================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019022 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=169 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 1010.0 -15.9 -17.4 145.0 3.9 221.0 256.5 0.965 SIGT 1003.0 -13.7 -15.7 155.5 3.2 273.7 259.2 1.121 MAND 1000.0 -13.5 -15.7 160.0 2.9 296.5 259.7 1.124 SIGT 996.0 -13.3 -15.9 169.8 3.2 327.0 260.2 1.110 SIGW 959.7 -14.9 -16.6 260.0 5.8 609.0 261.3 1.084 SIGT 956.0 -15.1 -16.7 263.1 6.3 638.2 261.4 1.082 SIGT 946.0 -15.1 -18.1 271.7 7.4 717.8 262.2 0.971 SIGT 932.0 -13.7 -21.7 283.8 9.1 830.9 264.7 0.723 MAND 925.0 -12.9 -20.9 290.0 9.9 888.3 266.1 0.781 SIGT 922.0 -12.5 -21.5 290.0 9.9 913.1 266.8 0.744 SIGW 921.9 -12.5 -21.6 290.0 9.9 914.0 266.8 0.736 SIGT 914.0 -11.7 -30.7 296.5 8.2 979.8 268.3 0.325 SIGT 913.0 -11.7 -30.7 297.3 8.0 988.2 268.4 0.325 SIGT 904.0 -11.5 -28.5 304.8 6.0 1064.1 269.3 0.404 SIGT 891.0 -10.9 -41.9 315.7 3.1 1175.3 271.1 0.108 SIGT 888.0 -10.9 -43.9 318.3 2.4 1201.2 271.3 0.087 SIGW 885.9 -10.9 -43.8 320.0 1.9 1219.0 271.5 0.088 SIGT 868.0 -10.9 -42.9 332.9 1.4 1376.3 273.1 0.100 SIGT 859.0 -11.3 -43.3 339.5 1.2 1456.3 273.5 0.096 SIGT 858.0 -11.3 -43.3 340.2 1.2 1465.3 273.6 0.096 SIGT 853.0 -11.5 -31.5 343.9 1.0 1510.1 273.8 0.323 SIGW 851.5 -11.6 -31.1 345.0 1.0 1524.0 273.9 0.336 MAND 850.0 -11.7 -30.7 330.0 1.9 1537.1 273.9 0.349 SIGT 844.0 -12.1 -29.1 330.0 3.2 1591.3 274.0 0.409 SIGT 828.0 -12.7 -30.7 330.0 6.7 1737.6 274.9 0.359 SIGW 818.2 -12.4 -36.1 330.0 8.9 1829.0 276.2 0.214 SIGT 816.0 -12.3 -37.3 328.7 9.1 1849.1 276.5 0.191 SIGT 795.0 -12.1 -30.1 315.6 11.0 2048.5 278.8 0.395 SIGT 788.0 -11.7 -31.7 311.2 11.7 2116.2 279.9 0.343 SIGW 786.2 -11.8 -31.9 310.0 11.8 2134.0 280.0 0.336 SIGW 755.4 -13.0 -35.9 295.0 18.8 2439.0 281.9 0.238 SIGT 743.0 -13.5 -37.5 295.0 20.9 2565.2 282.7 0.205 SIGW 725.8 -13.5 -43.0 295.0 23.9 2743.0 284.6 0.118 SIGT 715.0 -13.5 -46.5 297.1 26.4 2857.5 285.8 0.081 MAND 700.0 -14.1 -47.1 300.0 29.9 3018.6 286.9 0.078 SIGT 678.0 -15.3 -55.3 300.0 33.7 3260.4 288.2 0.034 SIGT 667.0 -15.5 -57.5 300.0 35.6 3384.0 289.3 0.028 SIGT 662.0 -15.3 -27.3 300.0 36.5 3440.8 290.1 0.616 SIGT 657.0 -15.5 -27.5 300.0 37.3 3498.1 290.6 0.609 SIGT 652.0 -15.7 -29.7 300.0 38.2 3555.8 291.0 0.500 SIGW 643.2 -16.2 -28.9 300.0 39.8 3658.0 291.5 0.547 SIGT 639.0 -16.5 -28.5 300.8 41.6 3707.5 291.7 0.571 SIGT 636.0 -16.1 -29.1 301.4 42.9 3742.9 292.6 0.543 SIGT 631.0 -15.9 -24.9 302.4 45.1 3802.4 293.5 0.804 SIGW 617.7 -16.1 -21.1 305.0 50.9 3963.0 295.0 1.150 SIGT 