================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019288 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=127
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Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 992.0 9.4 1.4 270.0 7.0 221.0 283.2 4.271
SIGT 978.0 8.8 -3.2 271.5 9.7 338.8 283.8 3.087
SIGW 946.4 6.4 -4.4 275.0 15.9 609.0 284.0 2.919
MAND 925.0 4.8 -5.2 285.0 16.9 796.7 284.2 2.807
SIGW 911.7 3.8 -5.9 285.0 16.9 914.0 284.4 2.702
SIGT 883.0 1.6 -7.4 272.2 20.4 1173.5 284.7 2.483
SIGW 878.0 1.2 -7.4 270.0 21.0 1219.0 284.8 2.505
MAND 850.0 -1.1 -7.1 265.0 26.8 1479.1 285.0 2.640
SIGW 813.3 -3.8 -7.2 250.0 31.9 1829.0 285.7 2.735
SIGT 789.0 -5.7 -7.3 250.0 34.3 2068.7 286.2 2.801
SIGW 782.4 -6.2 -7.8 250.0 35.0 2134.0 286.4 2.724
SIGT 753.0 -8.5 -9.9 245.1 33.8 2433.4 287.0 2.394
SIGW 752.5 -8.6 -10.3 245.0 33.8 2439.0 287.0 2.316
SIGT 748.0 -9.3 -13.8 249.5 33.4 2485.0 286.7 1.760
SIGT 741.0 -8.9 -17.9 256.7 32.7 2557.8 287.9 1.262
SIGT 732.0 -7.1 -19.1 266.1 31.8 2652.8 290.9 1.153
SIGW 723.6 -7.3 -19.7 275.0 30.9 2743.0 291.7 1.107
SIGT 713.0 -7.5 -20.5 275.0 33.6 2857.8 292.6 1.049
SIGT 709.0 -7.3 -20.3 275.0 34.6 2901.7 293.3 1.074
SIGT 703.0 -6.9 -24.9 275.0 36.1 2968.0 294.5 0.721
MAND 700.0 -6.7 -23.7 275.0 36.9 3001.3 295.1 0.807
SIGT 696.0 -6.3 -22.3 274.7 37.5 3046.1 296.0 0.919
SIGT 689.0 -5.9 -34.9 274.1 38.4 3125.3 297.3 0.287
SIGT 678.0 -5.3 -54.3 273.1 39.9 3251.5 299.3 0.038
SIGW 643.7 -6.4 -52.7 270.0 44.9 3658.0 302.6 0.049
SIGT 640.0 -6.5 -52.5 270.4 45.6 3703.1 303.0 0.050
SIGT 625.0 -4.9 -50.9 271.9 48.6 3889.0 306.9 0.060
SIGT 622.0 -4.7 -33.7 272.2 49.2 3926.8 307.5 0.358
SIGT 603.0 -6.5 -29.5 274.2 53.2 4170.1 308.2 0.551
SIGW 595.5 -6.8 -27.3 275.0 54.8 4268.0 308.9 0.687
SIGT 574.0 -7.7 -20.7 270.3 59.5 4554.5 311.1 1.282
SIGT 563.0 -8.9 -22.9 267.8 62.0 4704.8 311.4 1.077
SIGW 550.5 -9.8 -31.8 265.0 64.9 4878.0 312.4 0.485
SIGT 540.0 -10.5 -39.5 266.0 64.1 5026.9 313.3 0.230
SIGT 512.0 -13.9 -28.9 268.8 61.8 5434.2 314.0 0.687
MAND 500.0 -15.3 -29.3 270.0 60.8 5613.9 314.4 0.678
SIGT 494.0 -15.9 -31.9 269.1 61.4 5705.0 314.8 0.536
SIGT 471.0 -18.9 -29.9 265.4 63.7 6062.5 315.4 0.680
SIGW 468.8 -19.0 -31.1 265.0 63.9 6097.0 315.7 0.612
SIGT 465.0 -19.1 -33.1 265.3 63.9 6158.0 316.3 0.507
SIGT 441.0 -21.9 -37.9 266.9 63.5 6550.4 317.6 0.332
SIGT 437.0 -21.9 -45.9 267.2 63.5 6617.5 318.4 0.142
SIGT 430.0 -22.5 -50.5 267.7 63.4 6736.2 319.1 0.090
MAND 400.0 -27.3 -45.3 270.0 62.9 7262.3 319.5 0.166
SIGT 389.0 -29.1 -42.1 272.8 64.0 7462.5 319.7 0.242
SIGW 380.4 -30.4 -43.8 275.0 64.9 7621.0 320.0 0.205
SIGT 347.0 -35.9 -50.9 275.0 67.8 8268.2 321.1 0.108
SIGT 310.0 -42.9 -54.9 275.0 71.4 9040.5 321.9 0.077
SIGW 305.2 -43.7 -56.1 275.0 71.9 9146.0 322.2 0.070
