================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018288 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=130
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 993.0 12.2 5.2 250.0 4.9 221.0 285.9 5.595
SIGT 989.0 12.8 3.8 241.3 4.9 254.9 286.9 5.089
SIGW 948.1 10.9 1.9 150.0 5.8 609.0 288.4 4.634
SIGT 946.0 10.8 1.8 151.8 5.9 627.1 288.5 4.612
MAND 925.0 9.2 -0.8 170.0 7.0 813.9 288.7 3.903
SIGW 913.8 8.3 -1.2 170.0 8.9 914.0 288.8 3.848
SIGT 882.0 5.8 -2.2 170.0 9.9 1206.2 289.2 3.691
SIGW 880.6 5.7 -2.5 170.0 9.9 1219.0 289.2 3.605
MAND 850.0 3.8 -10.2 220.0 12.8 1507.7 290.1 2.070
SIGT 834.0 3.0 -13.0 239.2 12.8 1661.9 290.9 1.684
SIGW 816.9 2.0 -15.9 260.0 12.8 1829.0 291.5 1.355
SIGT 807.0 1.4 -17.6 258.4 12.8 1927.6 291.9 1.188
SIGT 798.0 0.8 -14.2 256.9 12.8 2017.8 292.2 1.596
SIGT 787.0 0.6 -11.4 255.1 12.8 2129.3 293.2 2.032
SIGW 786.5 0.6 -11.6 255.0 12.8 2134.0 293.2 2.008
SIGT 781.0 0.6 -13.4 255.0 13.2 2190.8 293.8 1.741
SIGT 776.0 1.2 -21.8 255.0 13.6 2242.4 295.0 0.861
SIGT 761.0 2.0 -43.0 255.0 14.7 2399.6 297.5 0.112
SIGW 757.3 2.0 -41.0 255.0 15.0 2439.0 297.9 0.139
SIGT 746.0 2.0 -35.0 253.0 15.3 2560.1 299.2 0.263
SIGW 729.2 0.9 -10.1 250.0 15.9 2743.0 299.9 2.438
SIGT 728.0 0.8 -8.2 249.6 16.0 2756.8 300.0 2.831
SIGT 706.0 -0.7 -9.7 242.1 16.7 3002.8 301.0 2.595
MAND 700.0 -0.9 -9.9 240.0 16.9 3071.0 301.5 2.576
SIGT 664.0 -2.1 -12.1 257.9 22.6 3491.9 304.7 2.277
SIGT 654.0 -2.7 -13.7 263.1 24.2 3612.5 305.4 2.030
SIGW 650.3 -3.1 -13.0 265.0 24.9 3658.0 305.5 2.170
SIGT 644.0 -3.7 -11.7 265.6 26.4 3734.5 305.6 2.425
SIGT 636.0 -3.9 -15.9 266.4 28.3 3833.3 306.5 1.740
SIGT 606.0 -6.1 -16.1 269.6 35.8 4213.3 308.2 1.796
SIGW 601.8 -6.2 -20.5 270.0 36.9 4268.0 308.6 1.249
SIGT 600.0 -6.3 -22.3 270.0 36.8 4291.2 308.8 1.066
SIGT 567.0 -7.9 -34.9 270.0 34.5 4732.4 312.0 0.349
SIGW 556.4 -8.8 -36.0 270.0 33.8 4878.0 312.7 0.319
SIGT 524.0 -11.5 -39.5 267.2 39.0 5341.3 314.8 0.237
SIGT 501.0 -14.3 -37.3 265.1 42.8 5683.7 315.4 0.311
MAND 500.0 -14.3 -37.3 265.0 42.9 5698.8 315.6 0.311
SIGW 493.9 -14.6 -41.0 270.0 46.8 5792.0 316.4 0.216
SIGT 491.0 -14.7 -42.7 270.0 46.7 5836.5 316.8 0.180
SIGW 474.3 -17.2 -41.5 270.0 45.8 6097.0 316.9 0.211
SIGT 468.0 -18.1 -41.1 272.5 45.4 6197.5 316.9 0.224
SIGT 462.0 -18.1 -52.1 274.8 44.9 6293.9 318.1 0.072
SIGW 437.0 -20.8 -58.6 285.0 42.9 6707.0 319.8 0.038
SIGT 429.0 -21.7 -60.7 281.8 44.6 6843.9 320.3 0.030
MAND 400.0 -26.1 -63.1 270.0 50.9 7355.0 321.1 0.026
SIGT 399.0 -26.3 -62.3 270.0 51.2 7373.2 321.0 0.028
SIGW 385.4 -28.1 -62.0 270.0 55.9 7621.0 321.9 0.030
SIGW 369.2 -30.4 -61.6 265.0 56.9 7926.0 322.9 0.033
SIGT 345.0 -33.9 -60.9 267.0 57.3 8408.8 324.4 0.037
