================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024116 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=172
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 996.0 5.2 -1.8 45.0 3.9 221.0 278.7 3.365
SIGW 949.4 1.3 -4.1 30.0 8.0 609.0 278.6 2.978
SIGT 939.0 0.4 -4.6 30.0 9.2 698.4 278.5 2.894
MAND 925.0 -0.5 -6.5 30.0 10.9 818.8 278.8 2.540
SIGT 920.0 -0.9 -5.9 29.5 11.5 862.2 278.8 2.675
SIGT 907.0 -1.7 -8.7 28.0 13.2 975.7 279.1 2.183
SIGT 902.0 -1.9 -11.9 27.5 13.9 1019.7 279.4 1.702
SIGT 883.0 -2.9 -11.9 25.4 16.4 1188.8 280.1 1.739
SIGW 879.6 -3.1 -12.3 25.0 16.9 1219.0 280.1 1.692
SIGT 864.0 -4.1 -14.1 19.8 12.7 1360.8 280.5 1.486
SIGT 858.0 -3.3 -22.3 17.7 11.1 1415.8 281.9 0.745
MAND 850.0 -3.5 -32.5 15.0 8.9 1489.9 282.5 0.294
SIGT 848.0 -3.1 -36.1 15.0 9.5 1508.5 283.1 0.207
SIGW 846.3 -3.0 -34.7 15.0 9.9 1524.0 283.3 0.238
SIGT 838.0 -2.7 -27.7 0.8 11.2 1602.5 284.5 0.469
SIGT 836.0 -2.5 -32.5 357.4 11.5 1621.4 284.9 0.299
SIGT 835.0 -2.5 -29.5 355.7 11.7 1630.9 285.0 0.398
SIGT 833.0 -2.7 -24.7 352.3 12.0 1650.0 285.0 0.620
SIGT 827.0 -2.9 -10.9 342.0 12.9 1707.3 285.3 2.012
SIGT 817.0 -3.1 -3.9 324.6 14.5 1803.7 286.1 3.509
SIGW 814.4 -3.2 -3.9 320.0 15.0 1829.0 286.3 3.527
SIGT 796.0 -3.7 -3.7 311.1 13.7 2010.0 287.6 3.657
SIGW 783.6 -4.5 -4.5 305.0 12.8 2134.0 288.0 3.491
SIGT 778.0 -4.9 -4.9 305.9 13.2 2190.6 288.2 3.417
SIGT 759.0 -6.3 -6.3 309.1 14.6 2384.8 288.8 3.147
SIGT 757.0 -6.1 -7.6 309.5 14.7 2405.5 289.2 2.853
SIGW 753.8 -6.2 -8.1 310.0 15.0 2439.0 289.4 2.755
SIGT 748.0 -6.5 -9.0 310.0 15.1 2499.1 289.7 2.588
SIGW 724.9 -8.8 -9.7 310.0 15.9 2743.0 289.9 2.527
SIGT 712.0 -10.1 -10.1 315.2 16.4 2882.5 289.9 2.492
MAND 700.0 -11.1 -11.1 320.0 16.9 3013.5 290.2 2.341
SIGT 699.0 -11.1 -11.1 321.6 17.2 3024.4 290.3 2.344
SIGW 696.9 -11.3 -11.4 325.0 17.9 3048.0 290.3 2.292
SIGT 693.0 -11.7 -12.0 323.6 18.6 3090.7 290.4 2.199
SIGT 692.0 -9.9 -14.0 323.2 18.8 3101.8 292.5 1.871
SIGT 691.0 -9.7 -14.5 322.9 18.9 3112.9 292.8 1.799
SIGT 688.0 -9.5 -15.5 321.8 19.5 3146.6 293.4 1.663
SIGT 679.0 -8.9 -29.9 318.4 21.2 3248.5 295.2 0.472
SIGT 677.0 -8.9 -34.9 317.7 21.6 3271.3 295.4 0.292
SIGT 675.0 -8.9 -36.9 316.9 21.9 3294.2 295.7 0.240
SIGW 669.9 -9.2 -38.4 315.0 22.9 3353.0 296.1 0.207
SIGT 663.0 -9.5 -40.5 313.7 22.4 3433.0 296.5 0.169
SIGW 643.9 -10.3 -41.3 310.0 21.0 3658.0 298.2 0.160
SIGT 619.0 -11.3 -42.3 307.5 21.5 3961.7 300.4 0.149
SIGT 609.0 -11.9 -39.9 306.5 21.7 4086.6 301.1 0.195
SIGT 605.0 -12.5 -30.5 306.1 21.7 4136.9 300.9 0.500
SIGT 599.0 -12.9 -44.9 305.5 21.9 4213.0 301.3 0.116