MAND 300.0 -44.5 -57.5 280.0 74.8 9261.0 322.7 0.062
SIGT 296.0 -45.1 -59.1 279.6 74.9 9350.8 323.0 0.053
SIGT 280.0 -47.9 -57.9 278.1 75.6 9719.8 324.2 0.064
SIGT 264.0 -49.9 -65.9 276.5 76.3 10106.5 326.8 -----
MAND 250.0 -51.9 -66.9 275.0 76.9 10461.3 328.9 -----
SIGW 242.0 -53.0 -68.0 275.0 77.9 10670.0 330.4 -----
MAXW 242.0 -53.0 -68.0 275.0 77.9 10671.1 330.4 -----
SIGT 234.0 -54.1 -69.1 272.6 75.0 10888.0 331.9 -----
TRO1 210.0 -56.9 -72.9 265.0 65.9 11578.1 337.9 -----
MAND 200.0 -56.5 -74.5 260.0 69.9 11887.5 343.3 -----
SIGT 191.0 -56.7 -76.7 263.6 66.6 12179.7 347.5 -----
SIGT 178.0 -58.5 -78.5 269.1 61.5 12624.9 351.7 -----
SIGT 173.0 -57.1 -79.1 271.3 59.4 12804.7 356.9 -----
SIGT 167.0 -57.1 -83.1 274.0 56.9 13028.1 360.5 -----
SIGW 164.9 -56.3 -84.1 275.0 55.9 13109.0 363.2 -----
SIGT 164.0 -55.9 -84.4 274.4 56.2 13143.2 364.4 -----
SIGT 158.0 -55.1 -84.5 270.5 57.7 13380.9 369.6 -----
MAND 150.0 -55.9 -84.5 265.0 59.8 13712.3 373.8 -----
SIGW 136.1 -57.9 -84.5 270.0 67.8 14329.0 380.8 -----
SIGT 136.0 -57.9 -84.5 270.0 67.7 14333.1 380.9 -----
SIGT 133.0 -57.1 -84.5 270.8 65.4 14474.1 384.7 -----
SIGT 127.0 -57.5 -84.5 272.4 60.6 14766.0 389.1 -----
SIGT 125.0 -56.9 -84.5 272.9 59.0 14866.5 392.0 -----
SIGW 117.8 -56.7 -84.5 275.0 52.8 15243.0 399.0 -----
SIGT 116.0 -56.7 -84.5 273.1 52.1 15340.2 400.8 -----
SIGT 111.0 -57.9 -84.5 267.7 49.9 15618.8 403.6 -----
SIGT 110.0 -57.7 -84.5 266.6 49.5 15675.9 405.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -57.9 -84.5 255.0 44.9 16277.4 415.9 -----
SIGT 87.9 -59.5 -84.5 257.9 32.8 17087.8 428.3 -----
SIGT 82.5 -58.5 -84.5 259.3 26.8 17485.6 438.2 -----
SIGW 79.9 -59.4 -84.5 260.0 23.9 17682.0 440.3 -----
SIGT 72.8 -62.1 -84.5 245.6 24.8 18265.7 446.5 -----
SIGW 72.5 -61.8 -84.5 245.0 24.9 18292.0 447.6 -----
SIGT 70.5 -60.1 -84.5 253.0 30.4 18465.2 454.9 -----
MAND 70.0 -60.1 -84.5 255.0 31.9 18509.6 455.8 -----
SIGT 67.9 -60.9 -84.5 264.7 37.2 18699.4 458.1 -----
SIGW 65.8 -58.4 -84.5 275.0 42.9 18902.0 467.7 -----
SIGT 63.3 -55.5 -84.5 284.8 34.3 19141.2 479.3 -----
SIGW 59.7 -54.6 -84.5 300.0 21.0 19512.0 489.3 -----
SIGT 57.9 -54.1 -84.5 293.5 14.4 19711.7 494.8 -----
SIGW 57.0 -54.4 -84.5 290.0 10.9 19817.0 496.5 -----
SIGW 54.3 -55.1 -84.5 235.0 16.9 20121.0 501.6 -----
SIGW 51.8 -55.9 -84.5 240.0 18.8 20426.0 506.6 -----
MAND 50.0 -56.5 -84.5 255.0 16.9 20648.1 510.4 -----
SIGW 47.0 -58.5 -84.5 275.0 21.0 21036.0 514.7 -----
SIGT 46.7 -58.7 -84.5 272.2 19.1 21079.4 515.1 -----
SIGW 44.8 -58.1 -84.5 255.0 8.0 21341.0 522.7 -----
SIGW 42.7 -57.4 -84.5 215.0 12.8 21646.0 531.7 -----
SIGT 41.8 -57.1 -84.5 208.5 13.7 21778.5 535.7 -----
SIGW 40.7 -57.5 -84.5 200.0 15.0 21951.0 539.0 -----
SIGW 38.7 -58.1 -84.5 230.0 22.9 22256.0 545.0 -----
