================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018264 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS= 98
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 993.0 21.2 17.4 60.0 5.8 221.0 295.0 12.713
SIGT 974.0 19.8 16.3 101.0 8.0 388.5 295.2 12.074
SIGT 966.0 20.8 16.6 118.5 8.9 459.9 296.9 12.416
SIGT 954.0 21.0 15.0 145.1 10.3 568.4 298.1 11.329
SIGW 949.5 20.8 14.8 155.0 10.9 609.0 298.3 11.203
MAND 925.0 19.4 13.4 185.0 14.0 835.5 299.2 10.520
SIGW 916.6 18.8 13.2 190.0 15.9 914.0 299.4 10.509
SIGW 884.5 16.6 12.6 205.0 15.0 1219.0 300.1 10.466
SIGT 862.0 15.0 12.2 218.0 14.3 1439.5 300.7 10.434
SIGT 852.0 14.8 8.8 223.8 14.0 1538.5 301.5 8.386
MAND 850.0 14.8 8.8 225.0 14.0 1558.4 301.7 8.406
SIGT 830.0 14.4 9.5 239.9 16.9 1760.3 303.3 9.034
SIGW 823.3 13.8 10.2 245.0 17.9 1829.0 303.4 9.560
SIGT 814.0 13.0 11.2 249.7 19.5 1924.8 303.5 10.341
SIGW 794.0 11.8 10.5 260.0 22.9 2134.0 304.4 10.108
SIGT 775.0 10.6 9.8 263.3 23.6 2337.3 305.2 9.885
SIGT 767.0 11.2 7.7 264.8 23.8 2424.1 306.8 8.648
SIGW 765.6 11.1 7.7 265.0 23.9 2439.0 306.8 8.676
SIGT 754.0 10.2 7.9 269.2 27.2 2567.1 307.2 8.922
SIGW 738.2 9.3 5.5 275.0 31.9 2743.0 308.0 7.733
SIGT 734.0 9.0 4.9 276.1 32.7 2790.9 308.3 7.434
MAND 700.0 6.2 2.6 285.0 39.8 3182.7 309.4 6.620
SIGT 699.0 6.2 2.6 285.0 39.7 3194.5 309.5 6.630
SIGT 685.0 4.6 2.9 285.0 38.0 3360.3 309.5 6.914
SIGT 664.0 4.0 0.9 285.0 35.4 3614.4 311.6 6.174
SIGW 660.5 3.7 1.0 285.0 35.0 3658.0 311.8 6.272
SIGT 654.0 3.2 1.3 287.0 36.5 3738.0 312.0 6.455
SIGT 649.0 3.2 -0.8 288.5 37.7 3800.3 312.7 5.578
SIGT 637.0 2.2 0.2 292.2 40.7 3951.7 313.3 6.118
SIGW 612.5 0.8 -6.1 300.0 46.8 4268.0 315.2 3.954
SIGT 598.0 0.0 -10.0 293.7 43.7 4460.8 316.4 2.994
SIGT 584.0 -1.5 -11.5 287.5 40.6 4650.2 316.8 2.719
SIGT 573.0 -1.9 -5.4 282.5 38.1 4801.8 318.1 4.474
SIGW 567.5 -2.4 -5.0 280.0 36.9 4878.0 318.4 4.661
SIGT 561.0 -2.9 -4.5 277.0 36.6 4970.2 318.8 4.896
SIGT 557.0 -3.1 -5.5 275.1 36.4 5027.0 319.3 4.569
SIGW 546.1 -4.3 -6.2 270.0 35.9 5182.0 319.6 4.406
SIGT 515.0 -7.9 -8.4 273.3 42.5 5643.4 320.7 3.948
SIGT 505.0 -7.5 -9.4 274.4 44.7 5796.3 323.0 3.721
MAND 500.0 -8.1 -10.2 275.0 45.8 5873.8 323.2 3.527
SIGT 498.0 -8.3 -10.6 276.4 45.8 5905.0 323.3 3.430
SIGT 488.0 -10.3 -19.3 283.4 45.8 6062.1 322.7 1.702
SIGW 485.8 -10.4 -20.2 285.0 45.8 6097.0 323.0 1.585
SIGT 477.0 -10.7 -23.7 287.3 51.4 6237.7 324.3 1.185
SIGT 473.0 -9.9 -32.9 288.4 54.0 6302.6 326.1 0.509
SIGT 469.0 -9.5 -36.5 289.4 56.6 6368.2 327.4 0.360
SIGW 466.9 -9.6 -37.0 290.0 57.9 6402.0 327.7 0.344
SIGT 459.0 -9.9 -38.9 290.0 57.3 6534.6 328.9 0.288
MAND 400.0 -17.5 -39.5 290.0 52.8 7580.7 332.3 0.310
SIGW 97.8 -68.9 -80.9 295.0 28.0 17073.0 397.2 -----
SIGT 97.7 -68.9 -80.9 294.9 28.0 17079.1 397.3 -----
SIGW 92.9 -69.2 -81.8 290.0 29.9 17378.0 402.5 -----
SIGT 90.2 -69.3 -82.3 304.7 29.3 17556.6 405.6 -----
SIGW 88.3 -67.6 -81.8 315.0 28.9 17682.0 411.5 -----
SIGT 85.5 -64.9 -80.9 295.6 28.9 17879.7 420.8 -----
SIGW 84.0 -64.7 -81.3 285.0 28.9 17987.0 423.4 -----
SIGT 83.0 -64.5 -81.5 286.2 28.4 18061.0 425.2 -----
SIGW 79.9 -65.8 -82.8 290.0 26.8 18292.0 427.1 -----
SIGT 78.8 -66.3 -83.3 290.0 26.3 18377.1 427.8 -----
