================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019017 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=104 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 1001.0 -12.7 -14.6 100.0 3.9 221.0 260.4 1.230 MAND 1000.0 -12.7 -14.7 105.0 3.9 228.6 260.5 1.221 SIGT 996.0 -12.7 -15.2 96.6 3.6 259.2 260.8 1.177 SIGT 991.0 -10.3 -13.6 85.9 3.2 297.9 263.5 1.349 SIGT 989.0 -10.1 -13.7 81.6 3.0 313.4 263.9 1.341 SIGW 951.6 -11.9 -15.5 0.0 0.0 609.0 264.9 1.197 MAND 925.0 -13.3 -16.9 310.0 1.9 826.3 265.7 1.100 SIGT 919.0 -13.7 -17.0 310.0 3.6 875.9 265.8 1.097 SIGW 914.4 -13.7 -17.2 310.0 4.9 914.0 266.2 1.085 SIGT 912.0 -13.7 -17.3 308.7 5.5 934.0 266.4 1.078 SIGT 899.0 -13.9 -25.9 301.5 9.1 1043.2 267.3 0.515 SIGT 883.0 -14.3 -35.3 292.6 13.7 1179.5 268.2 0.215 SIGW 878.4 -14.2 -36.3 290.0 15.0 1219.0 268.8 0.195 SIGT 875.0 -14.1 -37.1 290.6 15.3 1248.6 269.1 0.181 SIGT 861.0 -12.1 -42.1 293.0 16.7 1371.5 272.5 0.109 MAND 850.0 -12.1 -45.1 295.0 17.9 1469.9 273.5 0.080 SIGT 828.0 -11.7 -50.7 297.8 20.7 1670.6 276.0 0.046 SIGT 822.0 -11.3 -30.3 298.6 21.5 1726.4 277.0 0.375 SIGT 816.0 -11.3 -30.3 299.4 22.3 1782.6 277.5 0.378 SIGW 811.1 -11.5 -29.8 300.0 22.9 1829.0 277.8 0.400 SIGW 779.3 -12.9 -26.2 290.0 26.8 2134.0 279.5 0.576 SIGT 771.0 -13.3 -25.3 288.7 28.2 2216.3 279.9 0.634 SIGW 748.8 -12.3 -23.4 285.0 31.9 2439.0 283.4 0.773 SIGT 745.0 -12.1 -23.1 285.6 32.3 2478.2 284.0 0.800 SIGT 732.0 -12.7 -23.7 287.9 33.6 2612.8 284.8 0.771 SIGW 719.6 -12.6 -25.5 290.0 35.0 2743.0 286.2 0.666 MAND 700.0 -12.5 -28.5 285.0 42.9 2954.2 288.7 0.521 SIGT 685.0 -12.7 -31.7 285.0 44.3 3119.6 290.2 0.394 SIGT 666.0 -13.5 -34.5 285.0 46.2 3334.0 291.7 0.309 SIGT 643.0 -15.9 -20.0 285.0 48.5 3600.2 291.9 1.215 SIGT 640.0 -15.9 -20.9 285.0 48.8 3635.5 292.3 1.129 SIGW 638.1 -15.8 -22.7 285.0 49.0 3658.0 292.6 0.967 SIGT 631.0 -15.5 -29.5 283.6 50.6 3742.4 293.9 0.527 SIGT 622.0 -15.7 -31.7 281.8 52.6 3850.8 294.9 0.434 SIGW 612.8 -16.4 -31.6 280.0 54.8 3963.0 295.3 0.444 SIGT 599.0 -17.5 -31.5 282.8 55.4 4134.2 296.0 0.459 SIGT 592.0 -17.9 -27.9 284.2 55.8 4222.2 296.6 0.652 SIGW 588.4 -18.1 -23.6 285.0 55.9 4268.0 296.9 0.972 SIGT 588.0 -18.1 -23.1 284.9 55.9 4272.9 296.9 1.013 SIGT 584.0 -18.3 -22.8 284.1 55.6 4323.9 297.2 1.048 SIGT 555.0 -21.9 -23.9 277.9 53.0 4701.8 297.3 1.000 SIGT 552.0 -21.3 -23.8 277.2 52.8 4741.8 298.5 1.014 SIGT 549.0 -20.1 -26.1 276.6 52.5 4782.1 300.4 0.829 SIGW 541.9 -20.8 -27.6 275.0 51.9 4878.0 300.7 0.734 SIGT 531.0 -21.9 -29.9 275.0 51.9 5028.5 301.1 0.603 SIGW 520.0 -22.6 -36.4 275.0 51.9 5182.0 302.1 0.328 SIGT 503.0 -23.7 -46.7 279.2 59.4 5426.0 303.6 0.113 MAND 500.0 -24.1 -49.1 280.0 60.8 5469.7 303.7 0.088 SIGT 475.0 -26.3 -46.3 280.0 66.8 5842.3 305.4 0.125 SIGT 467.0 -27.1 -42.1 280.0 68.8 5965.0 305.9 0.202 SIGW 458.5 -28.1 -38.9 280.0 70.9 6097.0 306.3 0.289 SIGT 455.0 -28.5 -37.5 280.0 71.6 6152.2 306.5 0.335 SIGT 448.0 -29.5 -32.6 280.0 73.0 6263.1 306.6 0.553 SIGW 439.3 -30.7 -32.6 280.0 74.8 6402.0 306.8 0.564 SIGT 435.0 -31.3 -32.6 280.0 74.5 6472.7 306.9 0.569 SIGT 432.0 -31.7 -33.7 280.0 74.3 6521.7 307.0 0.515 SIGT 426.0 -31.9 -39.9 280.0 73.8 6620.6 307.9 0.279 SIGT 420.0 -32.7 -45.7 280.0 73.4 6720.7 308.2 0.151 MAND 400.0 -35.5 -53.5 280.0 71.9 7062.5 308.9 0.072 SIGT 93.9 -62.1 -74.0 275.8 52.4 16589.6 415.2 ----- SIGT 