================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024088 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=160 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 993.0 1.4 -4.6 245.0 4.9 221.0 275.1 2.736 SIGT 982.0 1.0 -5.0 247.3 7.2 310.7 275.6 2.684 SIGT 973.0 0.4 -5.6 249.2 9.1 384.7 275.7 2.587 SIGW 946.0 -1.8 -6.1 255.0 15.0 609.0 275.7 2.561 MAND 925.0 -3.5 -6.5 260.0 14.0 787.9 275.7 2.540 SIGT 879.0 -7.5 -7.7 250.7 15.8 1188.6 275.6 2.436 SIGT 877.0 -7.5 -8.3 250.3 15.9 1206.3 275.8 2.330 SIGW 875.6 -7.1 -9.7 250.0 15.9 1219.0 276.3 2.087 SIGT 874.0 -6.7 -11.3 250.3 16.2 1233.1 276.9 1.844 SIGT 870.0 -4.9 -17.9 251.1 16.8 1269.0 279.2 1.074 SIGT 868.0 -3.7 -25.7 251.5 17.1 1287.2 280.6 0.543 SIGT 867.0 -3.1 -32.1 251.7 17.2 1296.3 281.3 0.300 MAND 850.0 -3.5 -25.5 255.0 19.8 1452.9 282.5 0.565 SIGT 847.0 -3.5 -23.5 255.0 19.8 1480.9 282.8 0.679 SIGW 842.4 -3.4 -26.8 255.0 19.8 1524.0 283.3 0.505 SIGT 839.0 -3.3 -29.3 252.9 19.7 1555.9 283.8 0.404 SIGW 810.5 -3.9 -36.3 235.0 18.8 1829.0 286.0 0.213 SIGT 808.0 -3.9 -36.9 235.8 18.7 1853.3 286.2 0.200 SIGT 806.0 -3.9 -35.9 236.4 18.6 1872.8 286.4 0.222 SIGW 779.6 -5.5 -37.5 245.0 16.9 2134.0 287.4 0.196 SIGT 757.0 -6.9 -38.9 245.0 16.9 2365.0 288.3 0.174 SIGW 749.9 -6.7 -42.6 245.0 16.9 2439.0 289.3 0.119 SIGT 737.0 -6.3 -49.3 242.8 19.6 2574.1 291.2 0.059 SIGT 729.0 -6.9 -50.9 241.4 21.3 2659.4 291.5 0.051 SIGW 721.2 -7.3 -42.2 240.0 22.9 2743.0 291.9 0.129 SIGT 717.0 -7.5 -37.5 239.0 22.9 2788.7 292.2 0.213 SIGT 715.0 -7.7 -29.7 238.5 22.9 2810.4 292.2 0.456 MAND 700.0 -8.3 -31.3 235.0 22.9 2975.2 293.3 0.401 SIGT 694.0 -8.9 -29.9 235.0 23.1 3042.0 293.4 0.461 SIGW 666.5 -10.9 -34.2 235.0 23.9 3353.0 294.6 0.319 SIGT 647.0 -12.3 -37.3 246.2 29.1 3581.6 295.5 0.240 SIGW 640.5 -12.6 -39.2 250.0 30.9 3658.0 296.0 0.200 SIGT 612.0 -13.9 -47.9 244.3 37.7 4005.4 298.3 0.082 SIGT 610.0 -13.7 -32.7 243.9 38.2 4030.2 298.9 0.402 SIGT 609.0 -13.7 -32.7 243.7 38.5 4042.7 299.0 0.403 SIGW 591.1 -15.2 -33.5 240.0 42.9 4268.0 299.8 0.383 SIGT 583.0 -15.9 -33.9 239.1 43.8 4373.1 300.2 0.374 SIGW 545.0 -18.8 -42.8 235.0 47.8 4878.0 302.6 0.161 