================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019018 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=116
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 987.0 -0.3 -0.9 225.0 8.0 221.0 273.9 3.630
SIGT 975.0 -1.3 -1.9 235.1 12.5 318.8 273.8 3.412
SIGW 940.1 -2.1 -2.8 265.0 25.8 609.0 275.9 3.313
SIGT 932.0 -2.3 -3.0 267.7 26.4 678.2 276.4 3.289
MAND 925.0 -2.9 -3.9 270.0 26.8 738.1 276.4 3.098
SIGW 904.6 -4.0 -5.0 270.0 24.9 914.0 277.0 2.922
SIGW 870.2 -5.9 -6.8 260.0 22.0 1219.0 278.1 2.636
SIGT 856.0 -6.7 -7.6 256.5 23.3 1348.7 278.6 2.522
MAND 850.0 -6.9 -7.8 255.0 23.9 1403.6 278.9 2.500
SIGT 845.0 -6.9 -7.7 255.0 25.0 1449.7 279.4 2.535
SIGT 826.0 -5.7 -6.6 255.0 29.1 1627.9 282.5 2.824
SIGW 805.0 -6.5 -7.5 255.0 33.8 1829.0 283.7 2.702
SIGW 774.2 -7.7 -8.9 260.0 35.9 2134.0 285.6 2.525
SIGT 754.0 -8.5 -9.8 260.0 34.5 2340.0 286.9 2.410
SIGW 744.4 -9.2 -10.5 260.0 33.8 2439.0 287.3 2.310
SIGW 715.6 -11.2 -12.6 260.0 32.8 2743.0 288.3 2.026
MAND 700.0 -12.3 -13.8 265.0 31.9 2912.8 288.9 1.881
SIGT 676.0 -14.1 -16.1 261.4 33.0 3178.8 289.8 1.610
SIGW 634.4 -17.7 -19.1 255.0 35.0 3658.0 291.0 1.334
SIGT 630.0 -18.1 -19.4 257.1 35.5 3710.1 291.1 1.306
SIGT 627.0 -18.1 -20.5 258.6 35.8 3745.8 291.5 1.194
SIGT 621.0 -17.9 -27.9 261.5 36.5 3817.7 292.5 0.621
SIGT 617.0 -17.7 -26.7 263.5 37.0 3866.1 293.3 0.698
SIGT 613.0 -17.3 -23.3 265.5 37.4 3914.8 294.3 0.955
SIGW 584.7 -19.3 -27.2 280.0 40.8 4268.0 296.0 0.704
SIGT 584.0 -19.3 -27.3 280.1 40.8 4276.9 296.1 0.698
SIGT 574.0 -20.9 -35.9 282.2 40.8 4405.0 295.7 0.312
SIGW 561.0 -21.9 -35.8 285.0 40.8 4573.0 296.4 0.322
SIGW 538.1 -23.7 -35.7 285.0 42.9 4878.0 297.8 0.341
SIGT 517.0 -25.5 -35.5 282.3 46.8 5171.2 299.1 0.361
SIGT 501.0 -27.3 -36.3 280.1 49.7 5398.5 299.6 0.344
MAND 500.0 -27.3 -36.3 280.0 49.9 5412.9 299.8 0.344
SIGW 494.9 -27.7 -39.3 280.0 49.9 5487.0 300.1 0.257
SIGT 486.0 -28.5 -44.5 280.0 49.5 5617.0 300.7 0.149
SIGW 454.2 -32.3 -45.5 280.0 47.8 6097.0 301.9 0.144
SIGT 441.0 -33.9 -45.9 281.2 46.6 6305.9 302.4 0.141
SIGT 408.0 -37.1 -52.1 284.2 43.7 6847.5 305.1 0.082
MAND 400.0 -38.1 -53.1 285.0 42.9 6984.2 305.5 0.075
SIGT 372.0 -42.5 -54.5 288.9 42.9 7479.4 306.1 0.068
SIGW 364.3 -43.3 -54.2 290.0 42.9 7621.0 306.9 0.072
SIGT 358.0 -43.9 -53.9 290.0 44.8 7737.9 307.6 0.076
SIGT 326.0 -47.3 -60.3 290.0 55.0 8362.2 311.2 0.041
MAND 300.0 -51.1 -65.1 290.0 63.9 8907.6 313.3 -----
SIGT 295.0 -52.1 -66.1 290.0 64.4 9016.7 313.4 -----