SIGT 319.0 -38.9 -52.9 269.2 57.7 8952.4 324.8 0.096
SIGT 313.0 -39.9 -49.9 269.7 57.8 9082.4 325.2 0.130
SIGW 310.1 -40.4 -50.7 270.0 57.9 9146.0 325.3 0.123
SIGT 303.0 -41.7 -52.7 270.0 57.9 9303.5 325.7 0.103
MAND 300.0 -42.5 -52.5 270.0 57.9 9370.9 325.5 0.107
SIGW 283.2 -46.0 -55.2 265.0 59.8 9756.0 325.9 0.081
SIGT 277.0 -47.3 -56.3 265.0 62.7 9904.4 326.1 0.076
SIGT 269.0 -48.7 -53.7 265.0 66.5 10097.7 326.8 0.104
SIGT 258.0 -51.1 -55.1 265.0 71.8 10370.8 327.2 0.091
MAND 250.0 -52.7 -56.9 265.0 75.8 10575.1 327.7 0.079
TRO1 242.0 -54.1 -59.1 270.0 77.9 10784.5 328.7 0.064
SIGT 238.0 -53.7 -59.7 272.8 83.0 10891.6 330.9 0.061
MAXW 235.0 -52.9 -63.9 275.0 86.8 10973.4 333.3 -----
SIGT 232.0 -52.1 -68.1 274.6 86.2 11056.3 335.7 -----
SIGT 227.0 -51.7 -81.7 273.9 85.1 11197.6 338.4 -----
SIGT 222.0 -49.7 -83.7 273.2 84.0 11342.8 343.7 -----
SIGT 214.0 -49.7 -83.7 272.1 82.2 11583.1 347.3 -----
SIGT 206.0 -51.1 -85.1 270.9 80.3 11831.7 348.9 -----
MAND 200.0 -51.3 -84.3 270.0 78.9 12024.0 351.5 -----
SIGT 178.0 -53.1 -85.1 272.0 74.7 12778.4 360.5 -----
SIGT 170.0 -54.7 -84.9 272.8 73.1 13073.8 362.6 -----
SIGT 166.0 -53.9 -84.8 273.2 72.3 13226.5 366.4 -----
SIGT 162.0 -54.3 -84.8 273.7 71.4 13383.1 368.3 -----
MAND 150.0 -56.3 -84.7 275.0 68.8 13874.4 373.1 -----
SIGW 146.5 -57.1 -84.7 275.0 74.8 14024.0 374.3 -----
SIGT 134.0 -60.1 -84.7 262.7 62.5 14584.8 378.6 -----
SIGW 126.6 -61.2 -84.7 255.0 54.8 14939.0 382.9 -----
SIGW 120.5 -62.1 -84.7 255.0 61.8 15243.0 386.6 -----
SIGT 119.0 -62.3 -84.7 256.6 61.9 15322.1 387.6 -----
SIGT 114.0 -62.1 -84.7 262.0 62.3 15587.4 392.8 -----
TRO2 107.0 -64.3 -84.7 270.0 62.9 15977.2 395.8 -----
SIGT 105.0 -63.1 -84.7 270.0 62.9 16093.0 400.2 -----
MAND 100.0 -63.3 -84.7 270.0 62.9 16393.2 405.4 -----
SIGT 95.9 -61.3 -84.7 270.0 54.8 16651.8 414.2 -----
SIGT 91.5 -62.9 -84.7 270.0 45.6 16942.3 416.7 -----
SIGW 85.2 -63.0 -84.7 270.0 31.9 17378.0 424.9 -----
SIGT 82.2 -63.1 -84.7 259.0 32.6 17602.3 429.2 -----
SIGT 79.3 -60.9 -84.7 248.0 33.3 17824.5 438.2 -----
SIGW 77.2 -61.5 -84.7 240.0 33.8 17987.0 440.2 -----
SIGT 76.1 -61.9 -84.7 247.6 35.9 18080.1 441.3 -----
SIGW 73.5 -61.7 -84.7 265.0 40.8 18292.0 446.0 -----
MAND 70.0 -61.5 -84.7 270.0 35.9 18597.7 452.8 -----
SIGT 68.0 -60.3 -84.7 274.4 33.6 18778.0 459.2 -----
SIGW 63.5 -61.7 -84.7 285.0 28.0 19207.0 465.2 -----
SIGT 61.8 -62.3 -84.7 263.4 26.3 19371.5 467.5 -----
SIGT 60.5 -60.5 -84.7 246.1 25.0 19503.4 474.4 -----
SIGW 60.4 -60.5 -84.7 245.0 24.9 19512.0 474.5 -----
SIGT 58.4 -61.5 -84.7 245.0 27.3 19723.0 476.9 -----
SIGW 54.8 -59.7 -84.7 245.0 31.9 20121.0 489.7 -----
SIGW 52.2 -58.4 -84.7 280.0 24.9 20426.0 499.7 -----
