================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019016 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS= 88
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 987.0 -0.5 -3.7 245.0 17.9 221.0 273.7 2.946
SIGT 986.0 -0.7 -3.9 245.1 18.3 229.1 273.6 2.905
SIGW 939.9 -4.3 -6.2 250.0 36.9 609.0 273.7 2.553
MAND 925.0 -5.5 -7.0 250.0 36.9 735.3 273.7 2.444
SIGT 913.0 -6.3 -7.7 255.7 35.1 837.7 273.9 2.345
SIGW 904.1 -6.5 -8.5 260.0 33.8 914.0 274.5 2.219
SIGT 894.0 -6.7 -9.5 262.9 33.0 1002.2 275.1 2.080
SIGW 869.4 -8.5 -9.8 270.0 30.9 1219.0 275.5 2.087
SIGT 855.0 -9.5 -10.0 273.7 31.6 1349.0 275.7 2.091
MAND 850.0 -9.7 -10.2 275.0 31.9 1394.4 276.0 2.070
SIGW 803.2 -12.7 -13.0 285.0 30.9 1829.0 277.3 1.756
SIGT 786.0 -13.9 -14.0 276.9 42.8 1994.5 277.7 1.647
SIGT 783.0 -13.5 -13.6 275.4 44.9 2023.6 278.5 1.709
SIGT 777.0 -11.1 -11.1 272.5 49.1 2082.5 281.7 2.108
SIGW 771.8 -10.3 -11.4 270.0 52.8 2134.0 283.0 2.079
SIGT 769.0 -9.9 -11.5 270.5 53.1 2162.2 283.8 2.063
SIGT 755.0 -10.7 -16.7 272.8 54.6 2303.9 284.4 1.370
SIGT 750.0 -10.3 -16.3 273.6 55.1 2355.1 285.4 1.427
SIGT 744.0 -9.3 -10.0 274.6 55.7 2417.1 287.1 2.404
SIGW 741.9 -9.4 -9.9 275.0 55.9 2439.0 287.3 2.431
SIGT 736.0 -9.5 -9.6 275.0 56.5 2500.8 287.8 2.508
SIGT 716.0 -10.7 -11.3 275.0 58.6 2713.5 288.8 2.252
SIGW 713.3 -10.9 -12.5 275.0 58.9 2743.0 288.8 2.060
SIGT 711.0 -11.1 -13.4 275.0 59.7 2767.4 288.9 1.913
SIGT 706.0 -11.3 -13.2 275.0 61.6 2821.6 289.3 1.958
MAND 700.0 -12.1 -15.8 275.0 63.9 2887.1 289.1 1.594
SIGT 694.0 -12.7 -17.7 275.0 65.1 2952.9 289.1 1.371
SIGT 688.0 -13.3 -19.3 275.0 66.3 3019.1 289.2 1.206
SIGW 685.4 -13.5 -23.8 275.0 66.8 3048.0 289.3 0.816
SIGT 682.0 -13.7 -29.7 275.3 66.3 3085.8 289.5 0.478
SIGT 676.0 -14.3 -33.3 275.9 65.3 3152.9 289.5 0.342
SIGT 666.0 -12.5 -38.5 276.8 63.6 3266.4 292.8 0.207
SIGT 636.0 -9.9 -41.9 279.7 58.4 3620.2 299.6 0.151
SIGW 632.9 -10.0 -42.5 280.0 57.9 3658.0 300.0 0.142
SIGT 625.0 -10.1 -44.1 281.6 56.6 3754.7 300.9 0.121
SIGW 608.2 -11.3 -44.5 285.0 53.8 3963.0 301.8 0.120
SIGT 588.0 -12.9 -44.9 293.5 58.9 4222.6 302.9 0.118
SIGW 584.4 -13.3 -45.2 295.0 59.8 4268.0 303.0 0.115
SIGW 538.7 -18.4 -49.3 285.0 62.9 4878.0 304.1 0.080
MAND 500.0 -23.1 -53.1 285.0 64.9 5434.7 304.9 0.060
SIGW 456.1 -28.6 -57.2 285.0 62.9 6097.0 306.1 0.042
SIGT 439.0 -30.9 -58.9 283.5 65.0 6373.1 306.6 0.036
MAND 400.0 -35.7 -58.7 280.0 69.9 7027.0 308.6 0.041
SIGT 397.0 -36.1 -58.1 280.0 69.8 7079.3 308.7 0.044
SIGT 81.5 -61.9 -73.2 270.7 48.5 17478.6 432.7 -----
SIGT 76.3 -64.3 -77.6 270.4 47.7 17884.4 436.0 -----
SIGT 75.3 -62.7 -79.0 270.3 47.5 17965.5 441.0 -----
SIGW 71.4 -62.4 -79.4 270.0 46.8 18292.0 448.3 -----
MAND 70.0 -62.3 -79.5 270.0 49.0 18415.9 451.1 -----
SIGT 57.2 -65.7 -79.5 270.0 44.6 19653.5 470.2 -----
SIGT 54.3 -64.3 -79.5 270.0 43.5 19970.8 480.5 -----
SIGW 50.4 -65.9 -79.5 270.0 42.0 20426.0 487.1 -----
MAND 50.0 -66.1 -79.5 265.0 38.9 20473.5 487.7 -----
SIGW 45.6 -64.2 -79.5 285.0 29.9 21036.0 505.4 -----
