================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018264 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS= 96
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 988.0 23.8 19.5 185.0 14.0 221.0 298.0 14.619
SIGT 983.0 24.0 19.5 187.9 16.8 265.6 298.6 14.695
SIGT 955.0 22.2 17.8 204.2 33.1 518.6 299.3 13.575
SIGW 945.2 22.3 17.7 210.0 38.9 609.0 300.2 13.634
MAND 925.0 22.4 17.5 230.0 44.9 797.2 302.2 13.756
SIGW 912.7 22.2 17.4 235.0 45.8 914.0 303.1 13.836
SIGT 905.0 22.0 17.3 237.4 45.6 987.9 303.7 13.887
SIGW 881.1 20.0 16.2 245.0 44.9 1219.0 304.0 13.281
MAND 850.0 17.4 14.7 245.0 40.8 1530.3 304.4 12.495
SIGT 842.0 16.8 14.5 243.6 40.5 1611.3 304.6 12.451
SIGW 820.8 15.4 11.5 240.0 39.8 1829.0 305.4 10.429
SIGT 817.0 15.2 10.9 240.0 39.9 1868.4 305.5 10.095
SIGT 811.0 14.6 12.2 240.0 40.1 1931.0 305.5 11.102
SIGT 799.0 13.6 11.6 240.0 40.5 2057.3 305.8 10.826
SIGW 791.7 13.2 10.9 240.0 40.8 2134.0 306.1 10.439
SIGW 763.5 11.6 8.2 245.0 42.0 2439.0 307.6 9.010
SIGT 747.0 10.6 6.6 245.0 41.3 2623.1 308.4 8.229
SIGW 736.3 10.2 4.3 245.0 40.8 2743.0 309.3 7.090
SIGT 736.0 10.2 4.2 245.0 40.8 2746.9 309.3 7.055
SIGT 726.0 9.8 -0.2 245.0 41.4 2860.8 310.1 5.206
MAND 700.0 8.2 -1.8 245.0 42.9 3163.2 311.6 4.799
SIGT 697.0 8.0 -2.0 244.6 43.0 3198.7 311.7 4.749
SIGT 686.0 6.8 -0.2 243.3 43.3 3329.9 311.8 5.512
SIGT 670.0 5.2 -3.8 241.4 43.6 3523.5 312.1 4.317
SIGW 659.1 4.1 0.7 240.0 43.9 3658.0 312.4 6.116
SIGT 658.0 4.0 1.1 240.2 43.9 3671.1 312.4 6.323
SIGT 630.0 2.0 -3.0 246.0 43.9 4024.1 314.0 4.879
SIGW 611.1 -0.2 -4.0 250.0 43.9 4268.0 314.2 4.667
SIGT 589.0 -2.9 -5.2 254.8 42.0 4563.4 314.4 4.419
SIGW 588.3 -2.9 -5.4 255.0 42.0 4573.0 314.6 4.368
SIGT 586.0 -2.7 -5.9 253.5 41.3 4603.9 315.1 4.210
SIGT 582.0 -1.5 -11.5 250.8 40.3 4658.4 317.1 2.728
SIGT 576.0 -1.3 -15.3 246.7 38.6 4741.1 318.3 2.021
SIGW 566.2 -1.6 -16.6 240.0 35.9 4878.0 319.5 1.850
SIGT 556.0 -1.9 -17.9 240.0 34.9 5022.6 320.8 1.683
SIGW 544.9 -2.9 -19.9 240.0 33.8 5182.0 321.6 1.451
SIGT 524.0 -4.7 -23.7 246.8 35.7 5491.7 323.0 1.078
SIGT 505.0 -5.1 -41.1 253.3 37.4 5782.1 325.9 0.208
MAND 500.0 -5.7 -34.7 255.0 37.9 5860.1 326.1 0.404
SIGT 494.0 -6.5 -29.5 257.0 39.5 5954.6 326.3 0.673
SIGW 485.0 -7.4 -32.8 260.0 42.0 6097.0 326.8 0.501
SIGT 457.0 -10.5 -43.5 260.0 44.8 6558.5 328.6 0.177
SIGT 431.0 -14.5 -37.5 260.0 47.5 7005.9 329.1 0.354
SIGT 424.0 -15.7 -31.7 260.0 48.2 7129.8 329.1 0.637
SIGT 409.0 -17.9 -38.9 260.0 49.9 7400.4 329.6 0.323
MAND 400.0 -19.1 -36.1 260.0 50.9 7566.5 330.2 0.439
SIGT 91.8 -67.7 -47.4 278.5 21.3 17476.4 406.8 -----
SIGT 85.8 -70.1 -56.1 279.2 20.1 17880.9 409.9 -----
SIGW 80.1 -67.4 -81.3 280.0 18.8 18292.0 423.5 -----
SIGT 79.5 -67.1 -83.8 277.7 20.5 18338.0 425.1 -----
SIGW 76.2 -68.2 -84.0 265.0 29.9 18597.0 428.0 -----
SIGT 75.3 -68.5 -84.1 268.3 28.6 18664.6 428.8 -----
SIGT 73.8 -66.9 -84.1 274.3 26.2 18785.7 434.7 -----
SIGW 72.4 -67.3 -84.1 280.0 23.9 18902.0 436.2 -----
SIGT 71.1 -67.7 -84.1 274.6 26.6 19010.5 437.6 -----
MAND 70.0 -67.1 -84.1 270.0 28.9 19104.5 440.9 -----
SIGW 68.8 -66.6 -84.1 275.0 21.0 19207.0 444.1 -----
SIGT 66.4 -65.5 -84.1 296.4 19.5 19424.6 451.0 -----
SIGW 65.5 -63.9 -84.1 305.0 18.8 19512.0 456.3 -----
SIGT 65.2 -63.5 -84.1 304.2 18.5 19536.1 457.8 -----
SIGT 63.1 -64.3 -84.1 297.6 15.3 19736.8 460.3 -----
