================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2018288 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=129
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 987.0 10.0 9.4 150.0 4.9 221.0 284.2 7.528
SIGT 979.0 9.4 8.3 161.3 8.2 288.7 284.3 7.040
SIGW 942.0 9.3 8.6 215.0 23.9 609.0 287.3 7.457
MAND 925.0 9.2 8.7 225.0 22.9 760.4 288.7 7.663
SIGT 920.0 9.2 8.8 225.0 21.7 805.5 289.2 7.758
SIGW 908.0 8.8 8.4 225.0 18.8 914.0 289.8 7.672
SIGW 875.2 7.6 7.4 220.0 15.9 1219.0 291.7 7.430
SIGT 874.0 7.6 7.4 220.2 16.5 1230.6 291.8 7.421
MAND 850.0 7.4 7.4 225.0 26.8 1460.6 293.9 7.633
SIGT 818.0 7.2 7.2 229.3 32.8 1777.4 296.9 7.826
SIGW 812.9 7.0 6.9 230.0 33.8 1829.0 297.3 7.725
SIGT 789.0 6.0 5.6 238.1 37.1 2074.7 298.7 7.259
SIGW 783.3 5.5 4.9 240.0 37.9 2134.0 298.8 6.962
SIGT 768.0 4.2 3.0 240.0 39.4 2295.5 299.1 6.204
SIGW 754.5 3.4 2.5 240.0 40.8 2439.0 299.8 6.095
SIGT 728.0 1.8 1.5 240.0 38.0 2729.9 301.1 5.877
SIGW 726.8 1.7 1.1 240.0 37.9 2743.0 301.1 5.738
SIGT 723.0 1.4 0.0 240.7 37.6 2785.6 301.2 5.305
SIGT 707.0 0.4 -0.6 243.7 36.4 2965.8 302.1 5.192
MAND 700.0 -0.5 -3.1 245.0 35.9 3045.7 301.9 4.355
SIGT 692.0 -1.1 -4.6 249.5 34.4 3137.7 302.3 3.933
SIGT 680.0 -1.1 -2.6 256.3 32.1 3277.5 303.8 4.655
SIGW 673.6 -1.5 -2.9 260.0 30.9 3353.0 304.1 4.595
SIGT 663.0 -2.3 -3.4 255.9 35.0 3479.4 304.6 4.497
SIGW 648.2 -4.5 -11.1 250.0 40.8 3658.0 304.1 2.536
SIGT 647.0 -4.7 -11.7 250.0 41.1 3672.8 304.1 2.414
SIGT 639.0 -5.7 -13.7 250.0 43.4 3770.6 304.0 2.078
SIGT 613.0 -6.3 -10.0 250.0 50.8 4096.3 307.0 2.920
SIGT 607.0 -5.3 -6.0 250.0 52.6 4173.5 309.0 4.032
SIGW 599.8 -5.3 -6.3 250.0 54.8 4268.0 310.0 3.999
SIGT 596.0 -5.3 -6.4 250.4 54.9 4317.4 310.6 3.982
SIGW 554.6 -9.4 -10.2 255.0 55.9 4878.0 312.2 3.186
SIGT 548.0 -10.1 -10.8 253.5 55.3 4971.9 312.4 3.066
SIGT 542.0 -10.9 -12.4 252.1 54.7 5056.7 312.5 2.725
SIGW 533.2 -11.7 -13.1 250.0 53.8 5182.0 313.0 2.622
SIGT 524.0 -12.5 -13.8 251.4 56.3 5315.9 313.6 2.515
SIGT 515.0 -12.7 -16.2 252.7 58.8 5448.4 314.9 2.097
MAND 500.0 -14.1 -17.1 255.0 62.9 5673.6 315.9 2.003
SIGT 497.0 -14.5 -17.4 255.5 63.9 5719.3 315.9 1.965
SIGT 489.0 -15.5 -18.5 257.0 66.5 5842.2 316.2 1.819
SIGW 472.7 -17.8 -23.4 260.0 71.9 6097.0 316.4 1.226
SIGT 464.0 -19.1 -26.1 260.0 74.8 6235.9 316.5 0.981
SIGT 448.0 -20.9 -28.9 260.0 80.2 6496.4 317.4 0.785
SIGT 435.0 -22.1 -26.4 260.0 84.7 6713.6 318.5 1.018
SIGW 417.6 -24.4 -27.5 260.0 90.9 7012.0 319.3 0.962
SIGT 414.0 -24.9 -27.7 260.0 90.1 7075.8 319.5 0.950
MAND 400.0 -26.9 -28.2 260.0 86.8 7325.2 320.0 0.939
SIGT 395.0 -27.9 -29.0 260.0 87.1 7415.8 319.9 0.882
SIGW 383.8 -29.6 -35.2 260.0 87.8 7621.0 320.3 0.499
