================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019141 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=128
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 987.0 11.4 7.3 235.0 10.9 221.0 285.6 6.517
SIGT 982.0 10.6 6.2 239.4 12.5 263.4 285.2 6.069
SIGW 942.0 8.7 2.7 275.0 25.8 609.0 286.7 4.938
SIGT 941.0 8.6 2.6 275.6 25.9 618.0 286.7 4.911
MAND 925.0 7.4 2.4 285.0 26.8 759.7 286.9 4.926
SIGW 907.7 6.0 2.0 290.0 28.9 914.0 287.0 4.889
SIGW 874.5 3.2 1.3 280.0 28.9 1219.0 287.2 4.815
SIGT 870.0 2.8 1.2 278.2 30.0 1260.9 287.2 4.805
MAND 850.0 2.4 1.0 270.0 35.0 1449.4 288.7 4.848
SIGT 845.0 2.2 0.7 269.4 35.2 1497.1 288.9 4.772
SIGW 810.8 -0.0 -1.1 265.0 36.9 1829.0 290.0 4.347
SIGW 780.5 -2.1 -2.8 265.0 37.9 2134.0 291.0 3.983
SIGT 774.0 -2.5 -3.2 266.1 38.5 2201.1 291.2 3.906
SIGT 768.0 -0.9 -2.6 267.1 39.1 2263.1 293.6 4.118
SIGT 763.0 -0.9 -2.9 268.0 39.6 2315.3 294.2 4.053
SIGT 754.0 -1.5 -4.3 269.5 40.5 2410.1 294.5 3.691
SIGW 751.3 -1.4 -4.4 270.0 40.8 2439.0 294.9 3.686
SIGT 725.0 -0.9 -5.0 270.0 42.8 2723.3 298.5 3.640
SIGW 723.2 -1.0 -5.3 270.0 42.9 2743.0 298.6 3.570
MAND 700.0 -2.1 -9.1 270.0 49.0 3003.2 300.2 2.744
SIGW 696.1 -2.3 -9.3 270.0 50.9 3048.0 300.5 2.726
SIGT 695.0 -2.3 -9.3 270.0 50.9 3060.2 300.6 2.721
SIGT 673.0 -2.3 -11.3 270.0 51.3 3315.9 303.3 2.396
SIGT 665.0 -1.3 -13.3 270.0 51.5 3411.1 305.5 2.063
SIGT 660.0 -0.9 -18.9 270.0 51.6 3471.3 306.6 1.301
SIGT 653.0 0.4 -16.6 270.0 51.7 3556.6 309.0 1.598
SIGW 644.8 0.4 -16.6 270.0 51.9 3658.0 310.1 1.619
SIGT 644.0 0.4 -16.6 269.9 51.8 3668.0 310.2 1.621
SIGT 633.0 0.8 -24.2 268.8 51.4 3806.3 312.2 0.853
SIGT 606.0 -0.9 -49.9 265.9 50.3 4155.2 314.2 0.067
SIGW 597.5 -1.4 -50.4 265.0 49.9 4268.0 314.9 0.065
SIGT 585.0 -2.1 -51.1 266.4 51.6 4435.9 316.0 0.063
SIGW 553.0 -5.3 -53.2 270.0 55.9 4878.0 317.3 0.054
SIGT 530.0 -7.7 -54.7 270.0 56.4 5212.0 318.3 0.046
SIGT 508.0 -10.7 -31.7 270.0 56.8 5540.0 318.6 0.532
MAND 500.0 -11.5 -33.5 270.0 56.9 5661.9 319.0 0.454
SIGW 491.5 -12.5 -34.0 270.0 56.9 5792.0 319.3 0.442
SIGW 472.2 -14.9 -35.0 270.0 61.8 6097.0 320.0 0.414
SIGT 471.0 -15.1 -35.1 270.0 62.1 6116.9 320.1 0.412
SIGT 411.0 -24.7 -34.7 270.0 79.5 7128.4 320.4 0.491
SIGT 403.0 -25.5 -36.5 270.0 82.0 7271.3 321.2 0.419
SIGW 400.5 -25.8 -38.5 270.0 82.8 7317.0 321.3 0.343
MAND 400.0 -25.9 -38.9 270.0 81.8 7325.5 321.3 0.330
SIGT 394.0 -26.1 -49.1 266.3 78.5 7434.9 322.5 0.112
SIGT 387.0 -27.1 -57.1 261.9 74.6 7564.4 322.8 0.050
SIGW 383.9 -27.6 -57.6 260.0 72.8 7621.0 322.9 0.048
SIGW 352.4 -32.6 -62.6 270.0 68.8 8231.0 324.2 0.031
SIGT 348.0 -33.3 -63.3 272.0 71.1 8320.6 324.4 -----
SIGT 328.0 -34.5 -73.5 281.0 82.0 8735.5 328.3 -----
