================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018148 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=142
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 987.0 26.6 18.6 245.0 9.9 221.0 300.9 13.817
SIGT 985.0 26.2 17.2 245.5 9.7 238.9 300.7 12.654
SIGT 965.0 23.8 14.8 250.1 7.3 419.4 300.0 11.052
SIGW 944.2 22.2 14.7 255.0 4.9 609.0 300.2 11.223
MAND 925.0 20.6 14.6 280.0 4.9 788.3 300.4 11.388
SIGW 911.6 19.4 14.3 295.0 3.9 914.0 300.4 11.322
SIGT 887.0 17.2 13.7 298.9 7.0 1149.8 300.5 11.199
SIGW 879.9 17.2 12.7 300.0 8.0 1219.0 301.2 10.578
SIGT 879.0 17.2 12.6 298.9 7.9 1227.3 301.3 10.506
SIGT 857.0 15.4 11.4 269.5 7.2 1443.7 301.6 9.947
MAND 850.0 15.2 10.2 260.0 7.0 1513.4 302.1 9.248
SIGW 818.9 13.8 6.4 260.0 12.8 1829.0 303.8 7.388
SIGT 811.0 13.4 5.4 273.4 13.1 1910.9 304.3 6.962
SIGW 789.8 11.8 5.6 310.0 14.0 2134.0 304.9 7.240
SIGT 787.0 11.6 5.6 310.0 14.1 2163.4 305.0 7.278
SIGW 761.4 9.8 3.3 310.0 15.0 2439.0 305.9 6.382
SIGT 735.0 7.8 0.8 295.5 12.9 2732.2 306.8 5.532
SIGW 734.0 7.7 0.6 295.0 12.8 2743.0 306.9 5.468
SIGT 720.0 7.0 -2.0 299.1 15.3 2902.2 307.8 4.596
MAND 700.0 5.4 -3.6 305.0 18.8 3133.4 308.5 4.194
SIGT 688.0 4.6 -5.4 309.0 19.7 3274.7 309.1 3.722
SIGT 664.0 3.0 -7.0 317.3 21.4 3563.4 310.5 3.410
SIGW 656.3 2.2 -5.5 320.0 22.0 3658.0 310.6 3.885
SIGT 654.0 2.0 -5.0 317.7 21.7 3686.3 310.7 4.038
SIGT 636.0 0.8 -9.2 299.2 19.4 3911.3 311.8 2.998
SIGW 631.9 0.4 -9.6 295.0 18.8 3963.0 312.0 2.932
SIGT 617.0 -0.9 -10.9 298.1 18.2 4154.4 312.6 2.700
SIGW 608.3 -2.1 -10.3 300.0 17.9 4268.0 312.5 2.869
SIGT 602.0 -2.9 -9.9 300.0 17.9 4350.4 312.5 2.997
SIGT 600.0 -2.9 -10.9 300.0 17.9 4376.8 312.8 2.777
SIGT 597.0 -2.5 -20.5 300.0 17.9 4416.5 313.7 1.254
SIGT 595.0 -2.5 -24.5 300.0 17.9 4443.2 314.0 0.884
SIGT 573.0 -3.9 -32.9 300.0 17.9 4741.3 315.7 0.420
SIGT 567.0 -4.7 -17.7 300.0 17.9 4824.3 315.8 1.678
SIGW 563.1 -4.9 -24.1 300.0 17.9 4878.0 316.1 0.964
SIGT 559.0 -5.1 -31.1 303.8 18.5 4936.0 316.6 0.511
SIGT 551.0 -5.9 -23.9 311.3 19.6 5049.1 316.9 1.007
SIGT 543.0 -5.7 -35.7 318.8 20.8 5163.7 318.5 0.337
SIGW 541.7 -5.8 -33.7 320.0 21.0 5182.0 318.6 0.410
SIGT 537.0 -6.3 -26.3 317.7 20.3 5250.7 318.8 0.832
SIGW 521.0 -7.6 -27.6 310.0 17.9 5487.0 320.0 0.762
SIGT 510.0 -8.5 -28.5 315.4 18.9 5652.6 320.9 0.716
SIGT 502.0 -8.1 -47.1 319.5 19.7 5775.4 322.8 0.109
SIGW 500.9 -8.2 -49.9 320.0 19.8 5792.0 322.9 0.081
MAND 500.0 -8.3 -52.3 320.0 19.8 5806.4 322.9 0.065
SIGT 496.0 -8.7 -54.7 320.0 19.8 5868.6 323.2 0.050
SIGW 481.3 -10.8 -53.2 320.0 19.8 6097.0 323.4 0.062
SIGW 444.2 -16.4 -49.0 320.0 22.0 6707.0 323.8 0.100
SIGT 431.0 -18.5 -47.5 312.5 23.8 6937.0 324.0 0.121
SIGW 409.4 -21.3 -55.8 300.0 26.8 7317.0 325.2 0.054
MAND 400.0 -22.5 -59.5 300.0 26.8 7489.6 325.8 0.037
SIGW 392.9 -23.5 -59.9 300.0 26.8 7621.0 326.2 0.036
SIGT 387.0 -24.3 -60.3 300.0 27.0 7731.4 326.5 0.035
SIGW 360.9 -28.7 -61.4 300.0 28.0 8231.0 327.2 0.034
SIGT 333.0 -33.7 -62.7 276.4 26.9 8806.5 328.0 0.032
SIGW 331.3 -33.9 -62.9 275.0 26.8 8841.0 328.1 0.032
