================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018319 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=112
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 1007.0 -0.9 -8.9 30.0 3.9 221.0 271.7 1.935
MAND 1000.0 -1.7 -9.7 20.0 4.9 276.6 271.5 1.830
SIGT 966.0 -4.1 -11.1 347.0 7.4 550.8 271.7 1.694
SIGW 958.9 -4.6 -11.2 340.0 8.0 609.0 271.8 1.693
MAND 925.0 -7.3 -11.7 320.0 8.0 891.1 271.9 1.687
SIGW 922.3 -7.5 -11.8 320.0 8.0 914.0 271.9 1.681
SIGW 886.5 -10.3 -12.8 315.0 8.9 1219.0 272.1 1.609
SIGW 852.1 -13.1 -13.8 305.0 8.0 1524.0 272.2 1.540
MAND 850.0 -13.3 -13.9 305.0 8.0 1542.9 272.2 1.535
SIGT 834.0 -14.5 -14.7 305.0 13.9 1687.4 272.4 1.465
SIGT 831.0 -14.1 -15.8 305.0 15.1 1714.8 273.1 1.342
SIGT 827.0 -12.3 -20.3 305.0 16.6 1751.6 275.4 0.920
SIGT 820.0 -9.5 -35.5 305.0 19.3 1816.9 279.1 0.227
SIGW 818.7 -9.5 -35.9 305.0 19.8 1829.0 279.2 0.218
SIGW 787.1 -8.6 -46.3 315.0 24.9 2134.0 283.3 0.076
SIGT 770.0 -8.1 -52.1 320.6 28.2 2304.3 285.6 0.043
SIGW 756.8 -7.2 -50.0 325.0 30.9 2439.0 288.0 0.053
SIGT 749.0 -6.7 -48.7 321.0 34.3 2519.6 289.4 0.061
SIGT 743.0 -5.7 -30.7 317.9 37.0 2582.5 291.2 0.400
SIGW 728.0 -5.2 -26.1 310.0 43.9 2743.0 293.5 0.626
SIGT 721.0 -4.9 -23.9 310.0 43.4 2818.5 294.6 0.769
MAND 700.0 -5.9 -21.9 310.0 42.0 3050.5 296.0 0.946
SIGT 687.0 -6.7 -21.7 307.6 43.6 3197.2 296.7 0.981
SIGT 652.0 -8.9 -24.9 300.9 48.3 3603.9 298.6 0.778
SIGW 647.5 -9.1 -23.9 300.0 49.0 3658.0 299.0 0.856
SIGT 641.0 -9.5 -22.5 298.7 50.2 3735.6 299.4 0.980
SIGT 624.0 -9.3 -25.3 295.3 53.5 3943.4 302.0 0.784
SIGW 622.4 -9.4 -25.3 295.0 53.8 3963.0 302.0 0.784
SIGW 598.2 -11.5 -25.9 295.0 52.8 4268.0 303.1 0.773
SIGT 575.0 -13.5 -26.5 304.9 49.9 4571.0 304.2 0.763
SIGW 574.8 -13.5 -26.5 305.0 49.9 4573.0 304.2 0.762
SIGT 566.0 -13.7 -27.7 303.1 49.1 4691.0 305.3 0.694
SIGT 557.0 -12.7 -34.7 301.1 48.2 4813.1 307.9 0.362
SIGW 552.3 -12.8 -39.1 300.0 47.8 4878.0 308.6 0.234
SIGT 543.0 -12.9 -47.9 299.1 48.5 5007.3 309.9 0.092
MAND 500.0 -18.1 -47.1 295.0 51.9 5630.2 311.0 0.109
SIGW 469.3 -22.3 -47.5 290.0 50.9 6097.0 311.4 0.111
SIGT 453.0 -24.7 -47.7 287.9 49.1 6358.4 311.6 0.113
SIGT 445.0 -24.3 -51.3 286.8 48.3 6488.3 313.7 0.081
SIGW 431.7 -26.0 -55.8 285.0 46.8 6707.0 314.3 0.051
MAND 400.0 -30.1 -67.1 285.0 53.8 7256.6 315.9 -----
SIGW 379.9 -32.9 -65.4 290.0 52.8 7621.0 316.9 -----
SIGT 369.0 -34.5 -64.5 288.0 62.6 7825.9 317.4 -----
SIGT 339.0 -36.1 -56.1 282.2 91.0 8416.9 323.0 0.1
SIGT 315.0 -38.9 -50.9 277.2 115.2 8923.9 326.0 0.1
SIGW 304.9 -40.4 -47.4 275.0 125.9 9146.0 326.9 0.2
SIGT 303.0 -40.7 -46.7 273.0 128.2 9189.5 327.1 0.2
MAND 300.0 -40.5 -45.5 270.0 131.9 9257.3 328.3 0.2
SIGT 299.0 -40.5 -45.5 270.0 132.9 9280.1 328.6 0.2
SIGW 291.5 -42.0 -46.0 270.0 140.8 9451.0 328.9 0.2
SIGT 280.0 -44.3 -46.9 267.3 143.7 9724.0 329.4 0.2
SIGT 265.0 -46.5 -49.3 263.7 147.6 10091.5 331.4 0.2
MAND 250.0 -50.1 -54.9 260.0 151.7 10475.4 331.6 0.1
SIGT 229.0 -55.3 -62.3 260.0 161.9 11042.2 332.1 0.0
SIGW 210.1 -60.2 -67.2 260.0 171.7 11585.0 332.7 -----
SIGT 209.0 -60.5 -67.5 260.0 171.7 11618.6 332.8 -----
MAXW 207.0 -60.7 -68.1 260.0 171.7 11678.4 333.4 -----
MAND 200.0 -61.3 -70.3 265.0 163.8 11892.3 335.7 -----
SIGT 189.0 -61.7 -72.7 265.0 146.9 12243.2 340.5 -----
TRO1 176.0 -64.7 -75.7 265.0 125.9 12681.6 342.6 -----
SIGT 174.0 -64.5 -76.5 265.0 124.7 12751.4 344.1 -----
SIGW 172.5 -63.7 -76.2 265.0 123.7 12804.0 346.2 -----
SIGT 168.0 -61.3 -75.3 265.0 121.7 12967.6 352.9 -----
SIGT 165.0 -61.5 -76.5 265.0 120.3 13079.4 354.4 -----
SIGT 161.0 -60.3 -76.3 265.0 118.4 13232.0 358.9 -----
MAND 150.0 -61.3 -80.3 265.0 112.9 13672.3 364.5 -----
