================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2022267 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=189 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 993.0 6.2 5.8 150.0 3.9 221.0 279.9 5.835 SIGT 991.0 6.0 5.2 155.5 3.8 237.6 279.9 5.606 SIGT 988.0 6.6 4.6 163.9 3.6 262.5 280.7 5.391 SIGT 986.0 8.8 4.9 169.5 3.4 279.2 283.1 5.517 SIGT 985.0 9.0 4.7 172.3 3.4 287.6 283.4 5.446 SIGT 981.0 10.2 5.2 183.7 3.1 321.4 284.9 5.664 SIGT 979.0 10.2 5.2 189.3 3.0 338.4 285.1 5.676 SIGT 970.0 9.8 4.8 215.1 2.4 415.3 285.4 5.570 SIGW 947.6 8.3 4.9 280.0 1.0 609.0 285.9 5.763 MAND 925.0 6.8 5.1 310.0 7.0 808.4 286.3 5.968 SIGT 923.0 6.6 5.1 309.8 7.0 826.3 286.2 5.981 SIGT 888.0 4.0 3.2 305.9 7.8 1142.7 286.7 5.435 SIGW 879.7 3.5 2.2 305.0 8.0 1219.0 287.0 5.122 SIGT 859.0 2.2 -0.2 305.0 10.0 1412.3 287.6 4.394 SIGT 855.0 2.6 -2.3 305.0 10.4 1450.1 288.4 3.780 SIGT 854.0 3.2 -7.8 305.0 10.5 1459.6 289.1 2.489 SIGT 852.0 3.4 -8.6 305.0 10.7 1478.6 289.5 2.343 MAND 850.0 3.2 -9.8 305.0 10.9 1497.7 289.5 2.137 SIGW 847.2 3.6 -13.1 290.0 11.8 1524.0 290.2 1.645 SIGT 844.0 4.0 -17.0 293.1 11.9 1555.2 290.9 1.195 SIGT 834.0 5.2 -17.8 302.6 12.3 1652.2 293.2 1.130 SIGT 829.0 7.0 -29.0 307.5 12.4 1701.5 295.6 0.420 SIGW 816.3 8.2 -21.9 320.0 12.8 1829.0 298.2 0.808 SIGT 816.0 8.2 -21.8 319.8 12.8 1831.5 298.2 0.819 SIGT 811.0 8.0 -21.0 316.5 12.3 1882.2 298.5 0.883 SIGT 808.0 7.8 -7.2 314.5 12.0 1912.8 298.6 2.756 SIGT 797.0 7.4 -3.6 307.1 10.9 2025.7 299.4 3.680 SIGW 786.6 7.0 -4.0 300.0 9.9 2134.0 300.1 3.614 SIGT 782.0 6.8 -4.2 298.4 10.2 2182.1 300.4 3.585 SIGT 775.0 6.6 -5.4 296.0 10.7 2256.0 300.9 3.302 SIGT 766.0 6.2 -4.8 292.9 11.3 2351.9 301.5 3.497 SIGW 757.9 5.6 -5.4 290.0 11.8 2439.0 301.8 3.379 SIGT 747.0 4.8 -6.2 288.1 11.5 2557.4 302.1 3.222 SIGW 730.1 3.5 -6.8 285.0 10.9 2743.0 302.7 3.157 SIGW 703.1 1.4 -7.7 305.0 11.8 3048.0 303.7 3.051 MAND 700.0 1.2 -7.8 300.0 9.9 3084.2 303.8 3.039 SIGT 696.0 1.0 -8.0 300.0 10.1 3130.3 304.1 3.009 SIGT 689.0 0.4 -6.6 300.0 10.6 3211.6 304.3 3.389 SIGT 680.0 -0.3 -9.3 300.0 11.1 3317.0 304.7 2.781 SIGW 651.4 -3.0 -10.7 300.0 12.8 3658.0 305.4 2.596 SIGT 636.0 -4.5 -11.5 300.0 13.5 3848.6 305.8 2.496 SIGW 626.8 -4.2 -13.5 300.0 14.0 3963.0 307.4 2.157 SIGT 624.0 -4.1 -14.1 297.6 14.4 3998.9 307.9 2.059 SIGT 610.0 -5.3 -18.3 285.9 16.7 4177.5 308.5 1.482 SIGW 603.0 -5.8 -16.9 280.0 17.9 4268.0 309.0 1.687 SIGT 595.0 -6.3 -15.3 282.6 17.0 4372.8 309.6 1.956 SIGT 562.0 -8.9 -21.9 293.5 13.3 4817.2 311.6 1.179 SIGW 557.6 -9.4 -21.1 295.0 12.8 4878.0 311.7 1.269 SIGT 555.0 -9.7 -20.7 295.0 12.2 4914.1 311.8 1.326 SIGT 554.0 -9.7 -24.7 295.0 12.0 4928.1 311.9 0.932 SIGT 548.0 -10.1 -23.1 295.0 10.7 5012.1 312.4 1.087 SIGT 545.0 -10.1 -26.1 295.0 10.0 5054.5 312.9 0.835 