================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018077 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=112 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 990.0 -5.5 -9.1 220.0 5.8 221.0 268.4 1.938 SIGT 981.0 -6.1 -12.1 220.9 6.0 292.6 268.5 1.540 SIGT 969.0 -5.5 -15.5 222.2 6.3 389.1 270.1 1.180 SIGT 956.0 -6.1 -18.1 223.5 6.7 495.0 270.5 0.961 SIGW 942.1 -7.0 -19.4 225.0 7.0 609.0 270.8 0.871 MAND 925.0 -8.1 -21.1 255.0 7.0 752.1 271.0 0.767 SIGW 905.9 -9.4 -21.6 320.0 15.9 914.0 271.4 0.752 SIGT 901.0 -9.7 -21.7 320.7 17.3 955.7 271.4 0.748 SIGT 894.0 -9.5 -21.5 321.7 19.2 1016.0 272.2 0.767 SIGT 885.0 -7.9 -25.9 323.0 21.8 1094.4 274.7 0.523 SIGT 882.0 -7.7 -25.7 323.4 22.6 1120.8 275.2 0.535 SIGT 877.0 -7.3 -18.3 324.1 24.1 1165.1 276.0 1.030 SIGT 872.0 -6.7 -19.7 324.8 25.5 1209.7 277.1 0.919 SIGW 871.0 -6.8 -19.4 325.0 25.8 1219.0 277.1 0.948 SIGT 857.0 -7.7 -14.7 325.0 28.5 1345.0 277.4 1.426 MAND 850.0 -7.5 -17.5 325.0 29.9 1408.9 278.3 1.138 SIGT 845.0 -7.5 -16.5 325.0 31.0 1454.9 278.8 1.245 SIGT 838.0 -7.7 -21.7 325.0 32.5 1519.6 279.2 0.804 SIGT 820.0 -8.9 -19.9 325.0 36.5 1688.2 279.7 0.961 SIGT 814.0 -8.7 -16.7 325.0 37.8 1745.1 280.5 1.271 SIGW 805.2 -8.8 -18.1 325.0 39.8 1829.0 281.3 1.142 SIGT 794.0 -8.9 -19.9 325.0 40.9 1938.0 282.3 0.992 SIGT 785.0 -9.3 -15.3 325.0 41.8 2026.2 282.8 1.481 SIGW 774.1 -9.6 -14.9 325.0 42.9 2134.0 283.6 1.554 SIGT 769.0 -9.7 -14.7 324.2 43.4 2185.5 284.0 1.589 SIGT 748.0 -11.1 -19.1 320.7 45.5 2398.8 284.8 1.129 SIGW 744.1 -10.7 -15.9 320.0 45.8 2439.0 285.6 1.492 SIGT 742.0 -10.5 -14.1 320.0 46.5 2460.8 286.1 1.731 SIGT 738.0 -10.7 -13.1 320.0 47.7 2502.4 286.3 1.889 SIGT 718.0 -10.9 -12.8 320.0 53.9 2713.9 288.3 1.989 SIGW 715.3 -11.1 -12.9 320.0 54.8 2743.0 288.4 1.973 MAND 700.0 -12.5 -13.8 320.0 57.9 2908.6 288.7 1.881 SIGT 689.0 -13.5 -14.6 320.0 68.3 3029.5 288.9 1.789 SIGW 687.3 -13.2 -15.0 320.0 69.9 3048.0 289.4 1.732 SIGT 687.0 -13.1 -15.1 320.0 69.9 3051.6 289.5 1.722 SIGT 680.0 -11.1 -20.1 319.3 68.8 3130.0 292.6 1.139 SIGT 677.0 -10.1 -18.1 319.0 68.4 3164.1 294.1 1.358 SIGT 671.0 -9.9 -14.9 318.5 67.5 3232.8 295.1 1.792 SIGT 664.0 -9.5 -16.5 317.8 66.4 3313.8 296.4 1.585 SIGT 660.0 -9.3 -21.3 317.4 65.8 3360.5 297.2 1.058 SIGT 656.0 -9.1 -19.1 317.1 65.1 3407.6 297.9 1.287 SIGT 649.0 -9.5 -16.5 316.4 64.0 3490.6 298.4 1.622 SIGW 635.1 -10.3 -24.7 315.0 61.8 3658.0 299.3 0.815 SIGT 632.0 -10.5 -26.5 314.7 61.6 3695.4 299.5 0.694 SIGT 616.0 -11.7 -24.7 313.1 60.7 3892.4 300.3 0.838 SIGT 606.0 -11.5 -34.5 312.1 60.1 4017.9 302.0 0.340 SIGW 586.4 -13.1 -38.2 310.0 58.9 4268.0 302.9 0.243 SIGT 559.0 -15.5 -43.5 310.0 60.6 4632.2 304.3 0.145 SIGW 540.9 -17.4 -43.8 310.0 61.8 4878.0 304.9 0.146 SIGT 505.0 -21.3 -44.3 318.7 63.6 5390.5 306.2 0.147 MAND 500.0 -21.7 -40.7 320.0 63.9 5463.9 306.6 0.219 SIGT 484.0 -23.9 -34.9 318.1 65.7 5702.5 306.8 0.409 SIGT 460.0 -25.9 -41.9 315.2 68.6 6072.6 308.7 0.209 SIGW 458.4 -26.1 -42.4 315.0 68.8 6097.0 308.8 0.200 SIGT 442.0 -28.3 -47.3 316.4 68.8 6360.4 309.3 0.121 SIGT 408.0 -33.3 -49.3 319.3 68.8 6928.8 310.0 0.106 MAND 400.0 -34.3 -49.3 320.0 68.8 7067.7 310.4 0.108 SIGW 368.8 -38.9 -53.6 320.0 74.8 7621.0 311.6 0.077 MAXW 358.0 -40.6 -55.1 320.0 76.9 7822.3 312.0 0.065 SIGW 352.6 -41.5 -55.9 320.0 76.9 7926.0 312.2 0.062 SIGT 316.0 -47.7 -61.7 320.0 72.8 8671.2 313.4 0.038 MAND 300.0 -49.9 -63.9 320.0 70.9 9012.8 315.0 ----- SIGW 293.9 -51.0 -65.0 315.0 72.8 9146.0 315.3 ----- SIGT 280.0 -53.7 -67.7 313.5 71.0 9460.3 315.8 ----- SIGT 252.0 -58.1 -71.1 310.2 67.1 10131.0 