SIGT 45.4 -64.1 -79.5 283.3 29.5 21061.9 506.2 -----
SIGW 43.4 -64.2 -79.5 265.0 24.9 21341.0 512.5 -----
SIGT 42.5 -64.3 -79.5 265.0 26.9 21466.0 515.4 -----
SIGW 41.3 -65.1 -79.5 265.0 29.9 21646.0 517.7 -----
SIGT 38.0 -67.5 -79.5 277.3 23.4 22145.7 524.0 -----
SIGW 37.3 -67.2 -79.5 280.0 22.0 22256.0 527.5 -----
SIGW 35.5 -66.4 -79.5 280.0 22.9 22560.0 537.3 -----
SIGW 33.7 -65.5 -79.5 245.0 26.8 22865.0 547.3 -----
SIGT 33.3 -65.3 -79.5 248.3 28.1 22945.5 550.0 -----
SIGT 31.5 -67.1 -79.5 262.1 33.7 23282.5 554.0 -----
SIGW 30.5 -66.3 -79.5 270.0 36.9 23475.0 561.2 -----
SIGT 30.3 -66.1 -79.5 263.8 36.1 23517.6 562.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -66.3 -79.5 255.0 35.0 23577.9 563.9 -----
SIGW 27.6 -66.7 -79.5 280.0 19.8 24085.0 576.4 -----
SIGW 26.2 -67.0 -79.5 270.0 22.9 24390.0 584.0 -----
SIGT 24.7 -67.3 -79.5 261.1 29.4 24753.3 593.3 -----
SIGW 23.7 -67.1 -79.5 255.0 33.8 25000.0 600.9 -----
SIGT 22.0 -66.7 -79.5 255.0 33.4 25452.5 615.0 -----
MAND 20.0 -64.5 -79.5 255.0 32.8 26032.1 638.8 -----
SIGW 18.4 -65.7 -79.5 270.0 36.9 26524.0 650.1 -----
SIGT 17.4 -66.5 -79.5 266.1 38.0 26879.5 658.4 -----
SIGT 16.2 -65.1 -79.5 261.4 39.4 27313.6 676.5 -----
SIGW 15.9 -65.6 -79.5 260.0 39.8 27439.0 678.7 -----
SIGT 14.9 -67.3 -79.5 257.9 49.5 27820.9 685.6 -----
SIGW 13.7 -63.7 -79.5 255.0 62.9 28353.0 715.3 -----
SIGT 13.6 -63.5 -79.5 255.3 62.8 28376.6 716.7 -----
SIGT 12.0 -61.7 -79.5 264.8 59.0 29148.8 749.2 -----
SIGT 11.5 -57.7 -79.5 268.1 57.7 29415.0 772.7 -----
SIGW 11.2 -57.7 -79.5 270.0 56.9 29573.0 778.2 -----
SIGT 10.7 -57.7 -79.5 263.9 61.0 29870.2 788.8 -----
SIGT 10.1 -54.9 -79.5 256.3 66.0 30236.8 812.3 -----
MAND 10.0 -54.1 -79.5 255.0 66.8 30300.6 817.6 -----
SIGT 8.7 -43.5 -79.5 ----- ----- 31216.1 892.0 -----
SIGT 8.1 -40.3 -77.3 ----- ----- 31700.3 923.1 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 16 Jan 2019016
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -6.5 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 273.9 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 280.4 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.5 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 905 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -6.9 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 905 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 3.0 C
K Index (KI) = -0.5
Lifted Index (LI) = 20.4
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 128.7
Showalter Index (ShI) = 19.6
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 26.3
Precipitable Water (PW) = 6.7 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 18 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 284 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 37 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 309 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 397 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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