================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019259 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=146
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 993.0 19.0 17.0 45.0 2.9 221.0 292.7 12.389
SIGT 978.0 19.2 15.8 347.5 5.3 352.3 294.2 11.639
SIGW 949.2 17.4 14.8 235.0 9.9 609.0 294.9 11.264
MAND 925.0 15.8 14.0 250.0 16.9 830.1 295.5 10.946
SIGW 915.9 15.3 13.5 255.0 18.8 914.0 295.7 10.662
SIGT 902.0 14.4 12.6 259.3 22.2 1044.1 296.2 10.233
SIGW 883.5 13.5 11.1 265.0 26.8 1219.0 297.0 9.423
SIGT 856.0 12.2 8.7 265.0 33.5 1485.9 298.3 8.289
MAND 850.0 12.0 8.0 265.0 35.0 1545.0 298.7 7.956
SIGT 844.0 11.8 6.8 265.0 35.8 1604.4 299.1 7.374
SIGT 833.0 11.0 8.2 265.0 37.3 1714.3 299.4 8.233
SIGW 821.6 10.2 7.5 265.0 38.9 1829.0 299.7 7.937
SIGT 816.0 9.8 7.1 268.8 37.5 1886.5 299.9 7.791
SIGW 792.1 8.9 7.5 285.0 31.9 2134.0 301.5 8.233
SIGT 783.0 8.6 7.6 286.6 30.0 2229.7 302.2 8.410
SIGW 763.3 7.3 6.3 290.0 25.8 2439.0 303.0 7.857
SIGW 735.7 5.4 4.3 295.0 26.8 2743.0 304.1 7.106
SIGT 722.0 4.4 3.3 295.0 27.2 2897.4 304.7 6.747
MAND 700.0 3.0 0.7 295.0 28.0 3149.3 305.8 5.769
SIGT 673.0 1.6 -1.5 295.0 28.0 3467.9 307.7 5.106
SIGW 657.3 -0.0 -2.4 295.0 28.0 3658.0 308.0 4.873
SIGT 645.0 -1.3 -3.2 293.8 30.9 3809.2 308.2 4.693
SIGT 631.0 -0.9 -7.9 292.3 34.3 3984.5 310.6 3.347
SIGW 608.9 -2.3 -10.0 290.0 39.8 4268.0 312.2 2.951
SIGT 599.0 -2.9 -10.9 288.9 41.5 4399.0 312.9 2.781
SIGT 590.0 -3.3 -6.9 287.9 43.1 4519.0 313.8 3.870
SIGT 574.0 -4.1 -7.6 286.2 45.9 4736.6 315.4 3.768
SIGW 563.8 -5.1 -8.3 285.0 47.8 4878.0 315.8 3.641
SIGT 541.0 -7.5 -9.8 281.5 46.4 5201.4 316.7 3.364
SIGT 531.0 -8.1 -10.9 280.0 45.8 5346.7 317.7 3.139
SIGT 525.0 -7.9 -12.8 279.0 45.5 5435.2 318.9 2.724
SIGT 509.0 -9.9 -14.8 276.5 44.5 5675.2 319.3 2.384
SIGT 504.0 -10.1 -18.1 275.7 44.2 5751.4 320.0 1.826
MAND 500.0 -10.7 -19.7 275.0 43.9 5812.8 320.0 1.605
SIGT 494.0 -11.3 -23.3 275.0 44.2 5905.6 320.4 1.185
SIGT 487.0 -12.3 -23.3 275.0 44.6 6015.0 320.5 1.202
SIGW 481.8 -13.1 -25.0 275.0 44.9 6097.0 320.5 1.040
SIGT 471.0 -14.7 -28.7 283.5 42.6 6269.3 320.6 0.761
SIGW 462.8 -15.1 -38.1 290.0 40.8 6402.0 321.6 0.311
SIGT 460.0 -15.3 -41.3 290.2 41.3 6448.1 322.0 0.223
SIGT 450.0 -15.5 -45.5 291.0 43.0 6614.1 323.8 0.144
SIGT 426.0 -19.1 -39.1 292.9 47.1 7025.1 324.3 0.304
SIGT 407.0 -21.9 -32.9 294.4 50.6 7362.9 324.9 0.591
MAND 400.0 -23.1 -33.1 295.0 51.9 7490.4 325.0 0.590
SIGW 392.9 -24.4 -34.4 295.0 51.9 7621.0 325.0 0.531
SIGT 391.0 -24.7 -34.7 294.9 52.3 7656.6 325.0 0.516
SIGT 375.0 -26.7 -35.7 293.9 56.1 7959.7 326.3 0.487
SIGT 363.0 -28.5 -40.5 293.1 59.0 8193.7 326.9 0.308
SIGT 330.0 -34.3 -40.3 290.9 67.4 8869.0 328.0 0.346
SIGT 323.0 -35.3 -42.3 290.4 69.3 9018.8 328.6 0.286
SIGW 317.1 -36.0 -45.9 290.0 70.9 9146.0 329.4 0.197
SIGT 311.0 -36.7 -49.7 291.8 71.2 9281.9 330.2 0.134
SIGT 303.0 -38.1 -53.1 294.1 71.7 9461.9 330.7 0.099
MAND 300.0 -38.5 -53.5 295.0 71.9 9530.4 331.1 0.095
SIGT 286.0 -41.5 -52.5 296.3 72.4 9856.9 331.4 0.112
SIGT 264.0 -45.9 -56.9 298.5 73.2 10395.1 332.6 0.075
