================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2022275 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=181
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
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Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 994.0 14.2 9.6 40.0 8.0 221.0 287.9 7.577
SIGW 949.3 12.5 4.9 50.0 33.8 609.0 289.9 5.724
SIGT 943.0 12.2 4.2 50.0 35.1 664.7 290.2 5.493
SIGT 934.0 12.0 1.0 50.0 37.0 745.1 290.8 4.409
SIGT 931.0 12.0 0.0 50.0 37.6 772.0 291.1 4.112
MAND 925.0 11.4 1.4 50.0 38.9 826.1 291.0 4.583
SIGT 920.0 11.0 3.0 50.6 38.4 871.4 291.0 5.170
SIGT 895.0 9.6 -1.4 53.5 36.1 1100.9 291.9 3.860
SIGT 893.0 9.6 -2.4 53.7 36.0 1119.4 292.1 3.591
SIGT 886.0 10.0 -11.0 54.6 35.3 1184.8 293.1 1.863
SIGW 882.4 10.1 -16.1 55.0 35.0 1219.0 293.6 1.229
SIGT 875.0 10.4 -26.6 56.1 33.4 1288.6 294.6 0.497
SIGT 860.0 9.2 -18.8 58.4 30.2 1432.0 294.8 1.007
SIGT 854.0 9.8 -29.2 59.4 28.9 1490.0 296.0 0.400
MAND 850.0 9.8 -26.2 60.0 28.0 1529.0 296.4 0.530
SIGT 846.0 9.6 -19.4 60.7 27.6 1568.1 296.6 0.972
SIGT 841.0 10.0 -5.0 61.5 27.1 1617.3 297.5 3.136
SIGT 834.0 10.6 -2.4 62.6 26.3 1686.9 298.9 3.847
SIGT 827.0 11.2 -4.8 63.8 25.6 1757.2 300.2 3.238
SIGT 822.0 11.0 -5.0 64.6 25.1 1807.8 300.5 3.209
SIGW 819.9 10.9 -4.6 65.0 24.9 1829.0 300.6 3.309
SIGT 802.0 9.6 -1.4 62.0 23.7 2012.8 301.2 4.310
SIGW 790.3 8.8 -2.2 60.0 22.9 2134.0 301.6 4.131
SIGT 775.0 7.8 -3.2 49.4 22.9 2296.3 302.2 3.901
SIGT 768.0 7.4 -2.6 44.4 22.9 2371.2 302.6 4.118
SIGW 761.7 6.8 -2.1 40.0 22.9 2439.0 302.6 4.314
SIGT 746.0 5.2 -0.8 40.0 23.5 2609.8 302.7 4.847
SIGT 741.0 5.2 -5.8 40.0 23.6 2664.8 303.3 3.350
SIGW 733.9 4.4 -4.2 40.0 23.9 2743.0 303.3 3.812
SIGT 732.0 4.2 -3.8 39.6 24.0 2764.5 303.2 3.949
SIGT 723.0 3.4 -3.6 38.0 24.3 2865.1 303.4 4.059
SIGT 722.0 3.2 -4.8 37.8 24.3 2876.4 303.3 3.712
SIGT 717.0 2.8 -4.2 36.9 24.5 2932.7 303.5 3.912
SIGT 715.0 2.8 -9.2 36.5 24.6 2955.3 303.7 2.665
SIGT 712.0 2.8 -11.2 36.0 24.7 2989.4 304.1 2.283
SIGT 709.0 2.6 -12.4 35.4 24.8 3023.6 304.3 2.081
SIGT 707.0 2.6 -8.4 35.0 24.9 3046.4 304.5 2.871
SIGW 706.9 2.6 -8.4 35.0 24.9 3048.0 304.5 2.874
SIGT 701.0 2.2 -7.8 35.0 24.9 3115.4 304.8 3.034
MAND 700.0 2.2 -5.8 35.0 24.9 3126.9 304.9 3.547
SIGT 699.0 2.0 -5.0 35.8 24.7 3138.5 304.8 3.777
SIGT 694.0 1.8 -7.2 39.6 24.0 3196.4 305.2 3.212
SIGT 689.0 1.4 -7.6 43.5 23.2 3254.8 305.4 3.136
SIGT 685.0 1.2 -10.8 46.6 22.6 3301.7 305.7 2.450
SIGW 680.6 0.9 -12.4 50.0 22.0 3353.0 306.0 2.175
SIGT 675.0 0.6 -14.4 48.9 21.7 3419.9 306.3 1.857
SIGT 673.0 0.2 -12.8 48.5 21.7 3443.7 306.1 2.123
SIGT 666.0 -0.3 -16.3 47.1 21.4 3527.5 306.5 1.607
SIGT 658.0 -1.1 -15.1 45.6 21.1 3624.1 306.7 1.798