SIGW 62.3 -63.5 -84.1 295.0 14.0 19817.0 463.9 -----
SIGT 61.0 -62.1 -84.1 267.6 13.5 19945.0 469.7 -----
SIGW 59.3 -61.4 -84.1 230.0 12.8 20121.0 475.0 -----
SIGW 56.5 -60.3 -84.1 235.0 22.9 20426.0 484.4 -----
SIGT 54.7 -59.5 -84.1 241.5 19.7 20623.3 490.5 -----
SIGW 53.8 -59.8 -84.1 245.0 17.9 20731.0 492.2 -----
SIGW 51.2 -60.8 -84.1 305.0 10.9 21036.0 496.8 -----
MAND 50.0 -61.3 -84.1 265.0 15.9 21183.3 499.0 -----
SIGW 48.7 -61.6 -84.1 290.0 9.9 21341.0 502.0 -----
SIGW 46.4 -62.2 -84.1 265.0 5.8 21646.0 507.6 -----
SIGT 46.1 -62.3 -84.1 265.7 7.7 21686.3 508.4 -----
SIGW 44.2 -60.8 -84.1 270.0 19.8 21951.0 518.2 -----
SIGT 40.9 -58.1 -84.1 299.0 15.1 22433.1 536.5 -----
SIGW 38.2 -58.3 -84.1 325.0 10.9 22865.0 546.6 -----
SIGW 36.4 -58.5 -84.1 20.0 1.0 23170.0 553.9 -----
SIGT 33.8 -58.7 -84.1 330.7 8.5 23632.8 565.0 -----
SIGW 33.0 -58.3 -84.1 315.0 10.9 23780.0 569.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -56.7 -84.1 335.0 11.8 24385.7 590.1 -----
SIGT 28.6 -54.5 -84.1 306.8 11.2 24690.4 604.3 -----
SIGW 26.0 -54.8 -84.1 250.0 9.9 25304.0 620.1 -----
SIGT 24.1 -55.1 -84.1 297.4 9.9 25785.7 632.9 -----
SIGT 21.5 -50.1 -84.1 9.9 9.9 26523.4 668.9 -----
SIGW 21.5 -50.1 -84.1 10.0 9.9 26524.0 668.9 -----
MAND 20.0 -50.3 -84.3 80.0 2.9 26995.9 682.2 -----
SIGW 18.7 -49.8 -83.8 235.0 8.9 27439.0 697.2 -----
SIGW 17.8 -49.4 -83.4 270.0 15.0 27743.0 707.6 -----
SIGT 17.1 -49.1 -83.1 267.7 13.1 28021.5 717.3 -----
SIGW 16.3 -47.9 -82.2 265.0 10.9 28353.0 731.7 -----
SIGW 15.5 -46.7 -81.4 245.0 10.9 28658.0 745.2 -----
SIGT 14.8 -45.5 -80.5 243.7 12.7 28977.5 759.6 -----
SIGT 13.8 -47.5 -82.5 241.8 15.4 29442.1 768.2 -----
SIGW 12.9 -45.9 -81.4 240.0 17.9 29878.0 788.2 -----
SIGT 12.0 -44.1 -80.1 229.9 15.0 30373.1 811.5 -----
MAND 10.0 -46.3 -81.3 205.0 8.0 31590.9 846.8 -----
SIGT 8.7 -41.7 -77.7 ----- ----- 32526.0 899.0 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 21 Sep 2018264
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 17.8 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 301.1 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 338.3 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 13.9 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 875 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 16.6 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 705 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = 405 mb
Convective Temperature (CVT) = 37.6 C
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 31.7 C
K Index (KI) = 27.8
Lifted Index (LI) = 1.4
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 342.8
Showalter Index (ShI) = 1.4
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 43.5
Precipitable Water (PW) = 39.6 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 332 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 151 J/kg
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 165 J/kg
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 343 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 751 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 341 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 905 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = 502 J/kg
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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