SIGW 309.1 -38.7 -76.3 290.0 92.9 9146.0 328.1 -----
SIGT 301.0 -40.5 -77.5 294.4 97.3 9328.7 328.0 -----
MAND 300.0 -40.7 -77.7 295.0 97.9 9351.4 328.0 -----
SIGW 282.6 -42.1 -75.6 295.0 121.8 9756.0 331.7 -----
SIGT 280.0 -42.3 -75.3 295.0 122.3 9819.7 332.2 -----
MAND 250.0 -48.3 -67.3 295.0 127.8 10576.3 334.3 -----
MAXW 226.0 -54.2 -69.4 295.0 132.9 11232.1 335.0 -----
SIGT 225.0 -54.5 -69.5 295.0 132.9 11260.9 335.0 -----
SIGW 224.3 -54.6 -69.5 295.0 132.9 11280.0 335.1 -----
SIGT 211.0 -57.1 -70.1 295.0 124.2 11670.0 337.2 -----
SIGT 207.0 -57.3 -71.3 295.0 121.5 11791.1 338.7 -----
MAND 200.0 -59.1 -73.1 295.0 116.7 12007.8 339.2 -----
SIGT 197.0 -58.1 -73.1 293.3 112.7 12102.8 342.2 -----
SIGT 193.0 -58.7 -74.7 290.9 107.2 12231.9 343.3 -----
SIGT 191.0 -56.7 -73.7 289.7 104.4 12297.6 347.5 -----
SIGT 186.0 -53.9 -74.9 286.7 97.2 12467.0 354.7 -----
SIGW 168.1 -58.2 -82.8 275.0 69.9 13109.0 357.9 -----
SIGT 164.0 -59.3 -84.3 277.6 70.7 13265.7 358.7 -----
SIGT 155.0 -56.1 -84.6 283.4 72.4 13622.0 370.0 -----
SIGW 152.6 -56.8 -84.7 285.0 72.8 13719.0 370.5 -----
MAND 150.0 -57.5 -84.7 285.0 72.8 13829.9 371.0 -----
SIGT 148.0 -57.9 -84.7 282.5 69.8 13914.6 371.8 -----
SIGT 143.0 -57.3 -84.7 275.9 61.9 14131.7 376.5 -----
SIGT 139.0 -57.7 -84.7 270.5 55.4 14311.0 378.8 -----
SIGW 138.6 -57.5 -84.7 270.0 54.8 14329.0 379.6 -----
SIGT 137.0 -56.5 -84.7 271.2 52.6 14402.7 382.5 -----
SIGT 135.0 -56.5 -84.7 272.7 49.9 14496.1 384.2 -----
SIGT 133.0 -55.1 -84.7 274.3 47.1 14591.1 388.3 -----
SIGT 130.0 -54.5 -84.7 276.7 42.8 14737.1 391.9 -----
SIGW 125.9 -55.4 -84.7 280.0 36.9 14939.0 393.8 -----
SIGW 120.1 -56.8 -84.7 275.0 39.8 15243.0 396.7 -----
SIGT 118.0 -57.3 -84.7 276.8 43.1 15353.6 397.8 -----
SIGW 114.4 -57.6 -84.7 280.0 49.0 15548.0 400.8 -----
SIGT 110.0 -57.9 -84.7 280.0 43.1 15797.0 404.7 -----
SIGT 108.0 -57.3 -84.7 280.0 40.4 15912.9 408.0 -----
MAND 100.0 -59.5 -84.7 280.0 28.9 16397.2 412.8 -----
SIGT 94.4 -57.9 -84.7 273.3 26.6 16759.3 422.8 -----
SIGT 76.5 -61.7 -84.7 249.0 18.3 18073.7 441.1 -----
SIGW 73.9 -58.9 -84.7 245.0 16.9 18292.0 451.4 -----
SIGT 72.8 -57.7 -84.7 263.9 14.7 18383.7 455.8 -----
MAND 70.0 -58.5 -84.7 315.0 8.9 18630.9 459.3 -----
SIGW 67.0 -58.3 -84.7 215.0 1.9 18902.0 465.3 -----
SIGT 63.4 -58.1 -84.7 257.4 5.4 19254.3 473.3 -----
SIGW 58.0 -56.7 -84.7 325.0 10.9 19817.0 488.7 -----
SIGT 54.6 -55.7 -84.7 34.3 12.2 20201.2 499.5 -----
SIGW 50.2 -57.4 -84.7 130.0 14.0 20731.0 507.6 -----
MAND 50.0 -57.5 -84.7 145.0 10.9 20759.6 508.0 -----
SIGW 45.6 -58.6 -84.7 70.0 4.9 21341.0 519.0 -----
SIGT 44.4 -58.9 -84.7 69.1 6.9 21507.7 522.1 -----
SIGT 40.1 -56.1 -84.7 65.6 14.7 22151.4 544.6 -----