SIGT 52.0 -58.3 -84.7 276.7 24.8 20448.3 500.5 -----
MAND 50.0 -59.1 -84.7 240.0 23.9 20694.7 504.2 -----
SIGT 47.5 -59.9 -84.7 249.4 24.8 21015.8 509.8 -----
SIGW 47.3 -59.8 -84.7 250.0 24.9 21036.0 510.4 -----
SIGW 45.1 -58.8 -84.7 240.0 22.0 21341.0 520.1 -----
SIGW 43.0 -57.7 -84.7 230.0 22.0 21646.0 530.0 -----
SIGT 42.6 -57.5 -84.7 233.1 22.3 21700.0 531.8 -----
SIGW 39.0 -57.7 -84.7 265.0 25.8 22256.0 544.8 -----
SIGW 33.7 -58.1 -84.7 245.0 17.9 23170.0 566.9 -----
SIGT 33.5 -58.1 -84.7 243.5 18.3 23216.3 568.1 -----
SIGT 32.5 -56.5 -84.7 237.2 20.3 23408.0 577.3 -----
SIGW 32.2 -56.8 -84.7 235.0 21.0 23475.0 578.3 -----
SIGT 31.5 -57.3 -84.7 243.6 24.4 23606.0 580.3 -----
SIGW 30.7 -55.8 -84.7 255.0 28.9 23780.0 588.8 -----
MAND 30.0 -54.7 -84.7 255.0 21.0 23916.5 595.5 -----
SIGW 27.9 -55.1 -84.7 270.0 18.8 24390.0 607.2 -----
SIGW 26.6 -55.4 -84.7 240.0 15.0 24695.0 614.7 -----
SIGW 25.3 -55.7 -84.7 265.0 19.8 25000.0 622.4 -----
SIGT 25.1 -55.7 -84.7 261.4 20.0 25055.3 623.8 -----
SIGW 24.1 -54.0 -84.7 245.0 21.0 25304.0 635.9 -----
SIGT 23.9 -53.5 -84.7 246.1 21.3 25369.0 639.0 -----
MAND 20.0 -51.7 -84.7 265.0 26.8 26520.3 678.0 -----
SIGT 17.5 -53.1 -84.5 260.3 21.3 27384.0 699.9 -----
SIGW 17.4 -52.6 -84.5 260.0 21.0 27439.0 703.1 -----
SIGT 17.0 -51.5 -84.5 259.5 21.0 27571.6 710.9 -----
SIGT 14.7 -50.5 -84.5 255.5 21.0 28517.8 744.4 -----
SIGT 13.9 -46.7 -81.7 254.0 21.0 28886.0 769.3 -----
SIGT 11.5 -49.5 -83.5 248.8 21.0 30135.9 802.1 -----
SIGT 10.4 -47.1 -82.1 246.1 21.0 30798.3 834.4 -----
MAND 10.0 -47.3 -82.3 245.0 21.0 31058.0 843.0 -----
SIGT 8.0 -46.7 -81.7 ----- ----- 32536.6 901.0 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 15 Oct 2018288
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 1.1 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 288.2 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 299.9 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 4.4 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 821 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -0.8 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 821 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 17.3 C
K Index (KI) = -1.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 14.7
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 68.6
Showalter Index (ShI) = 17.5
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 22.2
Precipitable Water (PW) = 10.7 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 78 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 303 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 326 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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