SIGT 149.0 -61.5 -81.5 264.8 112.7 13713.9 364.8 -----
SIGT 145.0 -60.1 -81.1 263.9 112.2 13883.2 370.1 -----
SIGT 137.0 -60.5 -83.5 262.1 111.0 14237.1 375.5 -----
SIGT 134.0 -59.7 -82.7 261.3 110.6 14375.3 379.3 -----
SIGW 128.6 -61.0 -84.9 260.0 109.8 14634.0 381.5 -----
SIGT 128.0 -61.1 -85.1 260.4 109.3 14660.9 381.8 -----
SIGT 125.0 -59.7 -84.7 262.9 106.6 14808.8 386.9 -----
SIGT 118.0 -61.9 ----- 268.8 100.2 15167.3 389.3 -----
SIGW 116.6 -61.7 ----- 270.0 98.9 15243.0 391.0 -----
SIGT 111.0 -60.9 ----- 273.2 94.7 15546.8 398.0 -----
SIGT 106.0 -63.1 ----- 276.2 90.8 15831.9 399.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -62.9 ----- 280.0 85.9 16190.7 406.2 -----
SIGT 93.3 -60.9 ----- 276.3 68.8 16620.0 418.3 -----
SIGW 91.1 -61.2 ----- 275.0 62.9 16768.0 420.5 -----
SIGT 78.6 -63.3 ----- 272.0 65.3 17680.3 434.3 -----
SIGW 71.2 -62.6 ----- 270.0 66.8 18292.0 448.3 -----
MAND 70.0 -62.5 ----- 270.0 67.8 18394.1 450.7 -----
SIGW 67.7 -62.4 ----- 270.0 68.8 18597.0 455.3 -----
SIGT 64.0 -62.1 ----- 270.0 63.0 18947.8 463.3 -----
SIGW 58.4 -64.5 ----- 270.0 53.8 19512.0 470.2 -----
SIGT 54.5 -66.3 ----- 272.2 55.6 19931.6 475.4 -----
SIGT 52.9 -63.9 ----- 273.2 56.4 20113.2 485.0 -----
MAND 50.0 -65.1 ----- 275.0 57.9 20457.9 490.1 -----
SIGT 49.0 -65.5 ----- 276.1 60.0 20580.9 492.0 -----
SIGT 45.8 -63.7 ----- 279.6 67.1 20993.6 505.9 -----
SIGW 45.5 -63.9 ----- 280.0 67.8 21036.0 506.5 -----
SIGT 44.1 -64.7 ----- 283.1 65.4 21225.2 509.0 -----
SIGW 43.3 -64.1 ----- 285.0 63.9 21341.0 513.3 -----
SIGW 41.2 -62.4 ----- 275.0 59.8 21646.0 524.8 -----
SIGT 40.1 -61.5 ----- 276.8 57.9 21810.4 531.1 -----
SIGT 38.0 -62.3 ----- 280.4 53.9 22143.4 537.2 -----
SIGT 36.1 -58.3 ----- 283.9 50.1 22463.3 555.5 -----
SIGW 35.6 -57.9 ----- 285.0 49.0 22560.0 559.0 -----
SIGT 34.5 -57.1 ----- 280.9 47.1 22749.5 565.9 -----
SIGW 30.8 -58.4 ----- 265.0 39.8 23475.0 581.3 -----
MAND 30.0 -58.7 ----- 265.0 42.9 23631.0 584.6 -----
SIGT 28.6 -57.3 ----- 269.0 44.5 23932.3 596.6 -----
SIGW 26.6 -57.9 ----- 275.0 46.8 24390.0 607.3 -----
SIGT 23.2 -59.1 ----- 272.6 52.1 25250.2 628.1 -----
SIGT 22.0 -58.1 ----- 271.7 54.2 25584.1 640.7 -----
MAND 20.0 -59.7 ----- 270.0 57.9 26182.4 653.5 -----
SIGW 16.3 -62.2 ----- 270.0 59.8 27439.0 684.3 -----
SIGT 15.7 -62.7 ----- ----- ----- 27685.8 690.5 -----
SIGT 15.3 -62.1 ----- ----- ----- 27845.2 697.6 -----
SIGT 14.0 -55.9 ----- ----- ----- 28402.4 736.5 -----
SIGT 12.7 -53.9 ----- ----- ----- 29025.6 764.3 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 15 Nov 2018319
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -11.0 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 271.7 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 276.3 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.7 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 869 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -12.1 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 869 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 1.3 C
K Index (KI) = -25.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 28.7
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 67.8
Showalter Index (ShI) = 28.7
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 9.0
Precipitable Water (PW) = 4.7 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -377 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 278 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 9 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 328 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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