================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2017290 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS= 96 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 999.0 2.6 0.7 155.0 5.8 221.0 275.8 4.031 SIGT 991.0 4.8 -1.2 166.8 7.9 286.4 278.7 3.536 SIGT 979.0 8.4 -2.6 184.8 11.0 386.4 283.3 3.226 SIGT 976.0 8.8 -3.2 189.4 11.8 411.8 283.9 3.094 SIGW 952.9 7.2 -2.6 225.0 17.9 609.0 284.2 3.321 MAND 925.0 5.2 -1.8 235.0 15.9 853.3 284.6 3.625 SIGW 918.1 4.7 -1.5 240.0 15.9 914.0 284.7 3.728 SIGT 903.0 3.6 -0.9 248.9 16.4 1049.5 285.0 3.969 SIGW 884.2 2.3 -1.6 260.0 16.9 1219.0 285.4 3.850 SIGT 853.0 0.2 -2.8 283.8 23.6 1509.6 286.1 3.650 SIGW 851.5 0.0 -3.0 285.0 23.9 1524.0 286.1 3.615 MAND 850.0 -0.1 -3.1 280.0 23.9 1537.9 286.1 3.582 SIGW 819.5 -2.0 -5.4 280.0 29.9 1829.0 287.1 3.121 SIGT 808.0 -2.7 -6.3 283.7 29.2 1942.2 287.5 2.955 SIGT 802.0 -2.7 -7.7 285.7 28.8 2001.4 288.1 2.671 SIGT 796.0 -1.5 -15.5 287.6 28.4 2061.1 290.0 1.437 SIGW 788.8 -0.7 -23.6 290.0 28.0 2134.0 291.6 0.723 SIGT 783.0 -0.1 -30.1 289.0 27.0 2192.6 292.8 0.401 SIGW 759.1 -1.6 -29.3 285.0 22.9 2439.0 293.8 0.446 SIGT 742.0 -2.7 -28.7 282.0 20.5 2620.9 294.6 0.483 SIGW 730.7 -2.6 -35.4 280.0 18.8 2743.0 295.9 0.258 SIGT 704.0 -2.5 -51.5 284.3 26.8 3037.7 299.2 0.050 MAND 700.0 -2.9 -51.9 285.0 28.0 3082.9 299.3 0.049 SIGT 668.0 -4.7 -42.7 281.8 31.1 3452.2 301.3 0.132 SIGT 662.0 -5.1 -21.1 281.2 31.7 3523.2 301.6 1.073 SIGT 653.0 -5.7 -16.7 280.2 32.6 3630.6 302.1 1.585 SIGW 650.7 -5.9 -16.8 280.0 32.8 3658.0 302.2 1.577 SIGT 619.0 -8.3 -18.3 283.2 34.8 4048.0 303.8 1.461 SIGW 601.7 -8.5 -25.4 285.0 35.9 4268.0 306.1 0.808 SIGT 599.0 -8.5 -26.5 284.4 36.5 4303.0 306.4 0.733 SIGT 593.0 -8.7 -24.7 283.1 37.8 4381.1 307.1 0.871 SIGT 590.0 -8.9 -23.9 282.5 38.4 4420.4 307.3 0.941 SIGT 585.0 -9.3 -16.3 281.4 39.5 4486.3 307.6 1.830 SIGT 583.0 -9.5 -15.5 281.0 39.9 4512.8 307.7 1.963 SIGW 556.0 -11.3 -18.2 275.0 45.8 4878.0 309.7 1.642 SIGT 551.0 -11.7 -18.7 274.6 45.2 4947.5 310.1 1.586 SIGT 523.0 -14.9 -22.9 272.1 41.2 5344.9 310.9 1.160 SIGT 514.0 -14.9 -32.9 271.3 39.9 5476.4 312.4 0.468 SIGT 508.0 -15.3 -35.3 270.7 39.1 5565.2 313.0 0.374 MAND 500.0 -16.3 -35.3 270.0 37.9 5684.9 313.2 0.380 SIGW 473.1 -19.5 -39.1 280.0 39.8 6097.0 314.3 0.274 SIGT 458.0 -21.3 -41.3 281.0 41.0 6338.9 314.9 0.224 MAND 400.0 -29.7 -46.7 285.0 45.8 7321.6 316.4 0.142 SIGW 383.3 -32.2 -49.2 285.0 45.8 7621.0 317.0 0.114 SIGT 359.0 -36.1 -53.1 288.0 46.1 8082.9 317.8 0.083 SIGT 348.0 -38.3 -50.3 289.4 46.3 8298.1 317.6 0.113 SIGT 331.0 -41.3 -54.3 291.7 46.5 8640.5 318.1 0.078 SIGT 311.0 -45.3 -54.3 294.4 46.8 9060.3 318.2 0.083 SIGW 307.0 -46.0 -54.7 295.0 46.8 9146.0 318.4 0.081 MAND 300.0 -47.3 -55.3 295.0 45.8 9299.7 318.7 0.077 SIGT 296.0 -48.1 -55.1 297.9 45.8 9388.4 318.8 0.079 SIGW 293.2 -48.6 -56.1 300.0 45.8 9451.0 319.0 0.073 SIGT 281.0 -50.7 -60.7 296.0 48.3 9729.3 319.8 0.046 SIGT 272.0 -52.5 -62.5 292.9 50.1 9940.7 320.2 0.041 MAND 250.0 -54.5 -66.5 285.0 54.8 10483.5 325.1 ----- SIGW 231.5 -55.7 -70.0 275.0 54.8 10975.0 330.4 ----- TRO1 226.0 -56.1 -71.1 280.0 55.9 11127.7 332.1 ----- SIGT 221.0 -54.9 -70.9 279.1 55.4 11270.4 336.1 ----- SIGT 215.0 -55.3 -74.3 278.0 54.7 11446.3 338.1 ----- SIGT 210.0 -54.3 -75.3 277.0 54.1 11596.8 342.0 ----- MAND 200.0 -55.3 -79.3 275.0 52.8 11909.0 345.2 ----- SIGW 191.2 -55.8 -80.1 280.0 52.8 12195.0 348.9 ----- SIGW 173.7 -56.9 -82.0 265.0 54.8 12804.0 356.8 ----- SIGW 150.3 -58.5 -84.7 260.0 37.9 13719.0 369.1 ----- MAND 150.0 -58.5 -84.7 250.0 39.8 13731.8 369.3 ----- SIGW 129.9 -58.9 -84.7 260.0 55.9 14634.0 384.1 ----- SIGW 117.9 -59.2 -84.7 275.0 33.8 15243.0 394.3 ----- MAND 100.0 -59.7 -84.7 260.0 40.8 16274.9 412.4 ----- SIGT 85.4 -59.5 -84.7 260.0 29.4 17262.5 431.8 ----- SIGT 83.7 -58.1 -84.7 260.0 28.0 17388.7 437.2 ----- SIGT 78.9 -58.3 -84.7 260.0 23.7 17760.7 444.2 ----- SIGT 76.9 -56.5 -84.7 260.0 21.8 17923.0 451.2 ----- SIGT 72.0 -56.7 -84.7 260.0 17.0 18340.8 459.4 ----- MAND 70.0 -57.9 -84.7 260.0 15.0 18519.0 460.5 ----- SIGT 68.8 -58.5 -84.7 259.0 15.3 18627.9 461.5 ----- SIGT 57.3 -56.1 -84.7 248.1 19.1 19784.7 491.8 ----- MAND 50.0 -56.7 -84.7 240.0 22.0 20650.2 509.9 ----- SIGT 48.7 -56.1 -84.7 242.6 21.8 20817.5 515.2 ----- SIGT 46.1 -57.5 -84.7 247.9 21.6 21165.3 519.9 ----- SIGT 43.0 -54.9 -84.7 254.8 21.3 21607.8 536.8 ----- SIGT 38.8 -57.5 -84.7 264.8 20.9 22261.2 546.2 ----- SIGT 36.2 -55.1 -84.7 271.6 20.6 22701.9 563.4 ----- SIGT 32.9 -56.9 -84.7 281.0 20.2 23310.1 574.2 ----- SIGT 30.4 -56.9 -84.7 288.7 19.9 23810.9 587.3 ----- MAND 30.0 -56.3 -84.7 290.0 19.8 23894.9 591.2 ----- SIGT 28.8 -55.3 -84.7 288.0 19.7 24154.9 600.9 ----- SIGT 25.0 -56.9 -84.7 281.0 19.4 25054.8 621.1 ----- SIGT 24.0 -53.9 -84.7 279.0 19.3 25315.3 637.1 ----- SIGT 21.6 -54.7 -84.7 273.8 19.0 25990.9 654.2 ----- MAND 20.0 -53.3 -84.7 270.0 18.8 26485.1 673.1 ----- SIGT 16.0 -54.3 -84.7 270.0 27.5 27919.3 714.1 ----- SIGT 13.7 -51.7 -84.7 270.0 33.6 28920.4 755.4 ----- SIGT 12.9 -54.1 -84.7 270.0 35.9 29308.7 760.2 ----- SIGT 11.4 -55.1 -84.7 270.0 40.7 30100.3 784.0 ----- SIGT 10.9 -51.7 -84.7 270.0 42.5 30389.1 806.5 ----- MAND 10.0 -50.3 -84.3 270.0 45.8 30950.1 831.8 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 17 Oct 2017290 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -1.9 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 283.4 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 292.7 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 3.5 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 839 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -3.6 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = ----- Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 13.8 C K Index (KI) = -35.9 Lifted Index (LI) = 17.9 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 85.7 Showalter Index (ShI) = 15.7 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 29.4 Precipitable Water (PW) = 9.6 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 101 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 296 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 319 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 307 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done