================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2017347 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS= 96
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 978.0 -9.3 -12.7 265.0 17.9 221.0 265.5 1.471
SIGT 975.0 -9.9 -13.7 265.6 18.9 244.7 265.2 1.360
SIGW 929.8 -12.6 -18.4 275.0 35.0 609.0 266.0 0.964
MAND 925.0 -12.9 -18.9 275.0 35.9 648.8 266.1 0.928
SIGT 902.0 -13.9 -20.9 278.6 36.6 840.5 267.0 0.801
SIGW 893.3 -14.6 -21.2 280.0 36.9 914.0 267.1 0.786
SIGW 857.8 -17.3 -22.6 280.0 36.9 1219.0 267.3 0.726
MAND 850.0 -17.9 -22.9 275.0 37.9 1288.3 267.4 0.713
SIGT 825.0 -19.9 -24.7 279.1 41.2 1510.8 267.6 0.626
SIGW 790.2 -22.0 -26.6 285.0 45.8 1829.0 268.7 0.550
SIGT 785.0 -22.3 -26.9 285.8 44.3 1878.0 268.8 0.539
SIGT 774.0 -22.1 -26.9 287.5 40.9 1981.8 270.1 0.546
SIGW 758.0 -23.5 -27.6 290.0 35.9 2134.0 270.3 0.525
SIGW 726.9 -26.3 -28.9 265.0 28.0 2439.0 270.4 0.483
SIGT 714.0 -27.5 -29.5 267.4 30.3 2569.1 270.5 0.466
SIGT 704.0 -27.9 -32.3 269.2 32.1 2670.6 271.2 0.362
SIGT 701.0 -27.7 -34.7 269.8 32.6 2701.3 271.7 0.288
MAND 700.0 -27.3 -35.3 270.0 32.8 2711.6 272.3 0.272
SIGW 697.0 -25.9 -41.5 270.0 32.8 2743.0 274.1 0.144
SIGT 696.0 -25.5 -43.5 270.0 32.7 2753.0 274.7 0.116
SIGT 691.0 -25.7 -50.7 270.0 31.8 2805.3 275.1 0.055
SIGT 680.0 -25.3 -55.3 270.0 30.0 2921.8 276.8 0.034
SIGW 668.3 -25.8 -54.0 270.0 28.0 3048.0 277.5 0.040
SIGT 667.0 -25.9 -53.9 269.5 28.0 3061.8 277.6 0.041
SIGT 656.0 -25.1 -55.1 265.6 28.0 3182.4 279.8 0.036
SIGT 644.0 -25.9 -56.9 261.2 28.0 3316.4 280.4 0.031
SIGW 614.3 -26.2 -56.7 250.0 28.0 3658.0 283.9 0.033
SIGT 579.0 -26.5 -56.5 250.0 29.3 4086.3 288.4 0.036
SIGW 564.5 -28.0 -50.6 250.0 29.9 4268.0 288.7 0.068
SIGT 550.0 -29.5 -44.5 250.0 29.9 4455.4 289.1 0.132
SIGT 526.0 -31.7 -48.7 250.0 29.9 4772.5 290.2 0.087
SIGW 518.2 -32.0 -50.8 250.0 29.9 4878.0 291.1 0.073
MAND 500.0 -32.7 -55.7 235.0 31.9 5130.5 293.2 0.044
SIGW 496.4 -32.8 -56.4 235.0 31.9 5182.0 293.6 0.042
SIGT 494.0 -32.9 -56.9 235.7 31.9 5215.5 294.0 0.040
SIGT 480.0 -34.1 -56.1 240.1 31.9 5417.4 294.9 0.045
SIGW 434.7 -39.7 -56.1 255.0 31.9 6097.0 296.3 0.049
SIGT 402.0 -44.1 -56.1 255.0 29.1 6633.6 297.3 0.053
MAND 400.0 -44.3 -56.3 255.0 28.9 6667.0 297.4 0.053
TRO1 384.0 -45.5 -58.5 245.0 30.9 6940.0 299.3 0.044
SIGT 368.0 -44.7 -63.7 242.9 30.9 7224.4 304.1 -----
SIGW 346.8 -45.2 -66.5 240.0 30.9 7621.0 308.5 -----
SIGW 331.3 -45.7 -68.7 240.0 35.9 7926.0 312.0 -----
SIGT 323.0 -45.9 -69.9 248.3 38.6 8095.2 314.0 -----
SIGT 319.0 -44.3 -70.3 252.4 40.0 8178.5 317.3 -----
SIGW 316.5 -44.0 -71.7 255.0 40.8 8231.0 318.5 -----
SIGT 305.0 -42.3 -78.3 267.3 38.4 8480.7 324.2 -----
SIGW 302.5 -41.8 ----- 270.0 37.9 8536.0 325.7 -----
MAND 300.0 -41.3 ----- 265.0 36.9 8592.8 327.2 -----
SIGT 289.0 -40.3 ----- 269.6 32.8 8847.1 332.1 -----
SIGW 276.6 -41.0 ----- 275.0 28.0 9146.0 335.3 -----
SIGW 252.8 -42.3 ----- 285.0 19.8 9756.0 342.1 -----
MAND 250.0 -42.5 ----- 285.0 21.0 9831.5 342.9 -----
SIGW 231.0 -42.7 ----- 260.0 26.8 10365.0 350.4 -----
SIGW 211.0 -43.0 ----- 275.0 22.9 10975.0 359.2 -----
MAND 200.0 -43.1 ----- 260.0 19.8 11337.6 364.5 -----
SIGW 192.8 -43.4 ----- 240.0 21.0 11585.0 368.0 -----