SIGW 39.4 -56.2 -84.7 65.0 15.9 22256.0 547.0 -----
SIGW 37.6 -56.4 -84.7 100.0 12.8 22560.0 554.0 -----
SIGW 35.8 -56.6 -84.7 80.0 15.0 22865.0 561.2 -----
SIGT 34.8 -56.7 -84.7 73.9 16.7 23051.7 565.6 -----
SIGW 34.2 -56.4 -84.7 70.0 17.9 23170.0 569.3 -----
SIGW 32.6 -55.7 -84.7 90.0 18.8 23475.0 579.0 -----
SIGW 31.0 -55.0 -84.7 60.0 15.9 23780.0 588.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -54.5 -84.7 70.0 15.9 23997.8 596.1 -----
SIGW 28.2 -53.3 -84.7 70.0 17.9 24390.0 609.9 -----
SIGT 26.8 -52.3 -84.7 81.0 21.7 24724.1 621.8 -----
SIGW 25.7 -52.2 -84.7 90.0 24.9 25000.0 629.7 -----
SIGW 23.4 -52.0 -84.7 110.0 22.9 25609.0 647.4 -----
SIGW 21.3 -51.8 -84.7 85.0 12.8 26219.0 665.7 -----
SIGW 20.3 -51.7 -84.7 60.0 15.9 26524.0 675.0 -----
MAND 20.0 -51.7 -84.7 60.0 16.9 26620.6 678.0 -----
SIGW 18.5 -50.0 -83.9 55.0 18.8 27134.0 698.7 -----
SIGW 17.6 -49.0 -83.4 65.0 22.0 27439.0 711.3 -----
SIGT 16.8 -47.9 -82.9 65.0 18.8 27761.7 724.8 -----
SIGW 16.1 -47.5 -82.5 65.0 15.9 28048.0 735.1 -----
SIGW 15.4 -47.1 -82.1 50.0 17.9 28353.0 746.2 -----
SIGW 13.4 -45.9 -80.9 80.0 15.9 29268.0 780.3 -----
SIGT 12.8 -45.5 -80.5 65.3 16.9 29566.0 791.8 -----
SIGW 12.8 -45.5 -80.5 65.0 16.9 29573.0 792.2 -----
SIGW 11.7 -42.7 -78.6 105.0 19.8 30182.0 822.9 -----
SIGT 11.6 -42.5 -78.5 104.4 19.8 30227.0 825.2 -----
SIGT 11.0 -43.3 -79.3 99.2 19.4 30585.3 834.9 -----
SIGT 10.4 -40.9 -77.9 93.8 19.1 30965.0 857.2 -----
MAND 10.0 -40.7 -77.7 90.0 18.8 31232.0 867.7 -----
SIGT 8.8 -38.7 -75.7 ----- ----- 32106.5 907.7 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 21 May 2019141
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 3.3 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 286.5 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 300.1 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.2 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 872 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 2.3 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 872 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 14.8 C
K Index (KI) = 7.9
Lifted Index (LI) = 17.3
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 139.1
Showalter Index (ShI) = 16.2
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 26.4
Precipitable Water (PW) = 15.1 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 18 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 303 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 7 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 328 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 328 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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