SIGW 536.0 -10.9 -25.9 295.0 8.0 5182.0 313.5 0.865 SIGT 536.0 -10.9 -25.9 295.0 8.0 5182.7 313.5 0.865 SIGT 524.0 -11.5 -42.5 290.1 10.3 5356.5 314.8 0.172 SIGT 519.0 -11.9 -42.9 288.0 11.2 5430.0 315.2 0.167 SIGT 518.0 -11.9 -42.9 287.6 11.4 5444.7 315.3 0.167 SIGT 515.0 -12.1 -43.1 286.3 12.0 5489.2 315.6 0.164 MAND 500.0 -13.9 -42.9 280.0 15.0 5714.5 316.1 0.173 SIGT 493.0 -14.9 -42.9 278.6 16.0 5821.4 316.2 0.175 SIGW 475.3 -17.6 -35.5 275.0 18.8 6097.0 316.2 0.393 SIGT 472.0 -18.1 -34.1 274.1 18.8 6148.9 316.2 0.453 SIGT 470.0 -18.3 -30.3 273.6 18.8 6180.6 316.3 0.656 SIGT 469.0 -18.5 -31.5 273.4 18.8 6196.5 316.2 0.587 SIGT 466.0 -18.9 -30.9 272.6 18.8 6244.4 316.3 0.625 SIGT 459.0 -20.1 -27.1 270.7 18.8 6356.9 316.2 0.905 SIGT 444.0 -22.3 -26.8 266.7 18.8 6602.3 316.4 0.962 SIGT 440.0 -22.9 -27.1 265.6 18.8 6668.8 316.5 0.944 SIGW 437.7 -23.0 -26.6 265.0 18.8 6707.0 316.9 0.995 SIGT 426.0 -23.3 -23.9 273.2 22.1 6905.9 318.9 1.303 SIGT 417.0 -24.3 -25.3 279.5 24.7 7062.0 319.6 1.174 SIGT 415.0 -24.3 -27.3 281.0 25.3 7097.1 320.0 0.983 SIGT 412.0 -24.7 -27.1 283.2 26.2 7150.0 320.2 1.009 SIGT 410.0 -24.9 -28.3 284.6 26.8 7185.4 320.4 0.907 SIGT 407.0 -25.3 -27.8 286.8 27.6 7238.8 320.5 0.957 SIGW 402.6 -25.8 -28.9 290.0 28.9 7317.0 320.9 0.877 MAND 400.0 -26.1 -29.5 285.0 25.8 7364.7 321.1 0.832 SIGT 398.0 -26.5 -30.0 285.0 25.6 7400.9 321.0 0.797 SIGW 385.9 -28.3 -31.2 285.0 23.9 7621.0 321.5 0.734 SIGT 364.0 -31.7 -33.5 286.4 24.2 8039.8 322.4 0.624 SIGT 355.0 -33.1 -36.2 287.0 24.3 8216.5 322.8 0.490 SIGT 339.0 -35.3 -37.8 288.0 24.5 8539.4 324.1 0.436 SIGT 332.0 -36.3 -39.9 288.5 24.6 8684.6 324.7 0.359 SIGT 320.0 -38.5 -41.1 289.3 24.7 8938.9 325.1 0.328 SIGT 313.0 -39.5 -41.9 289.8 24.8 9090.7 325.7 0.308 SIGT 311.0 -39.9 -43.3 290.0 24.9 9134.6 325.8 0.266 SIGW 310.5 -39.9 -43.1 290.0 24.9 9146.0 325.9 0.271 SIGT 310.0 -39.9 -43.0 290.0 24.9 9156.6 326.1 0.276 SIGT 308.0 -40.1 -40.8 290.0 25.1 9200.8 326.4 0.352 SIGT 305.0 -40.5 -42.7 290.0 25.4 9267.6 326.7 0.290 SIGT 304.0 -40.5 -46.5 290.0 25.5 9290.0 327.1 0.192 SIGT 303.0 -40.5 -45.5 290.0 25.6 9312.5 327.4 0.215 SIGT 302.0 -40.9 -45.3 290.0 25.6 9335.0 327.1 0.220 MAND 300.0 -41.3 -45.9 290.0 25.8 9380.2 327.2 0.207 SIGT 299.0 -41.5 -47.5 290.0 25.8 9402.8 327.2 0.175 SIGT 295.0 -42.1 -46.6 290.0 25.7 9494.2 327.6 0.195 SIGT 291.0 -42.9 -49.9 290.0 25.5 9586.4 327.8 0.140 SIGT 273.0 -46.5 -52.5 290.0 24.9 10013.9 328.6 0.117 SIGW 271.1 -46.8 -53.2 290.0 24.9 10060.0 328.8 0.110 SIGT 263.0 -48.1 -56.1 283.4 28.8 10260.9 329.8 0.081 SIGT 262.0 -48.1 -57.1 282.6 29.3 10286.0 330.1 0.074 SIGT 261.0 -48.3 -58.3 281.8 29.8 10311.2 330.2 0.066 SIGT 259.0 -48.1 -60.1 280.1 30.8 10361.9 331.2 0.053 SIGW 258.9 -48.1 -60.1 280.0 30.9 10365.0 331.2 0.053 MAND 250.0 -49.9 -61.9 