SIGW 655.2 -1.1 -17.0 45.0 21.0 3658.0 307.0 1.546
SIGT 652.0 -1.1 -19.1 41.8 20.2 3697.1 307.5 1.295
SIGT 642.0 -1.9 -17.9 31.7 17.8 3820.3 307.9 1.457
SIGT 641.0 -1.9 -15.9 30.7 17.5 3832.7 308.1 1.727
SIGT 632.0 -1.5 -19.5 21.5 15.3 3945.2 309.8 1.291
SIGW 630.6 -1.6 -19.1 20.0 15.0 3963.0 309.8 1.340
SIGW 606.8 -3.4 -12.1 30.0 5.8 4268.0 311.2 2.502
SIGT 605.0 -3.5 -11.5 23.1 5.7 4291.9 311.3 2.624
SIGT 586.0 -5.9 -11.9 311.0 4.1 4543.3 311.4 2.624
SIGT 581.0 -6.5 -10.2 291.8 3.6 4610.4 311.5 3.033
SIGT 567.0 -8.3 -10.2 237.2 2.4 4800.7 311.5 3.108
SIGW 561.4 -8.6 -10.1 215.0 1.9 4878.0 312.1 3.175
SIGT 559.0 -8.7 -10.0 216.3 2.2 4911.1 312.3 3.203
SIGT 530.0 -10.7 -13.6 232.5 5.4 5323.1 314.7 2.527
MAND 500.0 -13.5 -15.2 250.0 8.9 5769.4 316.6 2.348
SIGT 493.0 -13.9 -15.5 256.6 9.9 5876.8 317.4 2.323
SIGW 478.9 -15.1 -17.3 270.0 11.8 6097.0 318.5 2.064
SIGT 477.0 -15.3 -17.5 269.8 11.8 6127.1 318.7 2.030
SIGW 441.3 -19.3 -21.5 265.0 10.9 6707.0 320.8 1.551
SIGW 423.6 -21.4 -23.7 260.0 11.8 7012.0 321.9 1.340
SIGT 416.0 -22.3 -24.6 253.6 12.5 7147.8 322.4 1.254
MAND 400.0 -24.3 -26.1 240.0 14.0 7435.2 323.4 1.138
SIGT 394.0 -25.1 -26.7 240.0 14.0 7545.3 323.8 1.094
SIGW 389.9 -25.5 -27.2 240.0 14.0 7621.0 324.2 1.054
SIGW 373.7 -27.2 -29.3 230.0 17.9 7926.0 326.0 0.905
SIGT 340.0 -30.9 -34.0 241.1 20.7 8604.7 329.8 0.636
SIGW 314.8 -35.2 -38.8 250.0 22.9 9146.0 331.2 0.422
SIGT 312.0 -35.7 -39.4 247.2 23.3 9208.9 331.3 0.402
MAND 300.0 -37.7 -41.1 235.0 24.9 9480.7 332.2 0.350
SIGT 293.0 -39.1 -43.0 233.6 26.3 9643.1 332.5 0.292
SIGT 286.0 -40.3 -43.0 232.2 27.7 9808.5 333.1 0.299
SIGT 282.0 -41.1 -44.1 231.3 28.6 9904.5 333.3 0.269
SIGW 275.5 -42.2 -45.3 230.0 29.9 10060.0 334.0 0.242
SIGW 251.6 -46.4 -49.8 245.0 29.9 10670.0 336.5 0.164
MAND 250.0 -46.7 -50.1 240.0 35.9 10713.7 336.7 0.160
SIGT 248.0 -46.7 -50.2 239.6 36.8 10767.0 337.4 0.160
SIGT 243.0 -47.7 -50.2 238.7 38.9 10901.8 337.9 0.163
SIGT 239.0 -48.7 -52.5 238.0 40.6 11011.2 338.0 0.134
SIGT 237.0 -48.9 -50.1 237.6 41.4 11066.5 338.5 0.169
SIGT 234.0 -49.5 -52.0 237.0 42.8 11150.1 338.8 0.144
SIGT 232.0 -49.5 -51.5 236.6 43.6 11206.3 339.7 0.152
SIGT 231.0 -49.7 -52.7 236.5 44.1 11234.6 339.8 0.136
SIGT 228.0 -49.3 -56.3 235.9 45.4 11320.3 341.7 0.092
SIGT 227.0 -49.3 -58.3 235.7 45.9 11349.1 342.1 0.076
SIGT 224.0 -47.9 -75.9 235.1 47.2 11436.7 345.6 -----
SIGT 219.0 -49.1 -71.1 234.1 49.6 11585.3 345.9 -----
SIGT 212.0 -49.3 -73.3 232.6 52.9 11798.4 348.9 -----
SIGT 206.0 -48.7 -74.7 231.3 55.8 11987.0 352.7 -----
MAND 200.0 -49.1 -76.1 230.0 58.9 12181.2 355.0 -----
SIGT 192.0 -49.5 -77.5 225.7 59.7 12449.0 358.6 -----
SIGW 181.7 -51.6 -78.4 220.0 60.8 12804.0 360.8 -----