SIGT 383.0 -29.7 -35.7 260.0 87.8 7636.8 320.4 0.477
SIGT 369.0 -31.7 -36.3 260.0 86.9 7901.4 321.1 0.467
SIGT 359.0 -33.5 -41.5 260.0 86.3 8095.1 321.2 0.280
SIGW 352.1 -34.7 -42.2 260.0 85.9 8231.0 321.5 0.265
SIGT 345.0 -35.9 -42.9 260.8 90.1 8373.0 321.7 0.251
SIGT 331.0 -37.9 -46.9 262.3 98.5 8659.8 322.8 0.168
SIGT 320.0 -39.9 -47.9 263.6 105.4 8891.8 323.1 0.156
SIGW 308.3 -40.2 -53.6 265.0 112.9 9146.0 326.1 0.091
SIGT 305.0 -40.3 -55.3 265.0 115.6 9219.7 327.0 0.075
MAXW 301.0 -40.6 -56.4 265.0 118.9 9309.7 327.8 0.069
MAND 300.0 -40.7 -56.7 265.0 118.9 9332.4 328.0 0.068
SIGW 294.8 -41.2 -57.9 265.0 118.9 9451.0 329.0 0.061
SIGT 272.0 -43.5 -63.5 265.0 101.0 9995.7 333.3 -----
SIGW 269.4 -43.8 -63.5 265.0 98.9 10060.0 333.8 -----
MAND 250.0 -45.7 -63.7 265.0 99.8 10560.6 338.1 -----
MAND 200.0 -51.5 -70.5 270.0 101.8 12028.8 351.2 -----
SIGT 179.0 -54.3 -74.3 272.6 102.8 12744.7 358.0 -----
SIGW 161.0 -58.9 -77.0 275.0 103.7 13414.0 361.2 -----
SIGT 151.0 -61.7 -78.7 270.5 94.7 13817.0 363.1 -----
MAND 150.0 -61.7 -78.7 270.0 93.8 13858.2 363.8 -----
SIGW 139.0 -61.3 -78.3 270.0 76.9 14329.0 372.5 -----
SIGT 135.0 -61.1 -78.1 269.0 77.3 14511.9 376.0 -----
SIGT 127.0 -62.5 -79.5 266.9 78.1 14890.2 380.1 -----
TRO1 120.0 -65.3 -81.3 265.0 78.9 15237.9 381.2 -----
SIGT 116.0 -63.3 -80.3 266.7 76.8 15445.3 388.6 -----
SIGT 110.0 -63.7 -79.7 269.3 73.6 15771.6 393.8 -----
SIGW 108.6 -62.8 -79.6 270.0 72.8 15853.0 396.9 -----
SIGT 108.0 -62.5 -79.5 270.0 70.8 15884.5 398.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -64.1 -80.1 270.0 39.8 16357.7 403.9 -----
SIGW 88.9 -65.1 -80.3 250.0 45.8 17073.0 415.7 -----
SIGT 86.9 -65.3 -80.3 254.7 52.4 17215.4 418.0 -----
SIGT 85.6 -63.9 -79.9 257.7 56.6 17307.5 422.7 -----
SIGW 84.6 -63.9 -79.9 260.0 59.8 17378.0 424.1 -----
SIGT 81.0 -63.9 -79.9 262.9 53.4 17646.1 429.4 -----
SIGT 79.5 -62.1 -79.1 264.2 50.6 17761.2 435.4 -----
SIGT 73.3 -61.9 -78.9 269.7 38.6 18263.6 446.1 -----
SIGW 73.0 -61.5 -78.7 270.0 37.9 18292.0 447.4 -----
SIGT 71.5 -59.9 -77.9 274.9 32.5 18418.2 453.5 -----
MAND 70.0 -59.9 -77.9 280.0 26.8 18550.7 456.3 -----
SIGW 66.2 -60.7 -78.4 240.0 24.9 18902.0 461.9 -----
SIGW 63.0 -61.5 -78.8 245.0 32.8 19207.0 466.8 -----
SIGW 60.0 -62.2 -79.2 270.0 22.0 19512.0 471.7 -----
SIGT 59.6 -62.3 -79.3 266.9 22.1 19550.1 472.4 -----
SIGW 57.1 -61.3 -78.1 245.0 22.9 19817.0 480.4 -----
SIGW 54.4 -60.2 -76.7 265.0 35.9 20121.0 489.7 -----
MAND 50.0 -58.3 -74.3 260.0 25.8 20645.4 506.1 -----
SIGT 47.1 -57.5 -73.5 269.6 22.1 21022.3 516.8 -----
SIGW 47.0 -57.5 -73.6 270.0 22.0 21036.0 517.0 -----
SIGW 44.8 -58.6 -75.2 235.0 18.8 21341.0 521.5 -----
SIGT 43.1 -59.5 -76.5 238.9 27.5 21580.5 525.1 -----