SIGW 289.1 -52.8 -66.5 290.0 64.9 9146.0 314.3 -----
MAND 250.0 -57.5 -69.5 290.0 70.9 10075.7 320.6 -----
SIGT 246.0 -58.3 -70.3 289.1 72.0 10177.4 320.9 -----
SIGT 236.0 -58.3 -70.3 286.9 74.7 10438.7 324.7 -----
MAXW 228.0 -59.2 -71.2 285.0 76.9 10655.2 326.6 -----
TRO1 225.0 -59.5 -71.5 285.0 75.8 10738.3 327.3 -----
SIGT 218.0 -57.1 -72.1 283.7 73.4 10937.3 334.0 -----
SIGT 216.0 -57.5 -73.5 283.3 72.7 10995.6 334.3 -----
SIGT 212.0 -56.1 -74.1 282.5 71.3 11114.1 338.3 -----
SIGT 209.0 -56.3 -75.3 281.9 70.2 11204.7 339.3 -----
MAND 200.0 -54.5 -76.5 280.0 66.8 11485.5 346.5 -----
SIGT 196.0 -53.7 -76.7 280.0 66.6 11615.2 349.8 -----
SIGT 173.0 -53.5 -79.5 280.0 64.9 12418.2 362.8 -----
SIGT 165.0 -54.5 -80.5 280.0 64.2 12722.2 366.1 -----
SIGT 161.0 -53.9 -78.9 280.0 63.9 12879.6 369.7 -----
MAND 150.0 -55.7 -79.7 280.0 62.9 13332.4 374.1 -----
SIGT 136.0 -55.1 -79.1 278.4 61.6 13957.6 385.8 -----
SIGT 120.0 -58.1 -81.1 276.3 59.9 14751.8 394.4 -----
SIGW 111.0 -58.3 -81.3 275.0 58.9 15243.0 402.8 -----
SIGT 105.0 -58.5 -81.5 277.7 58.9 15592.4 409.0 -----
MAND 100.0 -59.7 -81.7 280.0 58.9 15898.4 412.4 -----
SIGT 89.9 -61.9 -82.9 275.5 57.6 16560.9 420.8 -----
MAND 70.0 -61.7 -82.7 265.0 54.8 18110.4 452.4 -----
SIGW 68.0 -61.6 -82.6 265.0 53.8 18292.0 456.5 -----
SIGT 67.2 -61.5 -82.5 266.2 54.3 18363.4 458.2 -----
SIGW 64.7 -62.4 -82.9 270.0 55.9 18597.0 461.3 -----
SIGT 56.7 -65.3 -83.3 276.6 47.3 19407.6 472.3 -----
SIGT 54.6 -64.5 -84.5 278.5 44.8 19637.9 479.3 -----
SIGW 53.0 -65.1 -84.5 280.0 42.9 19817.0 482.0 -----
SIGW 50.4 -66.1 -84.5 270.0 36.9 20121.0 486.5 -----
MAND 50.0 -66.3 -84.5 265.0 42.0 20173.6 487.3 -----
SIGW 48.0 -65.9 -84.5 275.0 51.9 20426.0 494.0 -----
SIGT 44.7 -65.3 -84.5 261.0 47.6 20854.4 505.6 -----
SIGW 43.4 -66.4 -84.5 255.0 45.8 21036.0 507.2 -----
SIGT 41.5 -68.1 -84.5 268.2 34.4 21303.8 509.5 -----
SIGW 41.2 -68.1 -84.5 270.0 32.8 21341.0 510.4 -----
SIGW 39.2 -67.9 -84.5 275.0 50.9 21646.0 518.3 -----
SIGW 37.3 -67.7 -84.5 285.0 42.9 21951.0 526.3 -----
SIGT 36.9 -67.7 -84.5 282.6 41.9 22010.3 527.9 -----
SIGT 34.5 -64.5 -84.5 265.8 34.4 22418.3 546.5 -----
SIGW 33.7 -65.3 -84.6 260.0 31.9 22560.0 548.2 -----
SIGW 32.0 -66.9 -84.8 250.0 31.9 22865.0 551.7 -----
MAND 30.0 -69.1 -85.1 250.0 42.9 23263.4 556.3 -----
SIGT 27.7 -68.1 -85.1 250.0 38.3 23741.4 571.9 -----
SIGW 27.5 -67.6 -85.1 250.0 37.9 23780.0 574.4 -----
SIGT 27.0 -66.1 -85.1 257.6 41.3 23896.0 581.7 -----
SIGW 26.2 -66.0 -84.6 270.0 46.8 24085.0 587.2 -----