SIGW 317.1 -36.0 -65.0 275.0 30.9 9146.0 329.3 -----
MAND 300.0 -38.7 -67.7 265.0 36.9 9531.1 330.8 -----
SIGW 290.3 -40.4 -68.7 265.0 37.9 9756.0 331.6 -----
SIGT 286.0 -41.1 -69.1 264.5 40.5 9857.7 332.0 -----
SIGT 277.0 -41.3 -70.3 263.4 46.1 10075.0 334.7 -----
SIGT 267.0 -42.5 -72.5 262.2 52.5 10324.1 336.5 -----
MAND 250.0 -46.7 -74.7 260.0 63.9 10764.7 336.7 -----
SIGT 245.0 -47.7 -74.7 261.4 65.5 10898.5 337.1 -----
MAXW 232.0 -49.9 -67.5 265.0 69.9 11256.5 339.0 -----
SIGT 230.0 -50.3 -66.3 265.0 69.3 11313.4 339.3 -----
SIGT 208.0 -55.5 -70.5 265.0 62.5 11962.3 341.0 -----
MAND 200.0 -56.5 -73.5 265.0 59.8 12211.8 343.3 -----
SIGW 191.1 -57.0 -74.5 260.0 54.8 12500.0 346.9 -----
SIGT 181.0 -57.7 -75.7 265.6 47.7 12843.7 351.3 -----
SIGT 176.0 -57.3 -76.3 268.5 44.0 13020.8 354.8 -----
SIGW 165.4 -58.6 -77.6 275.0 35.9 13414.0 359.0 -----
SIGT 163.0 -58.9 -77.9 273.5 35.6 13504.3 360.0 -----
SIGT 159.0 -58.1 -78.1 271.0 35.2 13660.5 363.9 -----
SIGW 157.5 -58.4 -78.4 270.0 35.0 13719.0 364.3 -----
SIGT 152.0 -59.7 -79.7 259.0 37.8 13943.2 365.9 -----
SIGW 150.1 -58.9 -78.9 255.0 38.9 14024.0 368.5 -----
MAND 150.0 -58.9 -78.9 255.0 39.8 14026.2 368.6 -----
SIGT 149.0 -58.9 -78.9 257.4 39.4 14068.2 369.3 -----
SIGW 136.0 -61.9 -81.3 290.0 33.8 14634.0 373.8 -----
SIGW 129.5 -63.5 -82.6 270.0 28.0 14939.0 376.3 -----
TRO2 127.0 -64.1 -83.1 275.0 30.9 15058.9 377.2 -----
SIGT 125.0 -63.3 -83.3 277.6 28.2 15156.4 380.4 -----
SIGW 123.2 -63.8 -83.8 280.0 25.8 15243.0 381.1 -----
SIGT 122.0 -64.1 -84.1 279.0 26.3 15305.5 381.6 -----
SIGW 117.3 -63.0 -83.7 275.0 28.0 15548.0 387.9 -----
SIGT 115.0 -62.5 -83.5 277.0 26.4 15668.8 391.0 -----
SIGT 112.0 -63.3 -83.3 279.6 24.2 15831.6 392.5 -----
SIGW 111.6 -63.3 -83.4 280.0 23.9 15853.0 392.9 -----
SIGT 108.0 -63.1 -84.1 290.5 24.5 16055.4 397.0 -----
SIGT 104.0 -64.5 -84.5 302.5 25.1 16286.9 398.6 -----
MAND 100.0 -64.3 -84.4 315.0 25.8 16526.8 403.5 -----
SIGT 93.6 -62.7 -83.7 326.9 18.2 16933.1 414.4 -----
SIGW 87.0 -64.6 -84.1 340.0 9.9 17378.0 419.2 -----
SIGT 84.1 -65.5 -84.2 298.4 16.1 17588.6 421.6 -----
SIGW 82.8 -65.5 -84.2 280.0 18.8 17682.0 423.5 -----
SIGW 74.9 -65.2 -84.3 330.0 14.0 18292.0 436.4 -----
SIGT 73.5 -65.1 -84.3 335.8 12.8 18409.1 439.0 -----
SIGW 71.3 -64.1 -84.3 345.0 10.9 18597.0 445.0 -----
MAND 70.0 -63.5 -84.3 335.0 11.8 18707.7 448.6 -----
SIGW 67.8 -62.5 -84.3 335.0 14.0 18902.0 454.8 -----
SIGT 65.3 -61.3 -84.3 346.6 17.0 19136.9 462.4 -----
SIGW 64.6 -61.2 -84.3 350.0 17.9 19207.0 464.0 -----
SIGW 61.5 -61.0 -84.3 15.0 16.9 19512.0 471.2 -----
SIGW 58.5 -60.7 -84.3 15.0 12.8 19817.0 478.4 -----
SIGT 54.6 -60.3 -84.3 12.6 7.2 20250.4 488.9 -----
SIGT 51.7 -57.9 -83.9 10.8 2.8 20592.7 502.2 -----
SIGW 50.6 -58.7 -84.7 10.0 1.0 20731.0 503.5 -----
MAND 50.0 -59.1 -85.1 5.0 1.9 20803.0 504.2 -----
SIGT 46.5 -58.9 -85.0 335.4 7.0 21258.4 515.3 -----
SIGW 45.9 -58.4 -85.0 330.0 8.0 21341.0 518.4 -----
SIGT 44.1 -56.9 -84.9 31.9 13.7 21592.6 528.0 -----
