================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2023080 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=159 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 997.0 4.6 -4.4 240.0 17.9 221.0 278.0 2.766 SIGT 990.0 4.8 -8.2 240.7 20.7 278.4 278.8 2.080 SIGW 950.4 2.2 -9.0 245.0 36.9 609.0 279.4 2.028 MAND 925.0 0.4 -9.6 255.0 36.9 827.8 279.7 1.994 SIGT 922.0 0.0 -10.0 257.0 36.2 853.9 279.6 1.938 SIGT 902.0 -0.3 -10.3 270.5 31.2 1029.5 281.0 1.935 SIGT 894.0 -0.1 -9.1 275.9 29.2 1100.9 282.0 2.147 SIGW 880.8 -1.0 -9.1 285.0 25.8 1219.0 282.2 2.179 MAND 850.0 -3.1 -9.1 270.0 26.8 1503.0 282.9 2.258 SIGT 834.0 -4.1 -10.1 265.4 31.5 1653.3 283.4 2.127 SIGW 815.6 -4.8 -9.6 260.0 36.9 1829.0 284.5 2.263 SIGT 812.0 -4.9 -9.5 260.6 36.9 1864.0 284.7 2.291 SIGW 784.2 -7.1 -10.5 265.0 36.9 2134.0 285.2 2.194 SIGW 753.9 -9.5 -11.6 280.0 39.8 2439.0 285.8 2.087 SIGW 724.9 -12.0 -12.7 275.0 45.8 2743.0 286.3 1.984 SIGT 710.0 -13.3 -13.3 272.0 56.1 2903.9 286.6 1.931 MAND 700.0 -12.1 -15.8 270.0 62.9 3012.2 289.1 1.594 SIGW 696.7 -11.8 -17.3 270.0 63.9 3048.0 289.8 1.407 SIGT 696.0 -11.7 -17.7 270.0 63.7 3056.2 290.0 1.367 SIGT 691.0 -11.7 -19.7 270.0 62.4 3111.4 290.6 1.160 SIGT 685.0 -12.1 -15.9 270.0 60.7 3178.2 290.9 1.616 SIGT 678.0 -12.7 -17.2 270.0 58.8 3256.8 291.1 1.464 SIGT 668.0 -13.5 -16.1 270.0 56.0 3370.1 291.4 1.629 SIGT 663.0 -13.9 -17.5 270.0 54.6 3427.3 291.6 1.459 SIGT 656.0 -13.9 -23.9 270.0 52.6 3508.0 292.5 0.846 SIGT 649.0 -14.7 -23.7 270.0 50.6 3589.4 292.5 0.870 SIGT 646.0 -14.9 -25.9 270.0 49.8 3624.5 292.6 0.717 SIGW 643.1 -15.2 -25.8 270.0 49.0 3658.0 292.7 0.727 SIGW 617.4 -17.7 -24.9 270.0 49.0 3963.0 293.2 0.821 SIGW 592.8 -20.3 -24.0 275.0 54.8 4268.0 293.7 0.927 SIGT 587.0 -20.9 -23.8 275.6 54.8 4341.2 293.8 0.954 SIGT 585.0 -21.1 -28.1 275.8 54.8 4366.4 293.8 0.648 SIGT 581.0 -21.1 -32.1 276.2 54.8 4417.1 294.4 0.447 SIGT 579.0 -21.1 -31.1 276.4 54.8 4442.6 294.7 0.494 SIGT 571.0 -22.3 -30.3 277.3 54.8 4545.1 294.5 0.540 SIGW 545.6 -24.6 -32.6 280.0 54.8 4878.0 295.5 0.452 SIGT 545.0 -24.7 -32.7 279.9 54.8 4886.1 295.6 0.450 SIGT 533.0 -25.9 -39.9 278.7 54.5 5047.8 296.0 0.223 SIGT 514.0 -28.3 -37.3 276.6 54.1 5309.6 296.2 0.303 SIGT 508.0 -28.7 -38.7 275.9 54.0 5393.7 296.7 0.265 MAND 500.0 -29.5 -39.5 275.0 53.8 5507.3 297.1 0.248 SIGT 486.0 -31.3 -40.3 271.5 53.8 5709.3 297.3 0.235 SIGT 481.0 -31.7 -42.7 