================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018082 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS= 96
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 995.0 -3.7 -5.5 230.0 5.8 221.0 269.8 2.549
SIGT 982.0 -3.9 -6.2 252.8 8.8 325.0 270.7 2.448
SIGT 955.0 -4.5 -8.4 301.0 15.1 545.0 272.2 2.123
SIGT 948.0 -4.1 -13.1 313.7 16.7 603.0 273.2 1.469
SIGW 947.3 -4.1 -13.2 315.0 16.9 609.0 273.3 1.459
SIGT 942.0 -3.9 -13.9 316.2 16.7 653.1 273.9 1.385
MAND 925.0 -4.9 -14.9 320.0 15.9 796.6 274.3 1.299
SIGW 911.2 -5.9 -14.9 330.0 18.8 914.0 274.5 1.315
SIGW 876.2 -8.5 -15.0 320.0 21.0 1219.0 274.8 1.356
SIGT 856.0 -10.1 -15.1 316.1 21.0 1400.6 275.0 1.381
MAND 850.0 -10.5 -15.5 315.0 21.0 1454.8 275.2 1.345
SIGT 814.0 -12.9 -17.8 306.1 23.6 1786.6 276.0 1.158
SIGT 810.0 -12.9 -18.9 305.1 23.9 1824.1 276.4 1.060
SIGW 809.5 -12.8 -19.2 305.0 23.9 1829.0 276.5 1.031
SIGT 802.0 -12.1 -24.1 306.2 23.7 1900.0 278.1 0.679
SIGT 793.0 -12.3 -21.3 307.6 23.4 1986.3 278.8 0.880
SIGT 784.0 -12.7 -16.5 309.0 23.1 2073.5 279.2 1.342
SIGW 777.8 -13.1 -16.0 310.0 22.9 2134.0 279.5 1.414
SIGT 777.0 -13.1 -15.9 310.3 22.9 2142.0 279.5 1.424
SIGT 752.0 -14.1 -21.1 318.4 21.3 2390.9 281.1 0.944
SIGW 747.2 -14.3 -21.0 320.0 21.0 2439.0 281.3 0.956
SIGT 722.0 -15.7 -20.7 320.0 17.5 2699.1 282.6 1.018
SIGW 717.8 -15.9 -25.1 320.0 16.9 2743.0 282.9 0.697
SIGT 713.0 -16.1 -30.1 321.3 15.8 2793.7 283.2 0.441
SIGT 706.0 -16.3 -32.3 323.3 14.2 2868.0 283.8 0.361
SIGT 702.0 -16.5 -31.5 324.4 13.3 2910.8 284.0 0.392
MAND 700.0 -16.5 -28.5 325.0 12.8 2932.3 284.2 0.521
SIGT 697.0 -16.5 -24.5 326.4 12.8 2964.6 284.6 0.754
SIGT 694.0 -16.7 -23.7 327.8 12.8 2997.0 284.7 0.814
SIGW 689.3 -17.0 -24.0 330.0 12.8 3048.0 284.9 0.798
SIGT 660.0 -18.9 -25.9 311.4 8.1 3373.0 286.3 0.702
SIGT 640.0 -20.3 -28.3 298.2 4.7 3601.7 287.3 0.581
SIGW 635.1 -20.8 -28.5 295.0 3.9 3658.0 287.3 0.573
SIGT 606.0 -23.9 -29.9 289.3 8.9 4003.4 287.7 0.528
SIGW 584.4 -25.3 -32.1 285.0 12.8 4268.0 289.0 0.447
SIGT 578.0 -25.7 -32.7 282.4 13.0 4347.8 289.5 0.424
SIGW 536.8 -29.2 -36.2 265.0 14.0 4878.0 291.5 0.324
SIGT 520.0 -30.7 -37.7 267.3 14.4 5106.9 292.3 0.287
MAND 500.0 -32.9 -39.9 270.0 15.0 5384.3 292.9 0.238
SIGW 450.9 -38.2 -47.3 270.0 16.9 6097.0 295.1 0.118
SIGW 412.7 -42.8 -53.6 270.0 15.0 6707.0 296.8 0.068
SIGT 410.0 -43.1 -54.1 268.9 15.2 6751.8 296.9 0.065
MAND 400.0 -43.9 -55.9 265.0 15.9 6917.9 297.9 0.055
SIGT 375.0 -46.1 -62.1 252.7 17.1 7349.4 300.6 0.031
SIGT 368.0 -45.3 -62.3 249.2 17.5 7475.0 303.3 0.031
SIGW 360.0 -45.5 -65.1 245.0 17.9 7621.0 304.9 -----
SIGT 344.0 -45.9 -70.9 252.5 18.9 7924.7 308.4 -----
MAND 300.0 -49.3 -72.3 275.0 22.0 8829.1 315.9 -----
TRO1 296.0 -49.7 -72.7 280.0 22.9 8917.1 316.5 -----
SIGW 285.9 -48.8 -72.8 290.0 24.9 9146.0 320.9 -----
SIGT 275.0 -47.9 -72.9 294.3 25.4 9400.9 325.9 -----
MAND 250.0 -47.1 -77.1 305.0 26.8 10031.0 336.1 -----
SIGW 248.9 -47.0 -77.2 310.0 22.9 10060.0 336.6 -----
SIGT 245.0 -46.7 -77.7 308.5 23.4 10165.0 338.6 -----
SIGT 230.0 -46.7 -81.7 302.8 25.1 10584.2 344.8 -----
SIGT 214.0 -48.7 -82.7 296.2 27.1 11060.5 348.9 -----
SIGT 204.0 -48.1 -82.1 291.8 28.4 11375.6 354.6 -----