SIGT 25.1 -65.9 -83.9 274.2 40.2 24338.9 594.6 -----
SIGW 24.9 -65.5 -83.8 275.0 38.9 24390.0 597.0 -----
SIGW 23.7 -63.4 -83.3 250.0 35.9 24695.0 611.7 -----
SIGT 23.6 -63.3 -83.3 251.7 36.1 24715.4 612.7 -----
SIGW 22.5 -64.3 -82.9 275.0 37.9 25000.0 618.0 -----
SIGW 21.4 -65.4 -82.5 275.0 31.9 25304.0 623.6 -----
SIGT 21.3 -65.5 -82.5 274.1 32.8 25342.6 624.4 -----
SIGT 20.2 -64.9 -82.9 266.4 40.5 25665.7 635.7 -----
MAND 20.0 -65.3 -83.3 265.0 42.0 25726.4 636.3 -----
SIGT 18.5 -62.3 -81.3 250.4 38.9 26204.6 660.1 -----
SIGW 18.5 -62.3 -81.3 250.0 38.9 26219.0 660.6 -----
SIGW 17.6 -61.8 -81.3 265.0 40.8 26524.0 671.5 -----
SIGW 16.7 -61.3 -81.3 245.0 42.0 26829.0 682.5 -----
SIGT 16.7 -61.3 -81.3 244.8 42.0 26838.5 682.9 -----
SIGT 15.8 -59.3 -80.3 239.2 44.8 27184.0 700.3 -----
SIGW 15.2 -60.5 -80.4 235.0 46.8 27439.0 704.8 -----
SIGT 14.1 -62.5 -80.5 240.9 52.2 27892.0 712.7 -----
SIGT 12.9 -58.7 -78.7 248.2 58.8 28446.0 744.2 -----
SIGT 12.6 -59.1 -78.1 250.2 60.5 28593.7 747.9 -----
SIGT 12.1 -56.3 -77.3 253.5 63.5 28849.3 766.5 -----
SIGW 11.9 -56.1 -77.1 255.0 64.9 28963.0 771.1 -----
SIGW 11.3 -55.6 -76.6 260.0 55.9 29268.0 783.5 -----
SIGW 10.3 -54.6 -75.6 265.0 73.8 29878.0 808.9 -----
MAND 10.0 -54.3 -75.3 265.0 73.8 30066.1 816.9 -----
SIGT 8.5 -46.7 -71.7 ----- ----- 31126.4 885.5 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 18 Jan 2019018
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -3.3 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 275.7 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 284.0 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 3.2 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 925 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -3.5 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 925 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 5.4 C
K Index (KI) = 11.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 13.4
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 97.8
Showalter Index (ShI) = 12.3
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 39.9
Precipitable Water (PW) = 9.8 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 149 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 288 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -12788 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 311 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 326 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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