SIGW 594.7 -13.3 -45.1 305.0 22.0 4268.0 301.5 0.115
SIGT 557.0 -16.7 -46.7 296.9 25.1 4763.4 303.2 0.102
SIGT 552.0 -17.1 -35.1 295.8 25.5 4831.1 303.5 0.351
SIGT 549.0 -17.5 -45.5 295.1 25.8 4871.9 303.5 0.118
SIGW 548.6 -17.5 -45.8 295.0 25.8 4878.0 303.6 0.115
SIGT 546.0 -17.5 -47.5 294.4 25.8 4913.0 304.0 0.096
SIGT 526.0 -19.9 -34.9 289.9 25.3 5191.3 304.3 0.376
SIGT 521.0 -20.5 -36.5 288.7 25.2 5262.1 304.5 0.324
SIGT 517.0 -20.9 -45.9 287.8 25.1 5319.1 304.6 0.120
SIGT 514.0 -21.3 -39.3 287.1 25.1 5362.1 304.7 0.247
SIGT 507.0 -22.1 -46.1 285.4 24.9 5463.1 304.9 0.120
SIGW 505.4 -22.3 -44.4 285.0 24.9 5487.0 304.9 0.145
MAND 500.0 -22.9 -38.9 290.0 26.8 5565.2 305.1 0.264
SIGW 464.3 -27.4 -42.6 295.0 28.0 6097.0 306.0 0.193
SIGW 426.5 -32.6 -46.8 300.0 29.9 6707.0 306.9 0.133
SIGT 422.0 -33.3 -47.3 299.2 30.1 6783.2 307.0 0.126
SIGT 406.0 -35.1 -52.1 296.2 30.7 7053.8 308.1 0.082
MAND 400.0 -35.9 -51.9 295.0 30.9 7157.5 308.3 0.085
SIGW 373.8 -39.5 -54.9 300.0 30.9 7621.0 309.6 0.064
SIGT 353.0 -42.5 -57.5 293.6 30.9 8014.4 310.7 0.053
SIGW 341.8 -44.2 -57.4 290.0 30.9 8231.0 311.2 0.055
SIGT 329.0 -46.3 -57.3 298.4 31.3 8486.3 311.8 0.058
SIGT 319.0 -47.3 -57.3 305.1 31.6 8691.1 313.2 0.060
SIGW 311.8 -48.4 -58.0 310.0 31.9 8841.0 313.6 0.057
MAND 300.0 -50.3 -59.3 310.0 29.9 9094.8 314.5 0.051
SIGW 297.6 -50.6 -59.6 305.0 29.9 9146.0 314.7 0.049
SIGT 278.0 -53.3 -62.3 310.9 29.1 9588.7 317.1 0.040
SIGT 276.0 -53.5 -61.5 311.6 29.1 9635.2 317.4 0.044
SIGT 274.0 -53.9 -63.9 312.2 29.0 9682.0 317.5 -----
SIGT 271.0 -54.5 -61.5 313.1 28.9 9752.6 317.6 0.0
SIGT 264.0 -55.5 -61.5 315.4 28.6 9919.9 318.6 0.0
SIGT 258.0 -56.3 -64.3 317.3 28.3 10066.3 319.5 -----
SIGT 256.0 -56.7 -62.7 318.0 28.2 10115.7 319.6 0.0
SIGT 251.0 -57.1 -67.1 319.7 28.0 10240.6 320.8 -----
MAND 250.0 -57.3 -66.3 320.0 28.0 10265.9 320.9 -----
SIGW 246.1 -57.6 -65.8 320.0 28.0 10365.0 321.9 -----
TRO1 245.0 -57.7 -65.7 320.0 28.9 10393.6 322.2 -----
SIGT 227.0 -55.7 -73.7 320.0 33.0 10877.5 332.3 -----
SIGT 224.0 -53.5 -79.5 320.0 33.7 10962.7 337.0 -----
SIGW 223.6 -53.4 -79.4 320.0 33.8 10975.0 337.3 -----
SIGT 223.0 -53.3 -79.3 318.1 33.8 10991.5 337.7 -----
SIGW 213.2 -54.3 -79.2 285.0 33.8 11280.0 340.6 -----
SIGT 205.0 -55.1 -79.1 288.1 37.5 11531.5 343.1 -----
MAND 200.0 -54.1 -78.1 290.0 39.8 11689.6 347.1 -----
SIGW 193.9 -53.6 -79.0 290.0 40.8 11890.0 351.1 -----
SIGW 184.9 -52.8 -80.4 305.0 39.8 12195.0 357.2 -----
SIGW 176.4 -51.9 -81.8 290.0 36.9 12500.0 363.4 -----
SIGT 172.0 -51.5 -82.5 290.0 39.0 12663.4 366.7 -----
SIGW 160.6 -51.7 -82.7 290.0 44.9 13109.0 373.6 -----