617.0 -16.1 -20.9 305.1 50.8 3971.6 295.1 1.172 SIGW 593.1 -17.3 -22.2 310.0 47.8 4268.0 297.1 1.088 SIGT 577.0 -18.1 -23.1 310.0 50.9 4474.8 298.5 1.033 SIGT 576.0 -18.1 -23.1 310.0 51.1 4487.8 298.6 1.035 SIGT 557.0 -19.1 -28.1 310.0 54.8 4738.1 300.3 0.680 SIGT 548.0 -19.7 -27.7 310.0 56.6 4859.3 301.0 0.717 SIGW 546.6 -19.7 -27.7 310.0 56.9 4878.0 301.3 0.719 SIGT 546.0 -19.7 -27.7 310.1 56.9 4886.4 301.4 0.720 SIGT 539.0 -19.7 -29.7 310.8 56.4 4982.3 302.5 0.605 SIGT 529.0 -20.7 -33.7 311.8 55.8 5121.1 302.9 0.421 SIGT 528.0 -20.9 -33.9 312.0 55.7 5135.1 302.8 0.413 SIGT 522.0 -20.9 -47.9 312.6 55.3 5219.6 303.8 0.096 SIGT 521.0 -20.9 -50.9 312.7 55.2 5233.8 304.0 0.072 SIGT 515.0 -21.3 -63.3 313.4 54.8 5319.3 304.5 ----- MAND 500.0 -23.5 -65.5 315.0 53.8 5536.5 304.4 ----- SIGW 462.7 -28.3 -51.8 310.0 55.9 6097.0 305.2 0.1 SIGT 460.0 -28.7 -50.7 309.3 56.8 6140.1 305.3 0.1 SIGT 454.0 -29.1 -46.1 307.8 58.6 6234.1 305.9 0.1 SIGT 446.0 -29.9 -50.9 305.7 61.0 6361.0 306.5 0.1 SIGW 443.4 -30.3 -50.4 305.0 61.8 6402.0 306.5 0.1 SIGT 432.0 -31.9 -47.9 305.0 65.3 6587.4 306.7 0.1 SIGT 423.0 -32.9 -42.9 305.0 68.2 6735.9 307.3 0.2 SIGT 415.0 -33.7 -39.7 305.0 70.8 6870.2 307.9 0.3 SIGT 414.0 -33.7 -38.7 305.0 71.1 6887.1 308.2 0.3 SIGT 408.0 -34.9 -39.3 305.0 73.1 6989.3 307.9 0.3 SIGT 402.0 -35.7 -40.7 305.0 75.1 7092.5 308.2 0.3 MAND 400.0 -35.9 -40.9 305.0 75.8 7127.2 308.3 0.3 SIGT 385.0 -36.3 -43.3 302.3 83.3 7392.8 311.2 0.2 SIGW 372.5 -37.8 -42.9 300.0 89.7 7621.0 312.1 0.2 SIGT 372.0 -37.9 -42.9 300.0 89.9 7630.4 312.2 0.2 SIGT 366.0 -38.3 -45.3 300.0 92.1 7742.4 313.1 0.2 SIGW 356.3 -39.8 -46.0 300.0 95.8 7926.0 313.5 0.2 SIGT 353.0 -40.3 -46.3 299.7 96.3 7990.2 313.6 0.2 SIGT 328.0 -44.3 -54.3 297.6 100.7 8487.1 314.8 0.1 SIGT 319.0 -45.9 -55.9 296.8 102.3 8673.0 315.1 0.1 SIGT 309.0 -47.9 -54.9 295.8 104.2 8884.2 315.2 0.1 MAND 300.0 -49.7 -55.7 295.0 105.9 9078.5 315.3 0.1 SIGT 299.0 -49.9 -55.9 295.0 105.9 9100.4 315.3 0.1 SIGW 296.9 -50.3 -56.3 295.0 105.9 9146.0 315.4 0.1 SIGT 272.0 -55.3 -61.3 295.0 113.3 9712.0 316.1 0.0 SIGW 270.1 -55.6 -61.8 295.0 113.8 9756.0 316.4 0.0 TRO1 263.0 -56.7 -63.7 300.0 117.7 9926.1 317.2 ----- MAND 250.0 -55.5 -64.5 295.0 127.8 10248.5 323.6 ----- SIGT 238.0 -55.1 -68.1 295.0 146.5 10562.5 328.8 ----- SIGW 234.0 -55.8 -68.4 295.0 152.9 10670.0 329.3 ----- SIGT 229.0 -56.7 -68.7 295.0 152.9 10807.9 330.0 ----- MAXW 228.0 -56.7 -68.7 295.0 152.9 10835.6 330.4 ----- SIGT 221.0 -56.5 -68.5 297.4 144.5 11033.5 333.6 ----- SIGT 212.0 -58.3 -71.3 300.6 133.3 