MAXW 176.0 -52.9 -79.0 225.0 63.9 13008.0 362.1 -----
SIGW 173.3 -53.5 -79.2 225.0 63.9 13109.0 362.7 -----
SIGT 153.0 -58.3 -81.3 233.7 51.8 13907.7 367.6 -----
MAND 150.0 -58.7 -81.7 235.0 49.9 14032.2 369.0 -----
SIGT 144.0 -59.9 -82.9 237.1 48.4 14288.0 371.2 -----
SIGT 143.0 -59.9 -82.9 237.5 48.2 14331.6 371.9 -----
SIGT 129.0 -60.9 -82.9 242.8 44.5 14973.8 381.3 -----
SIGT 125.0 -62.1 -84.1 244.4 43.4 15169.2 382.6 -----
SIGW 123.5 -61.5 -84.2 245.0 42.9 15243.0 384.9 -----
SIGT 123.0 -61.3 -84.3 245.4 42.5 15269.1 385.8 -----
SIGW 111.9 -64.6 -84.9 255.0 31.9 15853.0 390.2 -----
TRO1 111.0 -64.9 -84.9 245.0 32.8 15900.9 390.5 -----
SIGW 106.4 -64.3 -84.5 245.0 32.8 16158.0 396.3 -----
SIGW 101.3 -63.7 -84.0 275.0 30.9 16463.0 403.3 -----
MAND 100.0 -63.5 -83.9 270.0 24.9 16539.9 405.1 -----
SIGW 91.7 -63.0 -83.9 245.0 25.8 17073.0 416.2 -----
SIGT 90.3 -62.9 -83.9 252.8 22.8 17167.6 418.2 -----
SIGW 87.2 -63.9 -83.9 270.0 15.9 17378.0 420.4 -----
SIGW 83.0 -65.3 -83.9 235.0 19.8 17682.0 423.6 -----
SIGT 82.4 -65.5 -83.9 236.5 19.4 17728.1 424.0 -----
SIGW 75.1 -65.9 -83.9 255.0 14.0 18292.0 434.5 -----
SIGT 72.8 -66.1 -83.9 267.4 15.2 18480.7 438.1 -----
SIGW 71.4 -65.8 -83.9 275.0 15.9 18597.0 441.1 -----
MAND 70.0 -65.5 -83.9 255.0 19.8 18719.0 444.3 -----
SIGW 67.9 -65.3 -83.9 255.0 18.8 18902.0 448.6 -----
SIGT 63.2 -64.7 -83.9 276.6 19.5 19342.0 459.2 -----
SIGW 61.5 -65.2 -83.9 285.0 19.8 19512.0 461.9 -----
SIGT 60.9 -65.3 -83.9 281.3 19.8 19568.1 462.8 -----
SIGW 58.5 -62.9 -83.9 265.0 19.8 19817.0 473.5 -----
SIGT 57.1 -61.5 -83.9 273.5 22.0 19964.0 480.0 -----
SIGT 55.4 -62.3 -83.9 284.2 24.8 20151.1 482.3 -----
SIGW 53.0 -60.2 -83.9 300.0 28.9 20426.0 493.3 -----
SIGT 50.9 -58.3 -83.9 291.7 13.9 20679.5 503.5 -----
SIGW 50.5 -58.6 -83.9 290.0 10.9 20731.0 504.1 -----
MAND 50.0 -58.9 -83.9 215.0 8.0 20791.6 504.7 -----
SIGW 48.1 -59.7 -83.9 260.0 9.9 21036.0 508.5 -----
SIGW 45.8 -60.7 -83.9 180.0 7.0 21341.0 513.2 -----
SIGT 44.1 -61.5 -83.9 214.5 9.2 21575.1 516.8 -----
SIGW 43.6 -61.4 -83.9 225.0 9.9 21646.0 518.8 -----
SIGW 41.5 -60.9 -83.9 265.0 9.9 21951.0 527.3 -----
SIGW 39.5 -60.4 -83.9 245.0 10.9 22256.0 535.9 -----
SIGT 36.6 -59.7 -83.9 245.0 17.9 22736.1 549.7 -----
SIGT 36.0 -60.1 -83.9 245.0 19.4 22839.4 551.3 -----
SIGW 35.9 -60.0 -83.9 245.0 19.8 22865.0 552.2 -----
SIGW 34.2 -58.8 -83.9 290.0 25.8 23170.0 563.1 -----
SIGW 31.0 -56.4 -83.9 330.0 16.9 23780.0 585.5 -----
SIGT 30.7 -56.1 -83.9 306.0 16.3 23842.9 587.8 -----
MAND 30.0 -56.3 -83.9 250.0 15.0 23989.5 591.2 -----
SIGT 28.7 -57.1 -83.9 250.0 15.6 24270.5 596.5 -----
SIGW 28.2 -56.7 -83.9 250.0 15.9 24390.0 600.7 -----
SIGW 26.9 -55.8 -83.9 265.0 17.9 24695.0 611.6 -----