SIGW 184.2 -43.7 ----- 255.0 19.8 11890.0 372.3 -----
SIGW 176.0 -44.0 ----- 230.0 25.8 12195.0 376.6 -----
SIGW 168.2 -44.3 ----- 255.0 29.9 12500.0 381.0 -----
MAND 150.0 -45.1 ----- 260.0 29.9 13268.4 392.4 -----
SIGW 116.4 -48.8 ----- 260.0 39.8 14939.0 414.9 -----
MAND 100.0 -51.1 ----- 255.0 23.9 15942.1 429.0 -----
SIGT 94.7 -52.3 ----- 251.9 22.2 16295.5 433.4 -----
SIGT 91.3 -50.9 ----- 249.9 21.1 16532.9 440.7 -----
SIGT 84.9 -54.3 ----- 245.8 18.8 17002.5 443.1 -----
SIGT 78.9 -52.7 ----- 241.7 16.5 17474.2 455.8 -----
SIGT 73.0 -54.3 ----- 237.3 14.1 17974.5 462.7 -----
MAND 70.0 -53.9 ----- 235.0 12.8 18243.8 469.1 -----
SIGT 65.8 -53.7 ----- 249.8 13.0 18641.5 477.9 -----
SIGT 60.6 -57.1 ----- 269.4 13.3 19166.8 481.7 -----
SIGT 56.6 -56.3 ----- 285.6 13.6 19599.8 493.0 -----
SIGT 55.3 -54.5 ----- 291.1 13.6 19748.1 500.4 -----
SIGT 50.4 -56.9 ----- 313.1 14.0 20339.3 508.3 -----
MAND 50.0 -56.5 ----- 315.0 14.0 20389.8 510.4 -----
SIGT 44.3 -53.1 ----- 330.5 14.4 21164.2 536.6 -----
SIGT 36.9 -57.1 ----- 353.8 15.1 22332.0 555.1 -----
SIGT 34.6 -56.5 ----- 2.0 15.4 22740.0 567.0 -----
SIGT 32.6 -57.9 ----- 9.5 15.6 23116.7 573.0 -----
MAND 30.0 -55.9 ----- 20.0 15.9 23643.4 592.3 -----
SIGT 27.9 -57.1 ----- 21.8 17.7 24104.1 601.4 -----
SIGT 24.8 -55.9 ----- 24.7 20.6 24851.8 625.4 -----
SIGT 23.8 -53.3 ----- 25.7 21.6 25115.3 640.4 -----
SIGT 22.1 -54.9 ----- 27.5 23.4 25591.0 649.3 -----
SIGT 20.4 -54.3 ----- 29.5 25.4 26103.6 666.2 -----
MAND 20.0 -54.9 ----- 30.0 25.8 26230.4 668.2 -----
SIGT 14.5 -63.5 ----- 15.9 28.7 28246.4 703.7 -----
SIGT 13.2 -67.5 ----- 11.8 29.5 28817.9 709.0 -----
SIGT 12.5 -67.1 ----- 9.5 29.9 29146.6 721.6 -----
SIGT 12.0 -64.9 ----- 7.8 30.3 29394.4 737.8 -----
SIGT 11.0 -65.5 ----- 4.1 31.0 29924.5 754.2 -----
MAND 10.0 -64.1 ----- 360.0 31.9 30506.4 780.3 -----
SIGT 9.0 -61.9 ----- ----- ----- 31155.2 812.7 -----
SIGT 8.2 -62.1 ----- ----- ----- 31731.1 833.8 -----
SIGT 7.8 -59.1 ----- ----- ----- 32042.6 857.8 -----
SIGT 7.1 -58.7 ----- ----- ----- 32632.9 882.8 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 13 Dec 2017347
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -18.2 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 266.2 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 268.8 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 1.0 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 847 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -19.3 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = -----
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = -5.7 C
K Index (KI) = -16.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 20.2
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 107.7
Showalter Index (ShI) = 19.7
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 24.6
Precipitable Water (PW) = 2.1 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 28 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 272 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -6 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 326 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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