SIGW 153.2 -51.8 -82.8 295.0 35.9 13414.0 378.5 -----
MAND 150.0 -51.9 -82.9 285.0 37.9 13551.5 380.7 -----
SIGW 126.9 -52.6 -84.2 275.0 35.9 14634.0 398.1 -----
SIGT 117.0 -52.9 -84.9 275.0 37.6 15158.6 406.9 -----
SIGW 115.5 -53.1 -84.9 275.0 37.9 15243.0 408.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -54.9 -84.9 285.0 36.9 16167.2 421.7 -----
SIGW 95.5 -55.0 -84.8 285.0 36.9 16463.0 427.1 -----
SIGW 91.0 -55.1 -84.7 300.0 30.9 16768.0 432.8 -----
SIGT 90.0 -55.1 -84.7 292.9 30.2 16840.7 434.2 -----
SIGW 86.8 -54.5 -84.7 270.0 28.0 17073.0 439.8 -----
SIGW 82.8 -53.8 -84.7 285.0 30.9 17378.0 447.4 -----
SIGT 77.4 -52.7 -84.7 267.3 29.5 17809.6 458.3 -----
SIGW 75.3 -53.1 -84.8 260.0 28.9 17987.0 461.2 -----
SIGW 71.8 -53.7 -85.1 260.0 30.9 18292.0 466.1 -----
SIGT 71.8 -53.7 -85.1 260.0 31.0 18293.6 466.1 -----
MAND 70.0 -52.1 -85.1 255.0 43.9 18457.5 472.9 -----
SIGT 65.5 -53.5 -84.7 255.0 43.9 18886.5 479.0 -----
SIGW 65.3 -53.1 -84.7 255.0 43.9 18902.0 480.1 -----
SIGT 64.7 -51.7 -84.7 258.7 43.0 18965.9 484.6 -----
SIGW 59.5 -50.8 -84.4 290.0 35.0 19512.0 498.4 -----
SIGW 56.8 -50.3 -84.2 265.0 33.8 19817.0 506.3 -----
SIGT 56.0 -50.1 -84.1 262.8 31.0 19906.3 508.7 -----
SIGW 51.7 -52.8 -84.7 250.0 15.0 20426.0 514.2 -----
MAND 50.0 -53.9 -84.8 230.0 19.8 20640.7 516.5 -----
SIGW 47.0 -56.0 -84.9 235.0 22.9 21036.0 520.7 -----
SIGT 46.0 -56.7 -84.9 248.5 22.0 21173.0 522.2 -----
SIGT 45.2 -54.1 -84.9 259.5 21.3 21284.9 531.1 -----
SIGW 44.8 -54.2 -84.9 265.0 21.0 21341.0 532.2 -----
SIGT 43.3 -54.7 -84.9 272.2 26.0 21560.2 536.2 -----
SIGW 42.7 -54.3 -84.9 275.0 28.0 21646.0 539.2 -----
SIGW 40.8 -52.9 -84.9 260.0 26.8 21951.0 550.1 -----
SIGW 38.9 -51.5 -84.9 270.0 15.0 22256.0 561.1 -----
SIGW 37.1 -50.1 -84.9 220.0 16.9 22560.0 572.3 -----
SIGT 36.9 -49.9 -84.9 224.6 17.0 22595.2 573.6 -----
SIGW 35.4 -50.6 -84.9 260.0 17.9 22865.0 578.5 -----
SIGT 34.9 -50.9 -84.9 253.8 18.3 22958.9 580.2 -----
SIGT 32.6 -47.7 -84.7 224.5 20.6 23406.0 600.2 -----
SIGT 32.5 -47.7 -84.7 223.2 20.7 23426.3 600.7 -----
SIGW 32.3 -47.9 -84.6 220.0 21.0 23475.0 601.6 -----
SIGW 30.8 -48.9 -84.2 255.0 21.0 23780.0 606.8 -----
SIGT 30.5 -49.1 -84.1 258.7 17.6 23844.6 607.9 -----
MAND 30.0 -48.7 -84.7 265.0 11.8 23953.2 611.9 -----
SIGW 28.1 -48.9 -84.9 255.0 7.0 24390.0 623.0 -----
SIGW 26.8 -49.1 -85.1 250.0 31.9 24695.0 630.9 -----
SIGT 26.7 -49.1 -85.1 250.4 31.4 24718.9 631.5 -----
SIGT 25.0 -47.1 -84.1 257.5 23.7 25152.8 649.3 -----
SIGW 24.4 -47.5 -84.2 260.0 21.0 25304.0 652.3 -----
SIGT 23.1 -48.5 -84.5 266.1 30.1 25674.7 660.0 -----
SIGW 22.3 -47.8 -84.3 270.0 35.9 25914.0 668.8 -----