SIGW 42.7 -59.3 -76.4 240.0 29.9 21646.0 527.1 -----
SIGW 40.6 -58.6 -75.9 255.0 22.9 21951.0 536.3 -----
SIGW 36.9 -57.1 -75.0 230.0 22.9 22560.0 555.2 -----
SIGT 36.4 -56.9 -74.9 235.1 22.7 22644.6 557.8 -----
SIGT 35.0 -58.5 -74.5 250.0 22.2 22892.2 559.9 -----
SIGW 31.9 -56.3 -72.3 285.0 21.0 23475.0 580.8 -----
SIGT 31.9 -56.3 -72.3 284.5 20.9 23478.5 580.9 -----
SIGW 30.4 -56.3 -72.3 245.0 10.9 23780.0 588.8 -----
MAND 30.0 -56.3 -72.3 255.0 15.0 23868.7 591.2 -----
SIGW 29.0 -55.7 -71.7 275.0 21.0 24085.0 598.6 -----
SIGW 27.6 -54.9 -70.9 270.0 26.8 24390.0 609.2 -----
SIGT 27.4 -54.7 -70.7 272.8 26.3 24446.8 611.2 -----
SIGT 26.8 -55.5 -70.5 279.8 24.9 24588.3 612.8 -----
SIGW 26.4 -54.9 -69.9 285.0 23.9 24695.0 617.4 -----
SIGT 25.2 -53.3 -68.3 247.2 22.1 24982.9 630.0 -----
SIGW 25.1 -53.4 -68.3 245.0 22.0 25000.0 630.3 -----
SIGW 24.0 -54.4 -68.6 245.0 21.0 25304.0 635.8 -----
SIGT 23.7 -54.7 -68.7 247.8 21.0 25376.9 637.1 -----
SIGT 22.5 -52.7 -67.7 260.6 21.0 25711.1 652.5 -----
SIGW 20.8 -53.2 -68.2 280.0 21.0 26219.0 665.8 -----
MAND 20.0 -53.5 -68.5 260.0 18.8 26470.5 672.4 -----
SIGW 18.9 -54.0 -68.5 250.0 14.0 26829.0 681.8 -----
SIGT 17.8 -54.5 -68.5 259.6 20.3 27218.8 692.1 -----
SIGW 17.2 -53.9 -68.4 265.0 23.9 27439.0 700.9 -----
SIGT 16.7 -53.3 -68.3 268.1 27.0 27628.6 708.7 -----
SIGW 16.4 -52.1 -67.6 270.0 28.9 27743.0 716.0 -----
SIGT 16.0 -50.5 -66.5 ----- ----- 27906.2 726.5 -----
SIGT 14.6 -50.5 -65.5 ----- ----- 28503.6 745.8 -----
SIGT 12.1 -46.1 -64.1 ----- ----- 29741.0 802.5 -----
SIGT 11.3 -48.3 -64.3 ----- ----- 30193.9 810.5 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 15 Oct 2018288
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 8.5 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 287.6 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 307.0 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 7.4 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 927 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 8.3 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 927 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 18.8 C
K Index (KI) = 26.3
Lifted Index (LI) = 10.1
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 293.1
Showalter Index (ShI) = 5.4
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 43.0
Precipitable Water (PW) = 28.2 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 296 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 313 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 328 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 301 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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