SIGW 36.9 -58.7 -84.5 230.0 11.8 22560.0 551.0 -----
SIGT 33.6 -59.9 -84.5 268.8 20.9 23151.9 562.8 -----
SIGW 31.9 -58.8 -84.5 290.0 25.8 23475.0 574.2 -----
SIGW 30.4 -57.7 -84.5 275.0 19.8 23780.0 585.1 -----
SIGT 30.1 -57.5 -84.5 275.0 20.7 23843.2 587.4 -----
MAND 30.0 -57.5 -84.5 275.0 21.0 23864.2 587.9 -----
SIGW 27.6 -58.5 -84.5 280.0 22.9 24390.0 599.3 -----
SIGT 25.4 -59.5 -84.5 292.8 16.9 24911.1 610.9 -----
SIGW 25.0 -59.4 -84.5 295.0 15.9 25000.0 613.6 -----
SIGW 22.7 -58.9 -84.5 275.0 25.8 25609.0 632.4 -----
SIGW 20.6 -58.4 -84.5 255.0 17.9 26219.0 651.7 -----
SIGT 20.3 -58.3 -84.5 255.0 18.9 26318.1 655.0 -----
MAND 20.0 -57.5 -84.5 255.0 19.8 26412.0 660.2 -----
SIGW 18.7 -57.3 -84.5 275.0 19.8 26829.0 673.3 -----
SIGW 17.8 -57.2 -84.5 260.0 19.8 27134.0 683.0 -----
SIGW 17.0 -57.1 -84.5 275.0 18.8 27439.0 692.8 -----
SIGW 16.2 -57.0 -84.5 260.0 14.0 27743.0 702.8 -----
SIGT 15.6 -56.9 -84.5 256.0 17.8 27984.2 710.8 -----
SIGW 15.4 -56.6 -84.5 255.0 18.8 28048.0 713.7 -----
SIGW 14.0 -54.2 -84.5 285.0 32.8 28658.0 741.9 -----
SIGT 14.0 -54.1 -84.5 286.1 32.3 28674.3 742.6 -----
SIGW 13.4 -54.4 -84.5 305.0 22.9 28963.0 751.3 -----
SIGW 11.6 -55.3 -84.5 270.0 19.8 29878.0 779.4 -----
SIGT 10.9 -55.7 -84.5 270.0 28.2 30274.9 791.9 -----
SIGT 10.1 -51.5 -84.5 270.0 38.5 30765.3 825.0 -----
MAND 10.0 -51.3 -84.3 270.0 39.8 30830.0 828.1 -----
SIGT 8.4 -47.9 -81.9 ----- ----- 31972.0 883.8 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 15 Oct 2019288
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Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -4.3 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 284.1 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 291.9 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.9 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 802 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -6.4 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 802 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 12.8 C
K Index (KI) = -9.9
Lifted Index (LI) = 19.5
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 114.5
Showalter Index (ShI) = 19.3
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 22.4
Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.7 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = 9 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 294 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 8 J/kg
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 322 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 305 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
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UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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