SIGW 43.7 -56.9 -84.9 45.0 15.0 21646.0 529.3 -----
SIGT 41.1 -56.9 -84.9 65.3 12.8 22039.0 538.8 -----
SIGT 38.7 -53.7 -84.7 85.2 10.8 22423.1 556.3 -----
SIGT 36.3 -55.3 -84.5 106.4 8.6 22833.3 562.4 -----
SIGT 34.2 -52.7 -84.3 126.2 6.5 23215.9 578.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -52.7 -84.1 170.0 1.9 24062.3 601.0 -----
SIGW 28.5 -52.0 -83.9 315.0 8.9 24390.0 611.8 -----
SIGW 27.2 -51.3 -83.7 320.0 15.0 24695.0 621.9 -----
SIGW 23.7 -49.2 -83.0 0.0 0.0 25609.0 653.5 -----
SIGT 23.2 -48.9 -82.9 11.0 1.1 25737.0 658.0 -----
SIGT 21.4 -49.5 -83.5 56.7 5.9 26266.9 671.6 -----
MAND 20.0 -48.1 -82.1 95.0 9.9 26711.7 689.0 -----
SIGW 18.8 -47.6 -81.9 125.0 11.8 27134.0 703.2 -----
SIGW 17.9 -47.3 -81.7 125.0 21.0 27439.0 713.6 -----
SIGW 16.3 -46.6 -81.4 85.0 16.9 28048.0 734.9 -----
SIGT 15.8 -46.3 -81.3 96.0 16.2 28272.3 742.9 -----
SIGW 15.6 -45.3 -80.3 100.0 15.9 28353.0 748.8 -----
SIGT 15.5 -44.7 -79.7 103.5 15.9 28400.2 752.3 -----
SIGT 14.7 -46.1 -81.1 129.6 15.3 28753.8 759.1 -----
SIGW 14.2 -45.4 -80.7 145.0 15.0 28963.0 768.4 -----
SIGW 13.6 -44.3 -80.0 140.0 12.8 29268.0 782.3 -----
SIGT 13.3 -43.7 -79.7 109.5 16.4 29423.2 789.4 -----
SIGW 13.0 -43.8 -79.8 80.0 19.8 29573.0 794.0 -----
SIGT 12.0 -44.3 -80.3 102.2 13.6 30113.8 810.8 -----
SIGW 11.9 -44.0 -80.0 105.0 12.8 30182.0 814.4 -----
SIGT 11.1 -41.7 -77.7 93.2 12.1 30639.6 838.5 -----
SIGT 10.2 -42.7 -78.7 78.5 11.1 31211.8 855.3 -----
MAND 10.0 -41.7 -77.7 75.0 10.9 31345.8 863.9 -----
SIGT 8.6 -37.7 -75.7 ----- ----- 32377.5 917.6 -----
SIGT 7.1 -35.7 -73.7 ----- ----- 33705.4 977.5 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 28 May 2018148
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 14.8 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 300.3 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 330.9 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 11.4 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 847 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 13.2 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 667 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = 338 mb
Convective Temperature (CVT) = 37.7 C
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 28.2 C
K Index (KI) = 24.7
Lifted Index (LI) = 2.3
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 156.3
Showalter Index (ShI) = 4.0
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 42.0
Precipitable Water (PW) = 29.3 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -31 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 84 J/kg
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 226 J/kg
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 333 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 337 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 338 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 987 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = 1079 J/kg
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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