================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024114 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=102 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 989.0 9.4 -2.6 200.0 10.9 221.0 283.5 3.193 SIGT 988.0 10.2 -2.8 200.5 11.4 229.4 284.3 3.149 SIGT 958.0 9.2 -5.8 217.0 27.3 485.4 285.8 2.588 SIGT 950.0 10.0 -7.0 221.5 31.6 555.0 287.3 2.380 SIGW 943.8 9.9 -7.1 225.0 35.0 609.0 287.8 2.379 SIGT 936.0 9.8 -7.2 229.1 35.0 678.3 288.4 2.378 MAND 925.0 9.0 -6.0 235.0 35.0 776.3 288.5 2.640 SIGW 876.3 5.0 -6.1 235.0 30.9 1219.0 288.9 2.760 MAND 850.0 2.8 -6.2 235.0 29.9 1468.8 289.1 2.830 SIGT 821.0 0.0 -7.0 242.8 29.2 1748.6 289.0 2.755 SIGW 812.7 -0.7 -6.9 245.0 28.9 1829.0 289.1 2.799 SIGW 782.1 -3.3 -6.6 240.0 26.8 2134.0 289.5 2.973 SIGT 767.0 -4.7 -6.5 240.0 26.8 2289.4 289.6 3.066 SIGT 761.0 -4.9 -7.6 240.0 26.8 2351.2 290.1 2.838 SIGW 752.6 -4.7 -10.5 240.0 26.8 2439.0 291.2 2.283 SIGT 752.0 -4.7 -10.7 240.1 27.0 2444.9 291.3 2.249 SIGT 746.0 -3.9 -16.9 241.1 28.7 2508.1 292.8 1.364 SIGT 736.0 -3.1 -22.1 242.9 31.5 2614.8 294.8 0.884 SIGW 724.2 -2.8 -28.2 245.0 35.0 2743.0 296.5 0.519 SIGT 714.0 -2.5 -33.5 245.0 36.2 2855.3 298.0 0.318 MAND 700.0 -2.9 -29.9 245.0 37.9 3012.3 299.3 0.457 SIGT 688.0 -3.9 -23.9 246.1 38.1 3149.0 299.7 0.806 SIGT 674.0 -4.5 -26.5 247.3 38.3 3311.1 300.8 0.651 SIGT 651.0 -6.7 -26.7 249.4 38.7 3583.4 301.3 0.662 SIGT 649.0 -6.9 -26.9 249.6 38.8 3607.4 301.3 0.652 SIGW 644.8 -7.3 -26.3 250.0 38.9 3658.0 301.4 0.691 SIGT 624.0 -9.5 -23.5 245.8 41.8 3912.5 301.7 0.921 SIGT 614.0 -10.3 -26.3 243.8 43.2 4037.2 302.2 0.728 SIGW 595.7 -12.2 -25.9 240.0 45.8 4268.0 302.6 0.777 SIGT 568.0 -15.3 -25.3 240.0 41.7 4631.5 303.1 0.862 SIGT 553.0 -16.5 -30.5 240.0 39.4 4833.3 304.0 0.547 SIGW 549.7 -16.9 -30.5 240.0 38.9 4878.0 304.1 0.549 SIGT 516.0 -20.9 -30.9 250.1 36.9 5349.8 304.8 0.565 SIGT 505.0 -22.3 -35.3 253.4 36.2 5508.7 305.0 0.377 MAND 500.0 -22.7 -39.7 255.0 35.9 5581.8 305.4 0.243 SIGT 498.0 -22.9 -39.9 254.7 36.0 5611.2 305.5 0.239 SIGT 491.0 -23.7 -37.7 253.7 36.2 5714.9 305.7 0.304 SIGT 486.0 -23.9 -43.9 253.0 36.3 5789.7 306.4 0.159 SIGT 482.0 -24.3 -44.3 252.4 36.4 5850.0 306.6 0.154 SIGT 466.0 -25.9 -29.3 250.0 36.9 6095.4 307.6 0.727 SIGW 465.9 -25.9 -29.3 250.0 36.9 6097.0 307.6 0.729 SIGT 459.0 -25.3 -27.6 251.5 36.9 6205.2 309.7 0.865 MAND 400.0 -32.7 -35.4 265.0 36.9 7189.9 312.5 0.471 SIGT 97.2 -57.3 -36.1 260.4 31.3 16648.7 420.4 ----- SIGW 86.7 -55.7 -61.7 260.0 30.9 17378.0 437.6 ----- SIGW 82.6 -55.1 -72.4 275.0 33.8 17682.0 445.0 ----- SIGW 78.8 -54.4 -83.1 260.0 28.9 17987.0 452.5 ----- SIGT 78.2 -54.3 -84.5 262.3 28.3 18033.9 453.6 ----- SIGW 75.1 -55.0 -84.6 275.0 24.9 18292.0 457.5 ----- SIGW 71.6 -55.7 -84.7 265.0 22.0 18597.0 462.2 ----- MAND 70.0 -56.1 -84.7 255.0 24.9 18741.3 464.4 ----- SIGW 68.3 -55.6 -84.7 245.0 28.0 18902.0 468.8 ----- SIGW 65.1 -54.7 -84.7 255.0 35.0 19207.0 477.2 ----- SIGW 62.1 -53.8 -84.7 260.0 32.8 19512.0 485.8 ----- SIGW 56.5 -51.9 -84.7 260.0 22.9 20121.0 503.3 ----- SIGT 55.8 -51.7 -84.7 253.7 22.4 20197.8 505.5 ----- SIGW 53.9 -51.9 -84.6 235.0 21.0 20426.0 510.2 ----- SIGW 51.4 -52.1 -84.6 250.0 28.0 20731.0 516.5 ----- MAND 50.0 -52.3 -84.5 255.0 25.8 20909.0 520.2 ----- SIGT 46.9 -51.5 -84.5 283.8 17.3 21324.0 531.8 ----- SIGW 46.8 -51.6 -84.5 285.0 16.9 21341.0 531.9 ----- SIGW 44.6 -53.5 -84.5 240.0 15.0 21646.0 534.5 ----- SIGW 42.5 -55.5 -84.5 230.0 30.9 21951.0 537.0 ----- SIGT 42.3 -55.7 -84.5 231.8 30.4 21988.1 537.3 ----- SIGT 40.5 -54.3 -84.5 245.5 26.8 22266.0 547.6 ----- SIGT 39.7 -51.9 -84.5 251.9 25.1 22394.7 556.7 ----- SIGW 38.7 -51.6 -84.5 260.0 22.9 22560.0 561.5 ----- SIGT 38.2 -51.5 -84.5 254.5 22.1 22644.6 563.9 ----- SIGT 37.6 -51.5 -84.5 247.7 21.1 22747.4 566.5 ----- SIGT 36.4 -52.3 -84.5 233.9 19.0 22957.7 569.7 ----- SIGW 35.2 -51.9 -84.5 220.0 16.9 23170.0 576.2 ----- SIGW 32.1 -50.6 -84.5 235.0 19.8 23780.0 595.2 ----- SIGW 30.6 -50.0 -84.5 280.0 12.8 24085.0 604.9 ----- MAND 30.0 -49.7 -84.5 270.0 8.9 24216.4 609.2 ----- SIGT 28.2 -48.5 -84.5 274.2 11.4 24622.6 623.4 ----- SIGW 27.9 -48.7 -84.7 275.0 11.8 24695.0 624.8 ----- SIGT 27.3 -49.1 -85.1 272.7 13.3 24835.8 627.5 ----- SIGT 26.9 -47.7 -84.7 271.1 14.3 24933.0 634.1 ----- SIGW 26.6 -47.9 -84.7 270.0 15.0 25000.0 635.5 ----- SIGW 25.4 -48.6 -84.8 275.0 12.8 25304.0 641.8 ----- SIGW 24.3 -49.4 -84.8 275.0 9.9 25609.0 648.1 ----- SIGW 23.2 -50.2 -84.9 180.0 9.9 25914.0 654.5 ----- SIGT 23.0 -50.3 -84.9 185.5 11.8 25961.8 655.5 ----- SIGW 22.1 -49.9 -84.9 215.0 22.0 26219.0 664.1 ----- SIGW 21.1 -49.4 -84.9 230.0 17.9 26524.0 674.4 ----- MAND 20.0 -48.9 -84.9 225.0 24.9 26877.2 686.5 ----- SIGW 18.4 -46.9 -84.4 235.0 29.9 27439.0 709.7 ----- SIGT 17.9 -46.3 -84.3 249.1 26.5 27610.4 716.9 ----- SIGW 17.5 -46.2 -84.3 260.0 23.9 27743.0 721.4 ----- SIGW 16.8 -45.9 -84.4 235.0 18.8 28048.0 731.8 ----- SIGT 15.7 -45.5 -84.5 231.4 17.5 28483.6 746.9 ----- SIGW 15.3 -46.0 -84.7 230.0 16.9 28658.0 750.8 ----- SIGW 14.6 -47.0 -85.0 245.0 14.0 28963.0 757.6 ----- SIGT 14.5 -47.1 -85.1 245.0 14.9 29012.1 758.7 ----- SIGW 13.3 -45.2 -84.6 245.0 25.8 29573.0 783.7 ----- SIGT 12.8 -44.3 -84.3 267.1 17.9 29843.2 796.0 ----- SIGW 12.7 -44.4 -84.3 270.0 16.9 29878.0 796.9 ----- SIGW 12.2 -45.0 -83.9 245.0 22.9 30182.0 805.1 ----- SIGT 11.1 -46.3 -83.6 254.3 27.5 30794.6 821.9 ----- MAND 10.0 -42.1 -83.1 265.0 32.8 31494.7 862.4 ----- SIGT 6.9 -34.1 -77.1 ----- ----- 34050.3 992.2 ----- SIGT 6.2 -35.1 -78.1 ----- ----- 34798.0 1018.7 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 23 Apr 2024114 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -5.7 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 287.2 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 294.4 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.7 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 750 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -8.6 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 750 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 16.7 C K Index (KI) = -7.7 Lifted Index (LI) = 10.2 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 163.6 Showalter Index (ShI) = 8.5 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 42.0 Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.9 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 170 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 298 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 314 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 400 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done