SIGT 252.0 -48.7 -53.7 299.8 73.7 10702.9 332.9 0.111
MAND 250.0 -49.1 -54.1 300.0 73.8 10755.3 333.1 0.106
MAXW 222.0 -55.6 -60.6 300.0 83.9 11521.6 334.5 0.059
SIGW 219.8 -56.2 -61.2 300.0 83.9 11585.0 334.6 0.057
SIGT 217.0 -56.9 -61.9 300.7 82.1 11668.5 334.8 0.054
SIGT 207.0 -57.1 -62.1 303.2 75.6 11967.3 339.0 0.055
MAND 200.0 -58.3 -63.3 305.0 70.9 12184.5 340.5 -----
TRO1 196.0 -59.1 -65.1 300.0 70.9 12311.5 341.2 -----
SIGW 190.2 -59.4 -68.0 295.0 65.9 12500.0 343.6 -----
SIGT 185.0 -59.7 -70.7 292.2 70.4 12673.2 345.9 -----
SIGT 182.0 -58.3 -71.3 290.5 73.1 12775.8 349.8 -----
SIGW 172.6 -59.7 -77.8 285.0 81.8 13109.0 352.9 -----
SIGT 171.0 -59.9 -78.9 285.0 78.9 13166.8 353.4 -----
SIGT 167.0 -58.3 -80.3 285.0 71.3 13315.3 358.5 -----
SIGT 161.0 -58.5 -82.5 285.0 59.7 13545.5 361.9 -----
SIGW 156.6 -56.9 -82.4 285.0 50.9 13719.0 367.5 -----
SIGT 155.0 -56.3 -82.3 282.6 50.9 13785.6 369.6 -----
MAND 150.0 -56.9 -84.3 275.0 50.9 13993.7 372.1 -----
SIGT 143.0 -58.9 -84.9 266.0 54.4 14295.1 373.7 -----
SIGW 142.2 -58.7 -84.9 265.0 54.8 14329.0 374.6 -----
SIGT 140.0 -58.1 -85.0 268.8 54.9 14428.4 377.4 -----
SIGT 136.0 -59.3 -85.0 275.8 55.1 14610.6 378.4 -----
SIGT 133.0 -59.1 -85.1 281.1 55.3 14750.4 381.2 -----
SIGT 127.0 -61.3 -84.9 292.2 55.7 15038.5 382.3 -----
SIGT 124.0 -59.5 -84.5 297.9 55.9 15187.5 388.2 -----
SIGW 122.9 -59.8 -84.5 300.0 55.9 15243.0 388.6 -----
SIGT 121.0 -60.3 -84.5 301.6 50.2 15340.5 389.4 -----
SIGT 120.0 -59.5 -84.5 302.4 47.1 15392.4 391.8 -----
SIGW 117.1 -59.9 -84.9 305.0 37.9 15548.0 393.9 -----
SIGT 117.0 -59.9 -84.9 304.9 37.8 15550.7 393.9 -----
SIGT 114.0 -59.5 -84.9 296.9 32.5 15713.2 397.6 -----
SIGT 112.0 -58.3 -84.9 291.4 28.9 15824.3 401.9 -----
SIGW 111.5 -58.5 -84.9 290.0 28.0 15853.0 402.0 -----
SIGT 105.0 -61.3 -84.9 287.2 31.2 16227.8 403.6 -----
SIGT 104.0 -60.9 -84.9 286.8 31.7 16287.2 405.5 -----
SIGT 101.0 -61.7 -84.9 285.5 33.3 16468.9 407.4 -----
MAND 100.0 -61.1 -84.9 285.0 33.8 16530.7 409.7 -----
SIGT 90.3 -61.9 -84.9 290.4 27.7 17163.4 420.2 -----
SIGT 87.3 -59.7 -84.9 292.2 25.7 17373.7 428.7 -----
SIGT 80.0 -59.9 -84.9 296.8 20.5 17919.6 439.2 -----
SIGW 75.3 -62.9 -84.9 300.0 16.9 18292.0 440.5 -----
SIGT 75.0 -63.1 -84.9 302.2 17.0 18319.8 440.6 -----
SIGT 71.1 -63.3 -84.9 327.6 17.7 18648.3 447.0 -----
MAND 70.0 -61.9 -84.9 335.0 17.9 18744.5 452.0 -----
SIGT 68.6 -60.5 -84.9 319.1 9.2 18870.0 457.6 -----
SIGW 68.2 -60.6 -84.9 315.0 7.0 18902.0 458.0 -----
SIGT 66.1 -61.3 -84.9 292.2 11.6 19100.9 460.8 -----
SIGW 65.0 -60.9 -84.9 280.0 14.0 19207.0 463.8 -----
SIGW 59.0 -58.9 -84.9 265.0 11.8 19817.0 481.5 -----
SIGT 56.3 -57.9 -84.9 321.8 10.9 20105.0 490.1 -----
SIGW 56.2 -57.9 -84.9 325.0 10.9 20121.0 490.5 -----
SIGW 53.5 -58.0 -84.9 280.0 10.9 20426.0 497.1 -----
MAND 50.0 -58.1 -84.9 290.0 16.9 20853.1 506.6 -----
SIGW 48.6 -58.5 -84.9 305.0 12.8 21036.0 509.9 -----
SIGT 47.9 -58.7 -84.9 302.1 11.2 21123.1 511.4 -----
SIGW 46.3 -58.1 -84.9 295.0 7.0 21341.0 517.8 -----
SIGT 41.9 -56.5 -84.9 305.3 13.8 21968.4 536.8 -----