SIGT 201.0 -48.7 -82.7 290.5 28.8 11473.2 355.2 -----
MAND 200.0 -48.7 -82.7 290.0 28.9 11506.0 355.7 -----
SIGW 197.6 -48.7 -82.7 290.0 26.8 11585.0 356.9 -----
SIGW 188.7 -48.7 -82.7 305.0 35.0 11890.0 361.7 -----
SIGT 188.0 -48.7 -82.7 304.6 35.1 11912.9 362.0 -----
SIGW 171.9 -49.9 -83.9 295.0 38.9 12500.0 369.5 -----
SIGT 166.0 -50.3 -84.3 293.7 37.1 12728.5 372.5 -----
SIGT 162.0 -48.7 -82.7 292.8 35.8 12888.4 377.8 -----
SIGT 153.0 -48.1 -82.1 290.7 32.9 13264.8 385.0 -----
MAND 150.0 -48.7 -82.7 290.0 31.9 13395.2 386.2 -----
SIGT 144.0 -49.7 -83.7 289.5 31.1 13663.1 389.0 -----
SIGT 131.0 -49.7 -83.7 288.3 29.5 14282.6 399.6 -----
SIGT 115.0 -52.1 -85.1 286.7 27.3 15130.9 410.3 -----
SIGT 110.0 -51.5 -84.5 286.2 26.5 15419.2 416.7 -----
SIGT 103.0 -53.1 -84.8 285.4 25.4 15844.7 421.6 -----
MAND 100.0 -54.7 -84.9 285.0 24.9 16034.6 422.1 -----
SIGT 83.3 -52.7 -84.9 282.4 23.4 17209.5 448.8 -----
SIGT 74.0 -55.5 -84.9 280.8 22.4 17969.3 458.3 -----
MAND 70.0 -54.9 -84.9 280.0 22.0 18324.2 467.0 -----
SIGT 65.5 -55.7 -84.9 274.1 21.1 18748.3 474.2 -----
SIGT 61.9 -54.3 -84.9 269.0 20.5 19109.7 485.0 -----
SIGT 57.9 -57.3 -84.9 263.1 19.6 19535.1 487.6 -----
MAND 50.0 -54.9 -84.9 250.0 17.9 20468.1 514.1 -----
SIGT 43.9 -59.5 -84.9 250.0 16.6 21291.4 522.4 -----
SIGT 41.5 -56.7 -84.9 250.0 16.0 21645.6 537.8 -----
SIGT 40.2 -57.9 -84.9 250.0 15.7 21846.9 539.7 -----
SIGT 36.0 -55.9 -84.9 250.0 14.6 22546.1 562.2 -----
SIGT 33.8 -56.9 -84.9 250.0 14.0 22946.6 569.8 -----
SIGT 32.8 -54.7 -84.9 250.0 13.7 23137.9 580.5 -----
SIGT 31.3 -56.3 -84.9 250.0 13.2 23436.4 584.1 -----
MAND 30.0 -55.3 -84.9 250.0 12.8 23706.6 593.9 -----
SIGT 28.4 -53.5 -84.9 249.3 13.1 24057.9 608.3 -----
SIGT 22.9 -57.1 -84.9 246.7 14.2 25431.9 636.3 -----
SIGT 21.0 -54.3 -84.9 245.6 14.7 25983.8 660.7 -----
MAND 20.0 -55.1 -84.9 245.0 15.0 26296.1 667.5 -----
SIGT 18.5 -54.1 -84.9 ----- ----- 26795.3 685.7 -----
SIGT 15.4 -55.3 -84.9 ----- ----- 27969.3 718.7 -----
SIGT 13.7 -51.9 -84.9 ----- ----- 28721.8 754.7 -----
SIGT 12.8 -52.5 ----- ----- ----- 29161.7 767.5 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 23 Mar 2018082
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -11.2 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 272.9 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 277.4 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.7 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 854 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -12.4 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 854 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 3.1 C
K Index (KI) = -5.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 13.1
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 57.0
Showalter Index (ShI) = 12.0
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 39.8
Precipitable Water (PW) = 5.1 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 21 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 281 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 308 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 344 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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