270.2 53.8 5782.5 297.7 0.184 SIGW 480.4 -31.8 -42.4 270.0 53.8 5792.0 297.7 0.190 SIGT 476.0 -32.3 -40.3 271.1 55.3 5856.4 297.8 0.240 SIGT 472.0 -32.9 -39.9 272.0 56.6 5915.9 297.8 0.252 SIGT 462.0 -33.5 -45.5 274.5 60.1 6066.5 298.9 0.141 SIGW 460.0 -33.7 -46.4 275.0 60.8 6097.0 299.0 0.128 SIGT 456.0 -34.1 -48.1 279.0 62.0 6158.1 299.3 0.107 SIGT 455.0 -34.1 -49.1 280.0 62.3 6173.5 299.4 0.097 SIGT 452.0 -33.5 -55.5 283.1 63.2 6219.9 300.8 0.050 SIGT 443.0 -33.3 -63.3 292.3 66.0 6361.2 302.8 ----- SIGT 441.0 -32.9 -54.9 294.4 66.6 6393.0 303.6 0.1 SIGW 440.4 -32.9 -54.9 295.0 66.8 6402.0 303.8 0.1 SIGT 440.0 -33.1 -51.1 295.0 66.8 6409.0 303.6 0.1 SIGT 419.0 -35.7 -48.7 295.0 67.3 6751.1 304.5 0.1 SIGT 416.0 -36.1 -50.1 295.0 67.4 6801.1 304.6 0.1 SIGT 412.0 -36.7 -47.7 295.0 67.5 6868.1 304.7 0.1 SIGT 403.0 -37.7 -49.7 295.0 67.7 7020.8 305.4 0.1 MAND 400.0 -38.1 -49.1 295.0 67.8 7072.3 305.5 0.1 SIGT 383.0 -40.3 -49.3 295.0 71.1 7370.1 306.4 0.1 SIGT 378.0 -40.9 -51.9 295.0 72.0 7459.6 306.8 0.1 SIGW 369.1 -42.2 -51.6 295.0 73.8 7621.0 307.1 0.1 SIGT 367.0 -42.5 -51.5 295.0 73.9 7659.9 307.2 0.1 SIGT 364.0 -42.7 -52.7 295.0 73.9 7715.4 307.7 0.1 SIGT 357.0 -43.9 -52.9 295.0 74.1 7846.2 307.8 0.1 SIGT 327.0 -47.3 -59.3 295.0 75.0 8431.4 310.9 0.0 SIGT 310.0 -50.3 -62.3 295.0 75.5 8782.4 311.5 0.0 MAND 300.0 -51.9 -62.9 295.0 75.8 8995.7 312.2 0.0 SIGW 293.1 -53.3 -63.9 295.0 75.8 9146.0 312.4 ----- SIGT 281.0 -55.7 -65.7 295.0 74.9 9416.3 312.6 ----- SIGT 275.0 -56.3 -68.3 295.0 74.5 9553.6 313.7 ----- SIGW 266.3 -57.5 -68.8 295.0 73.8 9756.0 314.9 ----- SIGT 262.0 -58.1 -69.1 290.8 74.7 9860.0 315.4 ----- SIGT 256.0 -57.9 -69.9 285.0 75.9 10006.1 317.8 ----- MAXW 251.0 -58.2 -70.2 280.0 76.9 10130.4 319.1 ----- MAND 250.0 -58.3 -70.3 280.0 76.9 10155.5 319.4 ----- SIGT 249.0 -58.3 -71.3 281.0 76.7 10180.7 319.8 ----- TRO1 245.0 -59.1 -71.1 285.0 75.8 10282.5 320.1 ----- SIGW 241.8 -57.5 -75.9 280.0 76.9 10365.0 323.6 ----- SIGT 241.0 -57.1 -77.1 280.0 75.7 10386.2 324.6 ----- SIGT 233.0 -53.9 -77.9 280.0 62.9 10601.5 332.6 ----- SIGW 230.5 -54.3 -78.1 280.0 58.9 10670.0 332.9 ----- SIGT 222.0 -55.9 -78.9 274.1 58.9 10910.8 334.1 ----- SIGW 209.6 -54.0 -80.9 265.0 58.9 11280.0 342.6 ----- MAND 200.0 -52.5 -82.5 265.0 58.9 11580.3 349.6 ----- SIGT 188.0 -51.1 -83.1 263.9 57.8 11981.6 358.1 ----- SIGT 187.0 -51.1 -83.1 263.8 57.7 12016.3 358.7 ----- SIGT 172.0 -53.1 -84.1 262.4 56.2 12557.9 364.1 ----- MAND 150.0 -52.7 -84.7 260.0 53.8 13441.2 379.3 ----- SIGT 128.0 -50.9 -83.9 257.1 50.4 14469.8 400.1 ----- SIGT 123.0 -52.3 -84.3 256.4 49.5 14728.5 402.2 ----- SIGT 117.0 -50.1 -84.1 255.5 48.4 15053.7 412.0 ----- SIGW 113.7 -50.3 -84.3 255.0 47.8 15243.0 415.0 ----- SIGT 111.0 -50.5 -84.5 254.1 45.6 15397.5 417.5 ----- MAND 100.0 -54.7 -84.8 250.0 35.9 16071.9 422.1 ----- SIGW 98.7 -54.9 -84.9 240.0 35.0 16158.0 423.2 ----- SIGW 94.0 -55.8 -85.0 250.0 35.9 16463.0 427.5 ----- SIGW 89.7 -56.6 -85.1 250.0 32.8 16768.0 431.7 ----- SIGT 89.0 -56.7 -85.1 247.0 33.4 16814.4 432.4 ----- SIGW 85.5 -56.2 -85.1 230.0 36.9 17073.0 438.4 ----- SIGT 83.1 -55.9 -85.1 232.9 39.5 17250.3 442.6 ----- SIGW 77.6 -58.2 -85.1 240.0 45.8 17682.0 446.4 ----- SIGT 77.5 -58.3 -85.1 240.5 45.7 17691.9 446.5 ----- SIGW 74.0 -57.8 -85.1 255.0 40.8 17987.0 453.6 ----- SIGT 70.8 -57.3 -85.1 250.5 26.4 18262.5 460.3 ----- SIGW 70.5 -56.8 -85.1 250.0 24.9 18292.0 462.0 ----- MAND 70.0 -56.1 -85.1 250.0 29.9 18334.5 464.4 ----- SIGW 67.2 -57.3 -85.1 255.0 30.9 18597.0 467.3 ----- SIGT 64.9 -58.3 -85.1 265.6 27.3 18813.2 469.7 ----- SIGW 64.0 -58.2 -85.1 270.0 25.8 18902.0 471.9 ----- SIGW 58.1 -57.2 -85.1 250.0 23.9 19512.0 487.3 ----- SIGW 55.4 -56.7 -85.1 275.0 22.9 19817.0 495.1 ----- SIGW 52.8 -56.3 -85.1 250.0 26.8 20121.0 503.1 ----- SIGT 50.9 -55.9 -85.1 253.8 20.8 20351.4 509.2 ----- SIGW 50.3 -56.3 -85.1 255.0 18.8 20426.0 509.9 ----- MAND 50.0 -56.5 -85.1 205.0 8.9 20464.8 510.4 ----- SIGW 47.9 -57.8 -85.1 245.0 11.8 20731.0 513.4 ----- SIGT 46.9 -58.5 -85.1 215.5 11.8 20869.3 515.0 ----- SIGW 45.7 -57.6 -85.1 180.0 11.8 21036.0 521.0 ----- SIGT 43.9 -56.3 -85.1 225.3 20.2 21287.2 530.2 ----- SIGW 43.5 -56.4 -85.1 235.0 22.0 21341.0 531.2 ----- SIGW 41.5 -57.1 -85.1 285.0 12.8 21646.0 536.9 ----- SIGT 40.9 -57.3 -85.1 265.8 12.8 21735.9 538.5 ----- SIGT 39.9 -55.7 -85.1 232.4 12.8 21893.0 546.4 ----- SIGW 39.5 -55.9 -85.1 220.0 12.8 21951.0 547.2 ----- SIGT 38.4 -56.7 -85.1 232.2 12.5 22136.6 549.9 ----- SIGT 37.3 -55.5 -85.1 244.3 12.2 22321.5 557.5 ----- SIGW 35.9 -56.0 -85.1 260.0 11.8 22560.0 562.3 ----- SIGW 34.2 -56.6 -85.1 260.0 18.8 22865.0 568.4 ----- SIGW 32.6 -57.2 -85.1 280.0 9.9 23170.0 574.6 ----- SIGT 31.5 -57.7 -85.1 239.6 4.1 23393.8 579.2 ----- SIGW 31.1 -57.5 -85.1 225.0 1.9 23475.0 581.9 ----- MAND 30.0 -56.9 -85.1 