290.0 29.9 10594.2 331.9 0.047 SIGT 239.0 -52.3 -64.3 293.8 32.9 10887.0 332.6 ----- SIGW 235.8 -52.7 -65.0 295.0 33.8 10975.0 333.3 ----- TRO1 220.0 -54.5 -68.5 280.0 42.0 11420.3 337.2 ----- SIGW 214.4 -53.8 -71.2 280.0 42.9 11585.0 340.7 ----- SIGW 204.5 -52.6 -76.2 290.0 49.0 11890.0 347.3 ----- SIGT 204.0 -52.5 -76.5 290.0 49.1 11906.3 347.7 ----- MAND 200.0 -53.1 -77.1 290.0 49.9 12034.2 348.7 ----- SIGT 157.0 -53.7 -80.7 280.7 54.4 13592.8 372.7 ----- SIGW 153.9 -54.6 -81.1 280.0 54.8 13719.0 373.3 ----- MAND 150.0 -55.7 -81.7 290.0 46.8 13884.8 374.1 ----- TRO2 137.0 -57.7 -82.7 290.0 36.9 14459.8 380.4 ----- SIGW 133.3 -57.3 -82.8 295.0 36.9 14634.0 384.2 ----- SIGW 121.1 -55.7 -83.2 280.0 39.8 15243.0 397.7 ----- SIGT 118.0 -55.3 -83.3 282.7 39.8 15407.5 401.4 ----- SIGW 115.4 -55.8 -83.4 285.0 39.8 15548.0 403.1 ----- SIGW 104.8 -57.7 -83.6 275.0 33.8 16158.0 410.6 ----- MAND 100.0 -58.7 -83.7 310.0 36.9 16455.8 414.3 ----- SIGT 96.2 -59.3 -84.4 310.0 37.7 16698.9 417.8 ----- SIGW 95.1 -58.8 -84.5 310.0 37.9 16768.0 420.0 ----- SIGT 92.8 -57.7 -84.7 312.6 28.6 16925.2 425.3 ----- SIGW 90.6 -58.4 -84.6 315.0 19.8 17073.0 426.7 ----- SIGW 86.3 -59.8 -84.4 295.0 23.9 17378.0 429.8 ----- SIGT 82.7 -61.1 -84.4 292.8 22.6 17646.9 432.6 ----- SIGW 78.3 -59.4 -84.3 290.0 21.0 17987.0 442.9 ----- SIGT 77.1 -58.9 -84.3 291.6 21.6 18084.8 445.9 ----- SIGW 74.6 -59.2 -84.3 295.0 22.9 18292.0 449.4 ----- SIGW 71.0 -59.7 -84.3 255.0 15.0 18597.0 454.7 ----- MAND 70.0 -59.9 -84.3 275.0 19.8 18689.9 456.3 ----- SIGT 68.3 -60.5 -84.3 279.4 20.4 18843.3 458.2 ----- SIGW 64.5 -58.1 -84.3 290.0 22.0 19207.0 471.2 ----- SIGT 64.2 -57.9 -84.3 289.6 22.2 19231.4 472.1 ----- SIGW 61.4 -58.1 -84.3 285.0 24.9 19512.0 477.7 ----- SIGW 58.5 -58.3 -84.3 305.0 15.9 19817.0 484.0 ----- SIGT 57.8 -58.3 -84.3 297.5 16.7 19893.1 485.6 ----- SIGW 55.8 -56.8 -84.3 275.0 18.8 20121.0 494.0 ----- SIGW 53.2 -54.8 -84.3 310.0 16.9 20426.0 505.4 ----- SIGT 52.5 -54.3 -84.3 322.8 16.4 20504.2 508.4 ----- SIGW 50.7 -55.8 -84.7 360.0 15.0 20731.0 510.2 ----- MAND 50.0 -56.3 -84.9 95.0 14.0 20815.6 510.8 ----- SIGW 48.3 -56.8 -84.9 95.0 11.8 21036.0 514.6 ----- SIGT 46.9 -57.3 -84.9 128.4 10.7 21221.4 517.9 ----- SIGW 46.0 -56.5 -84.9 150.0 9.9 21341.0 522.5 ----- SIGT 45.3 -55.9 -84.9 176.4 11.9 21441.6 526.4 ----- SIGW 43.9 -56.3 -84.9 230.0 15.9 21646.0 530.4 ----- SIGT 43.0 -56.5 -84.9 239.4 14.9 21772.9 532.9 ----- SIGT 42.2 -55.3 -84.9 248.2 13.9 21892.4 538.7 ----- SIGW 39.9 -55.7 -84.9 275.0 10.9 22256.0 546.6 ----- SIGT 39.6 -55.7 -84.9 273.6 10.8 22298.0 547.6 ----- SIGT 37.1 -53.9 -84.9 259.9 10.1 22715.2 562.5 ----- SIGW 36.2 -54.4 -84.9 255.0 9.9 22865.0 565.1 ----- SIGW 34.6 -55.3 -85.0 270.0 9.9 23170.0 570.3 ----- SIGT 33.6 -55.9 -85.1 331.6 4.7 23348.9 