85.9 -59.7 -81.0 275.5 51.3 17143.4 430.7 ----- SIGT 81.3 -62.3 -83.3 275.4 50.6 17485.5 432.2 ----- SIGT 76.3 -61.7 -84.1 275.2 49.8 17878.3 441.4 ----- SIGW 71.4 -63.3 -84.4 275.0 49.0 18292.0 446.6 ----- SIGT 70.6 -63.5 -84.5 275.0 47.8 18357.3 447.5 ----- MAND 70.0 -63.1 -84.5 275.0 46.8 18409.7 449.4 ----- SIGW 67.9 -61.8 -84.5 270.0 37.9 18597.0 456.2 ----- SIGT 67.2 -61.3 -84.5 266.8 39.0 18662.1 458.6 ----- SIGW 64.6 -62.6 -84.5 255.0 42.9 18902.0 461.0 ----- SIGT 62.0 -63.9 -84.5 267.6 47.0 19158.9 463.5 ----- SIGW 61.5 -64.0 -84.5 270.0 47.8 19207.0 464.3 ----- SIGW 50.4 -66.6 -84.5 275.0 37.9 20426.0 485.6 ----- MAND 50.0 -66.7 -84.5 275.0 42.0 20469.0 486.3 ----- SIGW 43.2 -68.5 -84.5 290.0 31.9 21341.0 502.5 ----- SIGW 41.1 -69.1 -84.5 300.0 32.8 21646.0 508.3 ----- SIGT 40.5 -69.3 -84.5 289.7 33.5 21735.7 510.0 ----- SIGW 39.1 -68.8 -84.5 265.0 35.0 21951.0 516.5 ----- SIGT 34.3 -67.1 -84.5 267.4 34.4 22733.5 540.6 ----- SIGT 32.6 -64.3 -84.5 268.4 34.2 23042.5 556.0 ----- MAND 30.0 -66.5 -84.5 270.0 33.8 23548.5 563.4 ----- SIGW 27.5 -65.7 -84.5 260.0 39.8 24085.0 580.1 ----- SIGW 26.1 -65.2 -84.5 270.0 38.9 24390.0 589.8 ----- SIGT 25.8 -65.1 -84.5 271.2 37.3 24464.8 592.2 ----- SIGW 23.6 -65.4 -84.5 280.0 25.8 25000.0 606.3 ----- SIGW 22.5 -65.6 -84.5 265.0 23.9 25304.0 614.4 ----- SIGW 21.4 -65.8 -84.5 270.0 28.0 25609.0 622.7 ----- SIGW 20.3 -66.0 -84.5 230.0 18.8 25914.0 631.1 ----- MAND 20.0 -66.1 -84.5 260.0 22.9 26013.4 633.9 ----- SIGW 18.4 -65.8 -84.5 240.0 30.9 26524.0 650.2 ----- SIGT 17.8 -65.7 -84.5 242.2 37.3 26721.1 656.6 ----- SIGW 15.8 -61.8 -84.5 250.0 60.8 27439.0 691.8 ----- SIGT 15.8 -61.7 -84.5 250.2 61.0 27452.6 692.5 ----- SIGW 15.1 -61.5 -84.5 255.0 64.9 27743.0 702.6 ----- SIGW 14.4 -61.2 -84.5 270.0 62.9 28048.0 713.5 ----- SIGT 14.1 -61.1 -84.5 268.2 61.4 28158.9 717.4 ----- SIGT 13.0 -58.7 -84.5 259.9 54.3 28666.4 742.6 ----- SIGT 12.4 -54.3 -84.5 254.9 50.1 28966.4 768.2 ----- SIGT 11.9 -52.7 -84.5 250.6 46.4 29231.3 782.9 ----- SIGW 11.8 -51.2 -84.5 250.0 45.8 29268.0 789.4 ----- SIGT 11.8 -50.5 -84.5 249.9 46.0 29286.1 792.7 ----- SIGT 11.3 -51.1 -85.1 248.6 48.3 29568.2 800.4 ----- SIGT 10.7 -48.1 -82.1 247.0 51.2 29925.6 823.9 ----- MAND 10.0 -47.1 -82.1 245.0 54.8 30372.7 843.8 ----- SIGT 8.7 -47.5 -82.5 ----- ----- 31294.3 876.5 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 17 Jan 2019017 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -16.0 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 264.8 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 267.8 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.1 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 893 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -16.8 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 893 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = -4.0 C K Index (KI) = -49.1 Lifted Index (LI) = 29.6 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 96.6 Showalter Index (ShI) = 24.7 Total Totals Index (TTI) = -9.0 Precipitable Water (PW) = 3.6 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -128 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 272 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 309 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 400 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done