SIGT 533.0 -19.7 -45.7 232.4 48.6 5044.1 303.4 0.119 MAND 500.0 -23.9 -44.9 225.0 50.9 5514.8 303.9 0.139 SIGT 479.0 -26.5 -46.5 222.3 55.2 5826.6 304.5 0.122 SIGW 461.3 -28.2 -48.6 220.0 58.9 6097.0 305.7 0.101 SIGW 442.1 -30.1 -51.0 220.0 65.9 6402.0 307.0 0.084 SIGT 438.0 -30.5 -51.5 220.0 67.3 6468.1 307.3 0.081 SIGT 404.0 -35.1 -51.1 220.0 79.3 7037.2 308.5 0.091 MAND 400.0 -35.3 -51.3 220.0 80.8 7106.5 309.1 0.090 SIGT 377.0 -39.1 -50.1 220.0 82.4 7516.0 309.4 0.106 SIGW 371.3 -40.0 -51.7 220.0 82.8 7621.0 309.6 0.094 SIGT 369.0 -40.3 -52.3 219.3 83.3 7662.7 309.7 0.088 SIGT 365.0 -40.7 -51.7 218.1 84.3 7737.0 310.1 0.095 SIGT 357.0 -41.7 -47.7 215.6 86.3 7887.6 310.8 0.143 SIGT 350.0 -42.9 -47.1 213.4 88.1 8021.6 310.9 0.156 SIGT 348.0 -43.1 -49.1 212.8 88.6 8060.3 311.1 0.127 SIGT 344.0 -43.9 -48.9 211.5 89.7 8138.0 311.1 0.131 SIGT 342.0 -44.1 -52.1 210.9 90.2 8177.2 311.3 0.097 SIGW 339.2 -44.6 -52.2 210.0 90.9 8231.0 311.4 0.097 TRO1 320.0 -48.3 -52.8 210.0 89.7 8619.4 311.5 0.097 SIGT 319.0 -47.7 -57.7 210.0 89.3 8640.0 312.6 0.057 SIGT 314.0 -47.9 -61.9 210.0 86.8 8744.4 313.7 0.037 SIGT 312.0 -48.1 -62.1 210.0 85.9 8786.5 314.0 0.037 SIGT 310.0 -47.1 -75.1 210.0 84.9 8829.0 316.0 ----- MAND 300.0 -47.3 -71.3 210.0 79.8 9046.1 318.7 ----- SIGW 295.5 -46.9 -71.6 210.0 79.8 9146.0 320.6 ----- SIGT 293.0 -46.7 -71.7 210.0 81.1 9202.5 321.7 ----- SIGT 275.0 -49.1 -73.1 210.0 90.5 9621.0 324.1 ----- MAXW 253.0 -50.1 -75.9 210.0 102.8 10166.9 330.4 ----- MAND 250.0 -50.3 -76.3 210.0 100.8 10245.0 331.3 ----- SIGW 245.4 -50.7 -76.7 210.0 102.8 10365.0 332.4 ----- TRO2 238.0 -51.5 -77.5 210.0 94.8 10565.4 334.2 ----- SIGT 228.0 -49.5 -79.5 211.2 92.4 10845.4 341.4 ----- MAND 200.0 -51.3 -81.3 215.0 84.9 11700.6 351.5 ----- SIGT 198.0 -51.5 -81.5 215.3 84.2 11765.9 352.2 ----- SIGT 163.0 -48.9 -82.9 222.1 71.4 13036.6 376.8 ----- MAND 150.0 -49.9 -82.9 225.0 65.9 13581.6 384.1 ----- SIGT 143.0 -51.1 -83.1 221.5 56.7 13893.3 387.3 ----- SIGW 140.2 -50.8 -83.1 220.0 52.8 14024.0 390.1 ----- SIGW 133.8 -50.0 -83.2 235.0 64.9 14329.0 396.7 ----- SIGT 128.0 -49.3 -83.3 227.9 53.5 14617.3 403.0 ----- SIGW 121.8 -50.5 -83.3 220.0 40.8 14939.0 406.5 ----- SIGW 116.2 -51.7 -83.4 215.0 43.9 15243.0 409.9 ----- SIGW 105.8 -54.0 -83.5 205.0 55.9 15853.0 416.7 ----- SIGT 102.0 -54.9 -83.5 214.7 66.3 16087.9 419.3 ----- MAND 100.0 -54.9 -83.5 220.0 71.9 16214.6 421.7 ----- SIGW 96.2 -55.3 -83.5 215.0 71.9 16463.0 425.7 ----- SIGT 88.2 -56.1 -83.5 235.4 54.6 17015.3 434.7 ----- SIGT 81.5 -53.9 -83.5 254.0 38.8 17520.3 449.1 ----- SIGW 79.4 -55.0 -83.5 260.0 33.8 17682.0 450.1 ----- SIGW 75.7 -57.1 -83.5 250.0 23.9 17987.0 451.9 ----- SIGW 72.2 -59.3 -83.5 210.0 19.8 18292.0 453.7 ----- SIGT 71.1 -59.9 -83.5 207.6 26.7 18385.4 454.2 ----- MAND 70.0 -60.1 -83.5 205.0 33.8 18482.7 455.8 ----- SIGW 68.7 -60.4 -83.5 195.0 30.9 18597.0 457.6 ----- SIGT 66.7 -60.9 -83.5 205.7 32.7 18783.6 460.4 ----- SIGT 65.5 -59.5 -83.5 212.2 33.8 18896.9 465.9 ----- SIGT 63.3 -60.3 -83.5 224.5 36.0 19110.4 468.7 ----- SIGW 62.3 -58.9 -83.5 230.0 36.9 19207.0 473.9 ----- SIGT 61.0 -56.9 -83.5 223.3 38.6 19343.1 481.3 ----- SIGT 59.4 -56.3 -83.5 215.0 40.8 19511.7 486.3 ----- SIGW 59.4 -56.3 -83.5 215.0 40.8 19512.0 486.3 ----- SIGT 57.8 -56.1 -83.5 232.0 37.5 19685.3 490.5 ----- SIGW 56.6 -56.7 -83.5 245.0 35.0 19817.0 492.1 ----- SIGT 55.5 -57.3 -83.5 242.9 33.7 19942.8 493.5 ----- SIGW 54.0 -56.2 -83.5 240.0 31.9 20121.0 500.1 ----- SIGT 53.3 -55.7 -83.5 242.6 32.1 20199.6 503.0 ----- SIGW 51.4 -57.3 -83.5 250.0 32.8 20426.0 504.5 ----- MAND 50.0 -58.5 -83.5 285.0 15.9 20604.2 505.6 ----- SIGW 46.7 -60.4 -83.5 295.0 10.9 21036.0 511.2 ----- SIGT 45.1 -61.3 -83.5 32.6 8.2 21248.7 514.0 ----- SIGW 44.4 -61.0 -83.5 75.0 7.0 21341.0 517.0 ----- SIGT 43.2 -60.3 -83.5 126.8 11.0 21516.5 522.8 ----- SIGW 42.3 -60.8 -83.5 165.0 14.0 21646.0 524.8 ----- SIGW 38.3 -63.0 -83.5 250.0 17.9 22256.0 534.1 ----- SIGT 38.2 -63.1 -83.5 250.4 17.7 22278.6 534.4 ----- SIGT 37.3 -59.3 -83.5 252.8 16.8 22426.7 547.8 ----- SIGT 36.7 -58.1 -83.5 254.5 16.1 22528.6 553.4 ----- SIGW 36.5 -58.2 -83.5 255.0 15.9 22560.0 553.8 ----- SIGT 34.3 -60.1 -83.5 259.3 13.3 22952.8 559.0 ----- SIGT 33.4 -58.1 -83.5 261.1 12.2 23119.5 568.5 ----- SIGT 32.4 -58.9 -83.5 263.2 11.0 23310.7 