SIGW 20.3 -46.2 -84.0 285.0 22.0 26524.0 691.7 -----
MAND 20.0 -45.9 -83.9 260.0 15.9 26628.7 695.7 -----
SIGW 18.5 -46.5 -84.5 255.0 16.9 27134.0 709.0 -----
SIGT 18.2 -46.7 -84.7 257.0 17.3 27255.6 712.2 -----
SIGT 18.0 -45.3 -84.3 258.2 17.5 27329.1 718.9 -----
SIGW 17.7 -45.8 -84.2 260.0 17.9 27439.0 720.8 -----
SIGT 17.5 -46.1 -84.1 260.0 20.7 27516.9 722.2 -----
SIGW 16.9 -45.6 -84.0 260.0 28.9 27743.0 730.8 -----
SIGW 16.2 -44.9 -83.8 275.0 23.9 28048.0 742.5 -----
SIGW 14.8 -43.6 -83.4 280.0 23.9 28658.0 766.6 -----
SIGW 14.1 -42.9 -83.2 290.0 28.9 28963.0 778.9 -----
SIGW 13.5 -42.2 -83.0 285.0 15.0 29268.0 791.4 -----
SIGT 13.2 -41.9 -82.9 280.3 18.7 29410.2 797.3 -----
SIGW 12.9 -41.9 -82.9 275.0 22.9 29573.0 802.9 -----
SIGT 11.8 -41.7 -82.7 285.4 28.8 30170.3 824.0 -----
SIGT 11.1 -43.5 -83.5 292.7 32.9 30583.4 832.0 -----
MAND 10.0 -42.1 -83.1 305.0 39.8 31287.8 862.4 -----
SIGT 8.3 -43.3 -83.3 ----- ----- 32546.0 904.9 -----
SIGT 7.6 -41.5 -82.5 ----- ----- 33141.7 935.3 -----
SIGT 7.4 -39.5 -80.5 ----- ----- 33323.5 950.6 -----
SIGT 7.2 -40.1 -81.1 ----- ----- 33510.8 955.6 -----
SIGT 6.8 -36.1 -79.1 ----- ----- 33904.5 988.0 -----
SIGT 6.7 -36.9 -78.9 ----- ----- 34007.2 988.9 -----
SIGT 6.3 -34.7 -77.7 ----- ----- 34435.3 1015.8 -----
SIGT 5.9 -36.7 -78.7 ----- ----- 34891.7 1026.3 -----
SIGT 5.6 -32.7 -76.7 ----- ----- 35256.3 1059.4 -----
SIGT 4.9 -33.9 -76.9 ----- ----- 36194.8 1095.2 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 25 Apr 2024116
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -5.1 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 278.8 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 286.0 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.8 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 860 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -6.2 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 860 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 8.1 C
K Index (KI) = -13.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 16.3
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 44.7
Showalter Index (ShI) = 18.4
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 9.8
Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.3 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -69 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 289 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 314 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 312 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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