SIGW 40.0 -56.8 -84.9 310.0 16.9 22256.0 543.2 -----
SIGT 37.7 -57.1 -84.9 316.3 7.5 22638.0 551.7 -----
SIGW 36.4 -55.6 -84.9 320.0 1.9 22865.0 561.2 -----
SIGT 35.9 -55.1 -84.9 304.8 4.1 22949.1 564.7 -----
SIGW 34.7 -55.5 -84.9 265.0 9.9 23170.0 569.4 -----
SIGT 33.2 -55.9 -84.9 287.8 12.6 23447.7 575.4 -----
SIGW 33.1 -55.8 -84.9 290.0 12.8 23475.0 576.3 -----
MAND 30.0 -54.1 -84.9 305.0 3.9 24095.6 597.2 -----
SIGW 28.7 -53.3 -84.9 315.0 4.9 24390.0 607.2 -----
SIGT 25.0 -50.9 -84.9 358.5 0.2 25274.4 638.3 -----
SIGW 24.9 -51.0 -84.9 0.0 0.0 25304.0 638.9 -----
SIGW 21.6 -53.5 -85.1 295.0 14.0 26219.0 657.9 -----
SIGT 21.3 -53.7 -85.1 314.6 14.3 26310.8 659.8 -----
SIGW 20.6 -52.9 -85.1 360.0 15.0 26524.0 668.6 -----
MAND 20.0 -52.1 -85.1 360.0 14.0 26717.3 676.7 -----
SIGT 18.7 -50.3 -84.3 36.3 13.3 27154.4 695.5 -----
SIGW 17.9 -50.9 -84.4 60.0 12.8 27439.0 702.4 -----
SIGT 17.1 -51.5 -84.5 64.9 10.0 27736.8 709.7 -----
SIGW 17.1 -51.5 -84.5 65.0 9.9 27743.0 710.0 -----
SIGT 16.6 -50.1 -84.1 101.8 14.2 27930.2 720.2 -----
SIGW 16.3 -50.2 -84.2 125.0 16.9 28048.0 723.5 -----
SIGW 15.6 -50.6 -84.6 145.0 9.9 28353.0 732.0 -----
SIGT 15.4 -50.7 -84.7 140.1 9.2 28419.9 733.9 -----
SIGT 14.5 -48.1 -82.1 110.9 5.3 28814.7 755.3 -----
SIGW 14.2 -47.8 -82.0 100.0 3.9 28963.0 761.2 -----
SIGT 13.0 -46.7 -81.7 104.7 10.5 29537.1 784.2 -----
SIGW 12.9 -46.9 -81.8 105.0 10.9 29573.0 784.9 -----
SIGW 11.8 -49.4 -83.6 115.0 12.8 30182.0 796.6 -----
SIGT 11.6 -49.9 -83.9 113.0 13.3 30287.8 798.7 -----
MAND 10.0 -51.5 -84.5 95.0 17.9 31255.2 827.3 -----
SIGT 8.7 -50.1 -84.1 ----- ----- 32162.5 866.4 -----
SIGT 8.3 -45.1 -80.1 ----- ----- 32473.6 897.8 -----
SIGT 7.5 -45.7 -80.7 ----- ----- 33149.9 921.8 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 16 Sep 2019259
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 14.5 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 295.0 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 324.3 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 11.1 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 910 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 14.0 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 663 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = 648 mb
Convective Temperature (CVT) = 34.0 C
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 24.8 C
K Index (KI) = 28.4
Lifted Index (LI) = 3.1
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 210.0
Showalter Index (ShI) = 5.3
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 41.4
Precipitable Water (PW) = 34.8 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 188 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 3 J/kg
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 83 J/kg
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 328 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -2308 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 331 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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