321.9 346.2 ----- MAND 200.0 -52.3 -80.3 290.0 51.9 11481.4 350.0 ----- SIGT 197.0 -51.1 -81.1 290.0 51.0 11579.5 353.4 ----- SIGT 193.0 -50.9 -80.9 290.0 49.8 11713.0 355.8 ----- SIGT 185.0 -52.1 -83.1 290.0 47.3 11988.0 358.2 ----- SIGT 178.0 -50.7 -81.7 290.0 45.0 12238.6 364.4 ----- SIGW 163.1 -53.6 -84.1 290.0 39.8 12804.0 368.7 ----- SIGT 158.0 -54.7 -84.7 279.9 43.2 13008.5 370.3 ----- SIGW 155.5 -54.7 -84.7 275.0 44.9 13109.0 372.0 ----- MAND 150.0 -54.7 -84.8 280.0 44.9 13341.1 375.8 ----- SIGW 148.3 -54.8 -84.8 290.0 43.9 13414.0 376.9 ----- SIGT 146.0 -54.9 -84.9 289.5 44.5 13514.0 378.4 ----- SIGT 138.0 -53.9 -84.9 287.5 46.4 13875.2 386.3 ----- SIGT 131.0 -55.5 ----- 285.7 48.3 14208.4 389.3 ----- SIGW 128.6 -55.0 ----- 285.0 49.0 14329.0 392.2 ----- SIGT 125.0 -54.3 ----- 270.3 44.8 14508.2 396.7 ----- SIGW 122.6 -54.5 ----- 260.0 42.0 14634.0 398.6 ----- SIGT 118.0 -54.9 ----- 272.0 47.5 14877.3 402.2 ----- SIGW 116.9 -54.7 ----- 275.0 49.0 14939.0 403.6 ----- SIGT 113.0 -54.1 ----- 276.1 45.3 15154.7 408.7 ----- SIGT 105.0 -54.5 ----- 278.4 37.2 15625.5 416.6 ----- SIGT 103.0 -53.9 ----- 279.1 35.1 15748.9 420.0 ----- MAND 100.0 -54.7 ----- 280.0 31.9 15938.5 422.1 ----- SIGT 92.1 -57.1 ----- 273.1 37.9 16462.3 427.4 ----- SIGW 83.7 -56.0 ----- 265.0 44.9 17073.0 441.5 ----- SIGT 81.3 -55.7 ----- 271.0 44.3 17254.5 445.8 ----- SIGW 76.0 -56.8 ----- 285.0 42.9 17682.0 452.2 ----- MAND 70.0 -58.1 ----- 275.0 37.9 18202.7 460.1 ----- SIGW 65.7 -59.6 ----- 290.0 29.9 18597.0 465.2 ----- SIGT 63.9 -60.3 ----- 284.2 38.6 18774.3 467.4 ----- SIGW 62.6 -60.1 ----- 280.0 44.9 18902.0 470.6 ----- SIGT 62.4 -60.1 ----- 281.0 44.1 18922.5 471.1 ----- SIGT 61.5 -58.3 ----- 285.5 40.8 19013.6 477.0 ----- SIGW 59.6 -58.5 ----- 295.0 33.8 19207.0 480.8 ----- SIGW 56.8 -58.8 ----- 275.0 28.0 19512.0 486.8 ----- SIGT 52.9 -59.3 ----- 280.6 32.4 19959.7 495.7 ----- MAND 50.0 -60.5 ----- 285.0 35.9 20312.0 500.9 ----- SIGT 45.8 -62.3 ----- 292.5 37.4 20856.4 509.3 ----- SIGW 44.5 -61.7 ----- 295.0 37.9 21036.0 515.1 ----- SIGW 42.4 -60.6 ----- 305.0 25.8 21341.0 525.0 ----- SIGT 38.6 -58.5 ----- 288.3 24.9 21922.6 544.5 ----- SIGW 34.9 -60.7 ----- 270.0 23.9 22560.0 555.0 ----- SIGW 33.2 -61.7 ----- 290.0 28.9 22865.0 560.0 ----- SIGT 32.9 -61.9 ----- 288.2 29.1 22919.6 560.9 ----- SIGW 31.6 -61.9 ----- 280.0 29.9 23170.0 567.4 ----- SIGW 30.1 -61.9 ----- 300.0 35.0 23475.0 575.5 ----- MAND 30.0 -61.9 ----- 290.0 35.0 23490.7 575.9 ----- SIGW 25.9 -62.4 ----- 300.0 43.9 24390.0 598.9 ----- SIGW 21.3 -63.1 ----- 300.0 42.9 25609.0 631.6 ----- SIGT 20.4 -63.3 ----- ----- ----- 25870.0 638.8 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 12 Dec 2018346 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -7.0 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 273.1 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 279.4 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.4 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 908 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -7.4 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 908 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 2.5 C K Index (KI) = 8.3 Lifted Index (LI) = 12.8 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 72.7 Showalter Index (ShI) = 11.8 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 41.4 Precipitable Water (PW) = 6.4 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -26 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 283 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -2887 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 314 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 325 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done