319.0 ----- MAND 250.0 -58.1 -70.1 310.0 66.8 10181.2 319.7 ----- SIGT 241.0 -59.1 -70.1 310.0 67.3 10411.7 321.6 ----- SIGT 220.0 -59.9 -70.9 310.0 68.4 10982.4 328.8 ----- TRO1 214.0 -60.9 -71.9 310.0 68.8 11154.8 329.9 ----- SIGT 206.0 -59.3 -72.3 304.4 65.5 11392.6 336.0 ----- SIGT 204.0 -57.7 -71.7 303.0 64.7 11454.0 339.5 ----- MAND 200.0 -56.7 -72.7 300.0 62.9 11579.3 343.0 ----- SIGT 197.0 -53.9 -71.9 300.4 63.0 11675.8 348.9 ----- SIGT 191.0 -53.1 -75.1 301.2 63.2 11874.8 353.3 ----- SIGT 179.0 -53.3 ----- 302.9 63.5 12293.0 359.6 ----- SIGT 167.0 -53.3 ----- 304.7 63.9 12740.0 366.8 ----- SIGW 165.4 -53.0 ----- 305.0 63.9 12804.0 368.3 ----- SIGT 161.0 -52.3 ----- 305.0 62.0 12976.3 372.4 ----- SIGT 157.0 -52.9 ----- 305.0 60.2 13138.9 374.0 ----- MAND 150.0 -51.9 ----- 305.0 56.9 13433.9 380.7 ----- SIGW 143.6 -51.2 ----- 310.0 42.9 13719.0 386.7 ----- SIGT 141.0 -50.9 ----- 309.2 42.4 13835.9 389.2 ----- SIGT 132.0 -51.9 ----- 306.5 40.6 14264.5 394.8 ----- MAND 100.0 -57.3 ----- 295.0 32.8 16042.4 417.0 ----- SIGT 86.6 -59.3 ----- 307.1 29.2 16948.1 430.5 ----- SIGT 82.1 -57.7 ----- 311.6 27.9 17283.7 440.4 ----- SIGT 77.2 -59.7 ----- 316.8 26.3 17670.4 444.1 ----- SIGT 73.3 -57.3 ----- 321.1 25.0 17996.5 455.8 ----- MAND 70.0 -58.5 ----- 325.0 23.9 18287.0 459.3 ----- SIGT 68.0 -59.1 ----- 321.2 23.5 18469.1 461.8 ----- SIGT 57.9 -55.9 ----- 299.7 21.6 19485.1 490.7 ----- SIGT 51.5 -57.3 ----- 284.0 20.2 20228.3 504.2 ----- SIGT 50.4 -55.3 ----- 281.1 19.9 20365.5 512.0 ----- MAND 50.0 -55.3 ----- 280.0 19.8 20416.4 513.2 ----- SIGT 48.6 -56.3 ----- 277.0 19.4 20597.2 515.0 ----- SIGT 46.8 -54.3 ----- 272.9 18.9 20838.2 525.4 ----- SIGT 42.8 -56.5 ----- 263.3 17.7 21408.2 533.6 ----- SIGT 38.1 -54.1 ----- 250.8 16.1 22150.7 557.7 ----- MAND 30.0 -54.7 ----- 225.0 12.8 23682.8 595.5 ----- SIGT 28.9 -55.9 ----- 227.8 12.6 23921.2 598.6 ----- SIGT 25.7 -53.9 ----- 236.4 12.1 24671.7 624.8 ----- SIGT 22.6 -55.9 ----- 245.9 11.5 25493.7 642.3 ----- SIGT 21.6 -53.3 ----- 249.3 11.2 25783.5 658.4 ----- SIGT 20.2 -54.5 ----- 254.3 10.9 26214.0 667.5 ----- MAND 20.0 -54.3 ----- 255.0 10.9 26277.8 670.0 ----- SIGT 15.7 -53.5 ----- 255.0 13.0 27832.9 720.6 ----- SIGT 14.9 -54.9 ----- 255.0 13.4 28168.5 726.8 ----- SIGT 14.3 -51.3 ----- 255.0 13.8 28433.5 747.6 ----- SIGT 13.6 -49.7 ----- 255.0 14.2 28760.9 763.8 ----- SIGT 10.5 -50.9 ----- 255.0 16.5 30450.1 818.1 ----- MAND 10.0 -49.9 ----- 255.0 16.9 30768.6 833.3 ----- SIGT 7.3 -48.9 ----- ----- ----- 32831.9 915.9 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 18 Mar 2018077 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -18.4 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 270.6 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 273.2 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.0 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 788 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -20.3 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 788 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 1.4 C K Index (KI) = -4.6 Lifted Index (LI) = 27.6 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 123.8 Showalter Index (ShI) = 21.0 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 18.4 Precipitable Water (PW) = 5.1 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -178 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 278 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 313 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 316 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done