573.4 ----- SIGW 32.9 -55.3 -85.1 15.0 1.0 23475.0 578.2 ----- SIGT 31.7 -54.1 -85.1 127.9 8.2 23721.0 587.8 ----- SIGW 31.4 -54.4 -85.0 155.0 9.9 23780.0 588.7 ----- SIGT 30.4 -55.3 -84.9 187.0 14.2 23989.0 591.7 ----- MAND 30.0 -54.7 -84.7 200.0 15.9 24073.7 595.5 ----- SIGW 28.6 -54.5 -84.2 195.0 15.0 24390.0 604.5 ----- SIGW 27.2 -54.4 -83.7 235.0 15.0 24695.0 613.3 ----- SIGT 26.8 -54.3 -83.5 236.7 15.0 24796.3 616.2 ----- SIGT 25.1 -50.5 -83.5 243.6 15.0 25220.2 638.8 ----- SIGW 24.8 -50.7 -83.3 245.0 15.0 25304.0 640.4 ----- SIGT 24.3 -51.1 -83.1 253.3 16.6 25431.2 643.0 ----- SIGW 23.6 -51.0 -83.0 265.0 18.8 25609.0 648.3 ----- SIGW 22.6 -50.8 -82.8 300.0 15.0 25914.0 657.5 ----- SIGT 21.7 -50.7 -82.7 291.7 11.6 26168.2 665.3 ----- SIGW 21.5 -50.5 -82.7 290.0 10.9 26219.0 667.4 ----- SIGW 20.6 -49.4 -82.7 255.0 9.9 26524.0 679.8 ----- MAND 20.0 -48.7 -82.7 265.0 3.9 26702.3 687.1 ----- SIGT 18.6 -49.9 -82.9 268.2 3.3 27178.3 697.8 ----- SIGW 17.9 -50.1 -83.1 270.0 2.9 27439.0 705.3 ----- SIGT 16.0 -50.5 -83.5 312.7 1.5 28162.0 726.5 ----- SIGW 14.2 -47.5 -82.6 0.0 0.0 28963.0 762.4 ----- SIGT 13.5 -46.3 -82.3 5.2 6.7 29280.8 777.1 ----- SIGW 12.9 -46.9 -82.5 10.0 12.8 29573.0 784.9 ----- SIGW 12.3 -47.5 -82.7 0.0 0.0 29878.0 793.1 ----- SIGT 11.0 -49.1 -83.1 283.8 4.3 30633.7 813.8 ----- MAND 10.0 -44.7 -81.7 220.0 8.0 31265.6 852.7 ----- SIGT 9.0 -43.1 -81.1 ----- ----- 31973.3 885.0 ----- SIGT 8.7 -43.9 -81.9 ----- ----- 32201.4 890.5 ----- SIGT 8.5 -41.5 -80.5 ----- ----- 32358.5 905.8 ----- SIGT 8.0 -39.3 -79.3 ----- ----- 32771.9 930.4 ----- SIGT 7.5 -41.3 -80.3 ----- ----- 33212.2 939.6 ----- SIGT 6.8 -39.3 -79.3 ----- ----- 33880.7 974.7 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 24 Sep 2022267 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 4.8 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 285.5 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 300.4 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.7 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 904 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 4.3 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 904 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 14.9 C K Index (KI) = -1.7 Lifted Index (LI) = 14.8 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 36.7 Showalter Index (ShI) = 18.2 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 21.2 Precipitable Water (PW) = 16.4 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -25 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 304 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 9 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 328 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 303 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done