SIGW 25.6 -54.9 -83.9 260.0 21.0 25000.0 622.7 -----
SIGT 24.6 -54.1 -83.9 297.5 16.8 25253.1 632.1 -----
SIGW 24.4 -54.2 -83.9 305.0 15.9 25304.0 633.2 -----
SIGT 23.1 -54.9 -83.9 290.6 16.5 25656.2 641.2 -----
SIGW 22.2 -54.2 -83.9 280.0 16.9 25914.0 650.6 -----
SIGW 21.2 -53.4 -83.9 315.0 24.9 26219.0 661.9 -----
SIGT 20.3 -52.7 -83.9 310.6 12.6 26486.7 672.0 -----
SIGW 20.2 -53.0 -83.9 310.0 10.9 26524.0 672.2 -----
MAND 20.0 -53.5 -83.9 260.0 19.8 26582.7 672.4 -----
SIGW 18.4 -51.4 -83.9 260.0 23.9 27134.0 695.6 -----
SIGW 17.5 -50.2 -83.9 275.0 22.9 27439.0 708.7 -----
SIGT 17.3 -49.9 -83.9 286.1 24.9 27523.7 712.4 -----
SIGW 16.7 -50.5 -84.2 315.0 29.9 27743.0 717.3 -----
SIGW 16.0 -51.4 -84.6 320.0 22.0 28048.0 724.2 -----
SIGT 15.5 -51.9 -84.9 307.5 17.0 28239.2 728.6 -----
SIGW 15.2 -51.9 -84.9 300.0 14.0 28353.0 732.2 -----
SIGW 14.5 -51.9 -84.9 300.0 17.9 28658.0 742.2 -----
SIGT 14.4 -51.9 -84.9 292.3 17.3 28716.4 744.1 -----
SIGW 13.9 -50.9 -84.6 260.0 15.0 28963.0 755.4 -----
SIGW 12.6 -48.6 -84.0 320.0 16.9 29573.0 784.0 -----
SIGT 12.2 -47.7 -83.7 297.5 17.6 29801.4 795.0 -----
SIGW 12.1 -46.9 -83.3 290.0 17.9 29878.0 800.5 -----
SIGT 11.6 -44.1 -82.1 294.3 15.4 30137.2 819.4 -----
SIGW 11.5 -44.4 -82.2 295.0 15.0 30182.0 819.9 -----
SIGT 10.9 -46.9 -82.9 287.1 19.2 30552.4 824.0 -----
MAND 10.0 -47.5 -83.5 275.0 25.8 31123.0 842.3 -----
SIGT 9.0 -48.3 -84.3 ----- ----- 31818.3 865.0 -----
SIGT 6.0 -39.7 -80.7 ----- ----- 34540.8 1008.5 -----
SIGT 5.8 -38.3 -80.3 ----- ----- 34773.4 1024.4 -----
SIGT 5.3 -38.5 -80.5 ----- ----- 35393.5 1050.3 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 02 Oct 2022275
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 4.1 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 290.1 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 304.5 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.5 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 836 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 2.4 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 836 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 20.3 C
K Index (KI) = -10.9
Lifted Index (LI) = 12.4
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 64.9
Showalter Index (ShI) = 16.7
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 10.6
Precipitable Water (PW) = 18.8 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -1 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 309 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 333 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 312 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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