SIGW 76.0 -65.9 -83.8 290.0 24.9 18597.0 433.2 -----
SIGW 72.3 -65.3 -84.5 270.0 23.9 18902.0 440.7 -----
MAND 70.0 -64.9 -84.7 275.0 22.0 19097.2 445.6 -----
SIGW 68.8 -64.7 -84.8 290.0 22.9 19207.0 448.3 -----
SIGT 67.8 -64.5 -84.9 288.6 19.6 19292.3 450.5 -----
SIGW 65.4 -62.2 -84.9 285.0 10.9 19512.0 460.2 -----
SIGT 63.2 -59.9 -84.9 283.2 14.4 19726.6 469.8 -----
SIGW 59.3 -61.6 -84.9 280.0 21.0 20121.0 474.7 -----
SIGT 57.2 -62.5 -84.9 298.4 25.3 20346.1 477.5 -----
SIGW 56.5 -62.3 -84.9 305.0 26.8 20426.0 479.7 -----
SIGW 53.8 -61.6 -84.9 325.0 10.9 20731.0 488.2 -----
SIGW 51.2 -60.8 -84.9 285.0 4.9 21036.0 496.8 -----
MAND 50.0 -60.5 -84.9 310.0 7.0 21180.4 500.9 -----
SIGW 48.7 -60.6 -84.9 265.0 4.9 21341.0 504.5 -----
SIGW 46.4 -60.7 -84.9 250.0 12.8 21646.0 511.3 -----
SIGT 43.3 -60.9 -84.9 274.7 9.0 22076.0 521.0 -----
SIGW 38.2 -59.1 -84.9 320.0 1.9 22865.0 544.7 -----
SIGT 30.8 -55.9 -84.9 235.5 3.7 24219.4 587.8 -----
MAND 30.0 -54.5 -84.9 225.0 3.9 24387.5 596.1 -----
SIGW 28.6 -55.2 -84.9 280.0 18.8 24695.0 602.5 -----
SIGT 28.3 -55.3 -84.9 297.8 16.9 24760.5 603.9 -----
SIGT 27.3 -52.9 -84.9 0.3 10.1 24991.5 616.9 -----
SIGW 26.0 -53.1 -84.9 85.0 1.0 25304.0 625.0 -----
SIGT 25.8 -53.1 -84.9 72.2 2.2 25356.0 626.4 -----
SIGT 23.8 -50.9 -84.9 303.6 14.2 25878.9 647.4 -----
SIGW 23.7 -50.9 -84.9 295.0 15.0 25914.0 648.4 -----
SIGW 22.6 -51.0 -85.0 345.0 10.9 26219.0 657.0 -----
SIGW 21.6 -51.0 -85.0 295.0 1.0 26524.0 665.7 -----
SIGW 20.6 -51.1 -85.1 270.0 9.9 26829.0 674.5 -----
MAND 20.0 -51.1 -85.1 250.0 4.9 27011.2 679.8 -----
SIGW 18.7 -49.9 -84.2 265.0 10.9 27439.0 696.2 -----
SIGT 16.0 -47.1 -82.1 246.1 12.1 28476.1 737.6 -----
SIGT 14.0 -46.9 -81.9 230.0 13.1 29360.9 767.0 -----
SIGT 12.9 -44.5 -80.5 220.0 13.7 29906.3 793.5 -----
SIGW 12.4 -44.8 -80.6 215.0 14.0 30182.0 801.9 -----
MAND 10.0 -46.3 -81.3 255.0 15.9 31605.6 846.8 -----
SIGT 8.2 -41.9 -77.9 ----- ----- 32937.5 913.6 -----
SIGT 7.7 -42.1 -78.1 ----- ----- 33363.6 929.4 -----
SIGT 7.2 -39.9 -76.9 ----- ----- 33820.3 956.4 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 21 Sep 2018264
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 14.7 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 297.9 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 327.9 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 11.3 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 874 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 13.5 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 874 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 28.1 C
K Index (KI) = 28.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 3.9
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 179.6
Showalter Index (ShI) = 5.6
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 39.8
Precipitable Water (PW) = 39.2 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 306 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 332 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 335 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 505 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = 3 J/kg
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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