250.0 9.9 23702.4 589.5 ----- SIGW 28.2 -57.0 -85.1 255.0 10.9 24085.0 599.5 ----- SIGT 27.1 -57.1 -85.1 237.9 3.2 24346.3 606.4 ----- SIGW 26.9 -57.3 -85.1 235.0 1.9 24390.0 607.0 ----- SIGT 25.6 -58.9 -85.1 251.8 1.7 24705.3 611.2 ----- SIGT 24.1 -57.7 -85.1 272.1 1.4 25085.4 625.3 ----- SIGT 23.3 -58.9 -85.1 283.4 1.2 25297.9 627.9 ----- SIGT 22.3 -57.3 -85.1 298.2 1.0 25574.3 640.6 ----- SIGW 22.2 -57.3 -85.1 300.0 1.0 25609.0 641.6 ----- MAND 20.0 -57.3 -85.1 75.0 8.0 26262.8 660.8 ----- SIGT 18.3 -56.5 -85.1 75.0 7.5 26825.7 680.3 ----- SIGW 16.6 -56.2 -85.1 75.0 7.0 27439.0 700.2 ----- SIGW 15.8 -56.1 -85.1 115.0 11.8 27743.0 710.3 ----- SIGT 15.8 -56.1 -85.1 112.1 11.7 27759.0 710.8 ----- SIGW 15.1 -56.5 -85.1 60.0 9.9 28048.0 718.8 ----- SIGT 14.8 -56.7 -85.1 64.1 10.7 28174.3 722.2 ----- SIGW 14.4 -55.9 -85.1 70.0 11.8 28353.0 730.8 ----- SIGW 13.7 -54.5 -85.1 110.0 9.9 28658.0 745.6 ----- SIGT 13.0 -52.9 -85.1 98.7 10.2 29003.9 762.7 ----- SIGT 11.6 -52.5 -85.1 74.5 10.8 29740.0 789.4 ----- SIGW 11.4 -52.1 -85.1 70.0 10.9 29878.0 795.5 ----- MAND 10.0 -49.9 -85.1 95.0 8.0 30705.2 833.3 ----- SIGT 8.3 -49.5 -85.0 ----- ----- 31925.2 880.5 ----- SIGT 7.8 -46.7 -84.7 ----- ----- 32334.9 907.5 ----- SIGT 7.4 -47.7 -84.7 ----- ----- 32683.4 917.2 ----- SIGT 6.6 -44.7 -83.7 ----- ----- 33444.2 960.3 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 21 Mar 2023080 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -9.0 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 279.5 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 284.9 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.0 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 800 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -10.9 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 800 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 10.2 C K Index (KI) = 13.6 Lifted Index (LI) = 10.6 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 107.5 Showalter Index (ShI) = 7.5 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 46.8 Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.0 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 172 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 289 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 312 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 310 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done