================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2020298 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=147 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 992.0 7.0 4.5 275.0 9.9 221.0 280.8 5.331 SIGT 988.0 6.6 2.6 278.0 10.4 254.2 280.7 4.676 SIGT 976.0 5.6 1.6 287.0 12.0 354.5 280.7 4.405 SIGW 946.0 3.2 1.4 310.0 15.9 609.0 280.8 4.469 SIGT 938.0 2.6 1.3 313.8 15.9 678.0 280.9 4.486 MAND 925.0 1.8 0.2 320.0 15.9 790.9 281.2 4.200 SIGT 912.0 0.8 -0.2 320.0 15.0 905.0 281.3 4.137 SIGW 911.0 0.7 -0.3 320.0 15.0 914.0 281.3 4.125 SIGW 876.9 -1.4 -2.1 320.0 12.8 1219.0 282.1 3.737 SIGT 870.0 -1.9 -2.5 314.9 14.1 1282.5 282.3 3.660 SIGT 860.0 -2.3 -5.1 307.5 16.0 1374.5 282.8 3.043 MAND 850.0 -1.9 -6.4 300.0 17.9 1467.5 284.2 2.787 SIGT 824.0 -0.1 -3.5 279.4 24.0 1715.7 288.6 3.586 SIGT 818.0 -0.1 -4.4 274.5 25.5 1774.3 289.2 3.375 SIGW 812.5 0.4 -2.4 270.0 26.8 1829.0 290.3 3.952 SIGT 810.0 0.6 -1.5 270.0 27.7 1853.3 290.8 4.236 SIGT 805.0 0.6 -3.4 270.0 29.5 1903.0 291.3 3.699 SIGT 801.0 0.6 -8.4 270.0 30.9 1943.1 291.7 2.532 SIGT 797.0 1.4 -16.6 270.0 32.4 1983.3 293.0 1.309 SIGT 791.0 2.6 -19.4 270.0 34.6 2044.3 294.9 1.040 SIGT 785.0 3.0 -22.0 270.0 36.9 2105.9 296.0 0.836 SIGW 782.3 3.1 -20.5 270.0 37.9 2134.0 296.4 0.953 SIGT 775.0 3.4 -16.6 267.5 38.9 2209.8 297.5 1.346 SIGT 769.0 3.4 -8.6 265.4 39.7 2272.8 298.1 2.597 SIGW 753.4 2.5 -9.5 260.0 42.0 2439.0 299.0 2.476 SIGT 751.0 2.4 -9.6 259.6 42.6 2464.7 299.1 2.458 SIGT 744.0 2.4 -5.6 258.3 44.3 2540.5 299.9 3.388 SIGW 725.5 0.7 -4.3 255.0 49.0 2743.0 300.2 3.837 SIGT 720.0 0.2 -3.9 255.0 48.3 2804.7 300.3 3.985 SIGT 719.0 0.4 -4.6 255.0 48.2 2815.9 300.6 3.785 SIGT 714.0 1.6 -12.4 255.0 47.6 2872.1 302.5 2.066 SIGT 711.0 2.0 -19.0 255.0 47.2 2906.0 303.4 1.198 MAND 700.0 1.2 -24.8 255.0 45.8 3031.6 303.8 0.731 SIGT 692.0 0.6 -44.4 255.0 46.1 3123.9 304.2 0.106 SIGT 681.0 -0.3 -49.3 255.0 46.5 3252.3 304.6 0.064 SIGT 664.0 1.2 -47.8 255.0 47.2 3454.9 308.4 0.076 SIGW 647.4 0.4 -48.6 255.0 47.8 3658.0 309.8 0.072 SIGT 643.0 0.2 -48.8 254.1 47.9 3712.8 310.2 0.071 SIGW 599.5 -3.9 -36.7 245.0 49.0 4268.0 311.7 0.275 SIGT 587.0 -5.1 -33.1 246.4 50.6 4435.7 312.2 0.402 SIGT 575.0 -5.1 -32.1 247.7 52.1 4597.9 314.0 0.452 SIGT 558.0 -6.7 -31.7 249.6 54.3 4833.0 314.8 0.484 SIGW 554.8 -7.1 -31.0 250.0 54.8 4878.0 314.9 0.519 SIGT 531.0 -9.9 -25.9 250.0 54.8 5218.1 315.5 0.873 SIGT 515.0 -11.9 -31.9 250.0 54.8 5453.3 315.9 0.514 SIGT 503.0 -13.1 -25.1 250.0 54.8 5633.4 316.5 0.991 MAND 500.0 -13.5 -25.5 250.0 54.8 5679.0 316.6 0.961 SIGW 472.9 -16.6 -30.1 245.0 58.9 6097.0 317.9 0.666 SIGT 431.0 -21.7 -37.7 247.8 63.3 6791.4 319.9 0.347 SIGT 416.0 -23.7 -34.7 248.8 65.0 7051.4 320.6 0.485 MAND 400.0 -26.1 -40.1 250.0 66.8 7336.8 321.1 0.291 SIGT 394.0 -27.1 -41.1 251.9 69.5 7446.0 321.2 0.266 SIGW 384.5 -28.2 -43.4 255.0 73.8 7621.0 322.0 0.214 SIGT 355.0 -31.7 -50.7 251.3 73.5 8190.5 324.7 0.107 SIGT 327.0 -37.1 -46.1 247.5 73.1 8765.3 325.0 0.186 SIGT 324.0 -37.5 -45.5 247.1 73.0 8829.0 325.3 0.201 SIGT 314.0 -39.3 -51.3 245.7 72.9 9044.7 325.7 0.115 SIGW 309.4 -40.1 -52.1 245.0 72.8 9146.0 326.0 0.108 MAND 300.0 -41.7 -53.7 245.0 73.8 9355.6 326.6 0.093 SIGT 290.0 -43.5 -55.5 245.9 74.8 9584.6 327.2 0.078 SIGT 270.0 -47.7 -56.7 247.9 76.8 10061.1 327.9 0.075 MAND 250.0 -52.1 -61.1 250.0 78.9 10564.6 328.6 0.050 SIGT 243.0 -53.9 -62.9 250.0 80.2 10747.8 328.6 0.044 SIGT 236.0 -55.1 -63.1 250.0 81.5 10935.0 329.6 0.044 SIGT 231.0 -55.5 -65.5 250.0 82.4 11071.7 331.0 ----- SIGT 219.0 -58.3 -70.3 250.0 84.8 11409.8 331.7 ----- MAND 200.0 -63.1 -72.1 250.0 88.8 11974.7 332.9 ----- TRO1 198.0 -63.5 -71.5 250.0 88.8 12036.5 333.2 ----- SIGW 193.0 -63.2 -71.2 255.0 93.8 12195.0 336.2 ----- SIGT 192.0 -63.1 -71.1 255.0 93.8 12225.7 336.8 ----- MAXW 191.0 -63.0 -71.7 255.0 93.8 12257.9 337.5 ----- SIGT 185.0 -62.1 -75.1 253.7 90.2 12454.8 342.0 ----- SIGT 170.0 -63.3 -83.3 250.1 80.5 12976.3 348.4 ----- SIGT 161.0 -60.1 -83.6 247.8 74.3 13313.3 359.2 ----- SIGT 152.0 -59.3 -83.8 245.3 67.7 13673.1 366.5 ----- SIGW 150.9 -59.3 -84.5 245.0 66.8 13719.0 367.3 ----- MAND 150.0 -59.3 -84.8 245.0 66.8 13756.1 367.9 ----- SIGT 145.0 -59.7 -85.0 233.1 72.4 13968.3 370.8 ----- SIGW 143.7 -60.1 -85.0 230.0 73.8 14024.0 371.1 ----- SIGT 131.0 -64.1 -85.0 242.5 72.6 14596.8 373.9 ----- SIGT 127.0 -63.7 -85.0 246.7 72.2 14786.9 377.9 ----- SIGT 126.0 -62.7 -85.0 247.7 72.1 14835.6 380.6 ----- SIGW 123.9 -62.3 -85.1 250.0 71.9 14939.0 383.2 ----- SIGT 123.0 -62.1 -85.1 248.5 70.2 14984.4 384.3 ----- SIGT 118.0 -63.5 -85.1 240.1 60.9 15240.1 386.3 ----- SIGW 117.9 -63.5 -85.1 240.0 60.8 15243.0 386.4 ----- SIGT 115.0 -62.5 -85.1 241.3 64.9 15398.7 391.0 ----- SIGT 113.0 -62.9 -85.1 242.2 67.8 15506.9 392.3 ----- SIGT 108.0 -62.5 -85.1 244.5 75.2 15786.0 398.1 ----- SIGW 106.8 -63.0 -85.1 245.0 76.9 15853.0 398.5 ----- SIGT 105.0 -63.7 -85.1 245.0 74.0 15959.4 399.1 ----- SIGT 103.0 -62.9 -85.1 245.0 70.8 16077.6 402.8 ----- MAND 100.0 -63.7 -85.1 245.0 65.9 16259.4 404.7 ----- SIGT 95.1 -61.7 -85.1 248.0 64.7 16569.2 414.4 ----- SIGW 92.1 -62.2 -85.1 250.0 63.9 16768.0 417.4 ----- SIGT 90.0 -62.5 -85.1 250.0 57.6 16910.0 419.4 ----- SIGT 86.9 -60.1 -85.1 250.0 48.0 17127.6 428.5 ----- SIGW 83.4 -61.9 -85.1 250.0 36.9 17378.0 429.8 ----- SIGT 78.7 -64.5 -85.1 246.0 38.4 17740.0 431.7 ----- SIGT 75.9 -62.7 -85.1 243.6 39.4 17962.4 440.0 ----- SIGT 72.2 -65.1 -85.1 240.3 40.7 18268.8 441.2 ----- SIGW 71.9 -65.1 -85.1 240.0 40.8 18292.0 441.8 ----- MAND 70.0 -64.7 -85.1 235.0 38.9 18457.7 446.0 ----- SIGW 68.4 -65.0 -85.1 235.0 39.8 18597.0 448.2 ----- SIGW 65.1 -65.8 -85.1 250.0 44.9 18902.0 453.0 ----- SIGT 64.7 -65.9 -85.1 250.9 44.5 18937.2 453.5 ----- SIGT 62.0 -62.5 -85.1 257.3 41.5 19198.2 466.6 ----- SIGT 59.1 -61.5 -85.1 264.6 38.1 19494.5 475.3 ----- SIGW 58.9 -61.2 -85.1 265.0 37.9 19512.0 476.3 ----- SIGT 56.9 -57.7 -85.1 247.0 34.2 19731.9 489.1 ----- SIGW 56.1 -58.1 -85.1 240.0 32.8 19817.0 490.1 ----- SIGT 54.7 -58.9 -85.1 234.6 35.5 19980.2 491.9 ----- SIGW 53.5 -58.7 -85.1 230.0 37.9 20121.0 495.5 ----- MAND 50.0 -58.1 -85.1 250.0 49.9 20545.2 506.6 ----- SIGT 48.7 -56.7 -85.1 250.0 49.1 20711.8 513.7 ----- SIGW 48.6 -56.7 -85.1 250.0 49.0 20731.0 514.1 ----- SIGW 46.3 -57.1 -85.1 245.0 49.9 21036.0 520.5 ----- SIGT 44.7 -57.3 -85.1 252.2 43.4 21254.6 525.0 ----- SIGW 44.1 -57.0 -85.1 255.0 40.8 21341.0 527.8 ----- SIGT 41.2 -55.5 -85.1 269.1 35.8 21772.4 541.9 ----- SIGT 40.2 -56.7 -85.1 274.3 34.1 21928.7 542.7 ----- SIGW 40.1 -56.6 -85.1 275.0 33.8 21951.0 543.5 ----- SIGT 37.1 -54.5 -85.1 242.9 37.1 22440.2 561.0 ----- SIGW 36.4 -54.8 -85.1 235.0 37.9 22560.0 563.3 ----- SIGT 33.2 -56.1 -85.1 235.0 30.2 23149.2 574.8 ----- SIGW 33.1 -56.2 -85.1 235.0 29.9 23170.0 575.0 ----- SIGT 31.3 -58.5 -85.1 240.8 36.2 23521.9 578.1 ----- SIGT 30.6 -56.1 -85.1 243.1 38.7 23665.0 588.4 ----- SIGW 30.1 -55.7 -85.1 245.0 40.8 23780.0 592.4 ----- MAND 30.0 -55.7 -85.1 240.0 40.8 23791.0 592.8 ----- SIGT 28.0 -55.9 -85.1 258.3 48.9 24230.4 604.1 ----- SIGT 27.7 -54.3 -85.1 261.2 50.2 24299.3 610.4 ----- SIGW 27.3 -53.9 -85.1 265.0 51.9 24390.0 614.1 ----- SIGT 26.0 -52.3 -85.1 261.5 43.2 24707.3 627.2 ----- SIGT 24.1 -51.1 -85.1 256.1 29.7 25199.7 644.5 ----- SIGW 23.7 -51.3 -85.0 255.0 26.8 25304.0 646.8 ----- MAND 20.0 -53.9 -84.9 250.0 37.9 26405.3 671.2 ----- SIGT 18.9 -52.5 -84.9 248.2 40.7 26769.9 686.5 ----- SIGW 17.0 -53.5 -84.4 245.0 45.8 27439.0 704.1 ----- SIGT 15.9 -54.1 -84.2 247.6 49.6 27883.3 716.1 ----- SIGT 15.4 -52.7 -84.1 248.8 51.3 28089.1 727.3 ----- SIGT 14.5 -53.7 -84.1 251.0 54.5 28477.2 736.6 ----- SIGT 12.4 -50.1 -84.1 256.9 63.0 29491.4 782.9 ----- SIGT 10.9 -50.1 -84.1 261.8 70.1 30334.1 812.3 ----- MAND 10.0 -51.5 -84.5 265.0 74.8 30895.6 827.3 ----- SIGT 8.0 -51.5 -84.5 ----- ----- 32344.8 881.9 ----- SIGT 7.2 -50.5 -84.5 ----- ----- 33030.6 912.9 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 24 Oct 2020298 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 0.9 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 281.0 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 292.3 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 4.3 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 912 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 0.5 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 912 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 9.9 C K Index (KI) = -20.8 Lifted Index (LI) = 21.0 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 90.6 Showalter Index (ShI) = 21.4 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 18.7 Precipitable Water (PW) = 11.2 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -151 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 295 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 12 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 326 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 309 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done