11296.3 334.8 ----- SIGT 201.0 -58.7 -73.7 304.6 119.0 11631.5 339.3 ----- MAND 200.0 -58.9 -74.9 305.0 117.7 11662.8 339.5 ----- SIGW 183.6 -61.8 -78.7 300.0 95.8 12195.0 343.2 ----- SIGT 181.0 -62.3 -79.3 298.3 97.3 12284.5 343.8 ----- SIGT 169.0 -62.5 -80.5 290.0 104.4 12708.1 350.3 ----- TRO2 162.0 -64.5 -82.5 285.0 108.8 12967.9 351.2 ----- SIGT 160.0 -63.7 -81.7 287.7 108.8 13044.0 353.8 ----- SIGW 158.3 -61.7 -81.4 290.0 108.8 13109.0 358.2 ----- SIGT 158.0 -61.3 -81.3 289.8 108.0 13121.7 359.1 ----- SIGT 151.0 -60.9 -82.9 285.6 91.2 13403.2 364.5 ----- MAND 150.0 -59.3 -82.3 285.0 88.8 13444.7 367.9 ----- SIGT 149.0 -58.7 -81.7 285.2 88.0 13486.7 369.7 ----- SIGT 147.0 -57.3 -82.3 285.7 86.3 13571.9 373.5 ----- SIGT 145.0 -57.1 -83.1 286.2 84.7 13658.6 375.3 ----- SIGT 137.0 -59.5 -83.6 288.2 77.9 14015.8 377.2 ----- SIGW 130.3 -60.1 -83.7 290.0 71.9 14329.0 381.7 ----- SIGT 130.0 -60.1 -83.7 289.8 72.4 14343.7 381.9 ----- SIGT 127.0 -59.7 -83.7 287.4 77.6 14489.6 385.1 ----- SIGW 124.1 -57.4 -83.7 285.0 82.8 14634.0 391.9 ----- SIGT 124.0 -57.3 -83.7 285.0 82.6 14640.0 392.2 ----- SIGT 114.0 -58.1 -83.7 285.0 70.4 15170.8 400.2 ----- SIGW 112.7 -57.7 -83.7 285.0 68.8 15243.0 402.2 ----- SIGT 109.0 -56.7 -83.7 283.6 63.3 15454.3 408.0 ----- SIGT 108.0 -57.1 -83.7 283.2 61.8 15512.7 408.3 ----- SIGT 105.0 -54.9 -83.7 282.1 57.1 15692.0 415.8 ----- SIGT 103.0 -54.9 -83.7 281.2 53.9 15814.9 418.1 ----- SIGT 102.0 -53.7 -83.7 280.8 52.3 15877.5 421.6 ----- MAND 100.0 -53.5 -83.7 280.0 49.0 16004.9 424.4 ----- SIGT 98.6 -52.5 -83.7 278.8 50.6 16095.8 428.0 ----- SIGW 88.8 -54.5 -83.7 270.0 62.9 16768.0 437.0 ----- SIGT 87.1 -54.9 -83.7 270.4 62.5 16893.3 438.7 ----- SIGT 85.6 -52.5 -83.7 270.8 62.1 17005.0 445.7 ----- SIGT 84.4 -52.5 -83.7 271.1 61.8 17096.3 447.5 ----- MAND 70.0 -62.1 -83.7 275.0 57.9 18279.4 451.6 ----- SIGT 63.0 -65.3 -83.7 254.1 49.5 18926.0 458.3 ----- SIGT 62.1 -64.1 -83.7 251.2 48.4 19013.9 462.9 ----- SIGW 60.2 -65.1 -83.7 245.0 45.8 19207.0 464.8 ----- SIGT 57.6 -66.5 -83.7 249.3 28.5 19472.1 467.5 ----- SIGW 57.2 -66.3 -83.7 250.0 25.8 19512.0 468.9 ----- SIGW 54.4 -64.4 -83.7 260.0 28.9 19817.0 480.0 ----- SIGT 54.0 -64.1 -83.7 260.0 29.0 19865.1 481.7 ----- MAND 50.0 -65.7 -83.7 260.0 29.9 20334.7 488.7 ----- SIGT 43.1 -68.5 -83.7 264.5 41.5 21231.3 503.0 ----- SIGW 42.3 -68.3 -83.7 265.0 42.9 21341.0 506.0 ----- SIGT 39.2 -67.7 -83.7 272.5 36.0 21801.2 518.9 ----- SIGW 38.2 -68.5 -83.7 275.0 33.8 21951.0 520.6 ----- SIGT 37.7 -68.9 -83.7 283.3 31.6 22035.4 521.6 ----- SIGT 36.6 -67.5 -83.7 300.8 27.0 22213.2 529.7 ----- SIGW 36.3 -67.5 -83.7 305.0 25.8 22256.0 530.8 ----- SIGW 32.9 -67.1 -83.7 285.0 17.9 22865.0 547.4 ----- SIGW 31.2 -66.9 -83.7 235.0 22.9 23170.0 555.9 ----- MAND 30.0 -66.7 -83.7 245.0 25.8 23413.8 562.8 ----- SIGT 28.7 -66.3 -83.7 245.0 34.7 23682.0 571.1 ----- SIGW 28.2 -65.7 -83.7 245.0 37.9 23780.0 575.4 ----- SIGT 27.2 -64.3 -83.7 248.8 33.4 24008.9 585.6 ----- SIGW 26.9 -63.2 -83.7 250.0 31.9 24085.0 590.8 ----- SIGT 26.5 -61.9 -83.7 250.0 33.5 24169.4 596.7 ----- SIGW 25.6 -61.2 -83.7 250.0 37.9 24390.0 604.8 ----- SIGT 25.2 -60.9 -83.7 251.0 36.5 24481.5 608.2 ----- SIGW 22.1 -62.5 -83.7 260.0 23.9 25304.0 627.0 ----- MAND 20.0 -63.7 -83.7 270.0 40.8 25909.4 641.2 ----- SIGT 17.3 -65.5 -83.7 260.4 27.3 26795.6 662.6 ----- SIGW 17.2 -65.2 -83.7 260.0 26.8 26829.0 664.6 ----- SIGW 15.6 -59.6 -83.7 260.0 40.8 27439.0 702.0 ----- SIGT 15.5 -59.3 -83.7 261.7 42.0 27474.0 704.2 ----- SIGW 14.9 -58.9 -83.7 275.0 50.9 27743.0 714.2 ----- SIGW 14.1 -58.5 -83.7 290.0 44.9 28048.0 725.7 ----- SIGT 13.6 -58.1 -83.7 277.8 37.6 28295.8 735.1 ----- SIGW 13.5 -57.4 -83.7 275.0 35.9 28353.0 739.5 ----- SIGT 13.0 -54.5 -83.7 265.0 39.7 28582.5 757.1 ----- SIGW 11.7 -53.7 -83.7 235.0 50.9 29268.0 783.3 ----- SIGW 11.1 -53.4 -83.7 250.0 54.8 29573.0 795.3 ----- SIGT 11.0 -53.3 -83.7 250.0 54.3 29655.7 798.6 ----- SIGT 10.3 -49.7 -83.7 250.0 52.0 30082.7 827.0 ----- MAND 10.0 -49.5 -83.5 250.0 50.9 30276.3 834.8 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 22 Jan 2019022 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -18.7 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 262.3 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 264.7 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 0.9 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 887 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -19.7 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 887 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = -1.7 C K Index (KI) = -51.9 Lifted Index (LI) = 32.7 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 57.7 Showalter Index (ShI) = 24.4 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 4.6 Precipitable Water (PW) = 2.8 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -36 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 273 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 315 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 309 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done