571.4 ----- SIGW 31.6 -57.9 -83.5 265.0 9.9 23475.0 578.3 ----- SIGT 30.9 -57.1 -83.5 254.5 9.1 23609.5 584.0 ----- MAND 30.0 -58.1 -83.5 240.0 8.0 23796.2 586.3 ----- SIGW 28.7 -57.4 -83.5 245.0 9.9 24085.0 596.0 ----- SIGT 28.5 -57.3 -83.5 249.6 10.0 24120.1 597.2 ----- SIGW 27.3 -59.5 -83.5 285.0 10.9 24390.0 598.4 ----- SIGT 27.2 -59.7 -83.5 283.4 10.2 24413.7 598.5 ----- SIGW 26.0 -58.1 -83.5 265.0 1.9 24695.0 610.7 ----- SIGT 25.3 -57.1 -83.5 275.0 4.2 24869.3 618.4 ----- SIGT 24.0 -58.5 -83.5 294.1 8.6 25202.2 623.8 ----- SIGW 23.6 -57.7 -83.5 300.0 9.9 25304.0 628.9 ----- SIGT 23.5 -57.5 -83.5 301.5 10.8 25334.9 630.4 ----- SIGW 22.5 -59.1 -83.5 315.0 18.8 25609.0 633.6 ----- SIGT 21.9 -60.1 -83.5 323.3 15.0 25777.8 635.5 ----- SIGT 21.6 -60.1 -83.5 327.5 13.0 25863.9 638.0 ----- SIGW 21.4 -59.9 -83.5 330.0 11.8 25914.0 640.0 ----- SIGW 20.4 -58.9 -83.5 30.0 9.9 26219.0 652.1 ----- MAND 20.0 -58.5 -83.5 100.0 1.9 26346.2 657.1 ----- SIGT 18.6 -56.3 -83.5 123.8 1.9 26804.9 677.8 ----- SIGW 18.5 -56.4 -83.5 125.0 1.9 26829.0 678.3 ----- SIGT 17.8 -57.3 -83.5 129.2 4.5 27083.6 683.2 ----- SIGW 16.8 -56.6 -83.5 135.0 8.0 27439.0 696.4 ----- SIGW 16.0 -56.1 -83.5 165.0 9.9 27743.0 707.8 ----- SIGT 14.8 -55.1 -83.5 254.9 11.0 28256.9 727.6 ----- SIGT 14.3 -53.1 -83.5 293.4 11.5 28477.5 741.5 ----- SIGW 13.9 -52.7 -83.5 325.0 11.8 28658.0 748.8 ----- SIGW 13.3 -52.0 -83.5 295.0 1.9 28963.0 761.3 ----- SIGT 12.8 -51.5 -83.5 317.8 8.0 29194.6 770.9 ----- SIGW 12.7 -51.6 -83.5 325.0 9.9 29268.0 773.0 ----- SIGT 11.9 -52.3 -83.5 246.5 9.9 29667.3 784.4 ----- SIGW 11.5 -51.5 -83.5 205.0 9.9 29878.0 794.6 ----- SIGW 11.0 -50.3 -83.5 200.0 17.9 30182.0 809.6 ----- SIGT 10.5 -49.1 -83.5 229.1 16.0 30483.1 824.7 ----- MAND 10.0 -49.7 -83.5 260.0 14.0 30803.0 834.1 ----- SIGT 8.9 -43.5 -83.5 ----- ----- 31576.6 886.3 ----- SIGT 8.6 -43.5 -83.5 ----- ----- 31807.3 895.0 ----- SIGT 7.6 -39.9 -80.9 ----- ----- 32645.6 941.7 ----- SIGT 6.6 -37.7 -79.7 ----- ----- 33614.4 989.8 ----- SIGT 6.4 -37.7 -79.7 ----- ----- 33826.7 998.5 ----- SIGT 6.3 -37.5 -79.5 ----- ----- 33935.3 1003.9 ----- SIGT 5.6 -37.3 -79.3 ----- ----- 34749.0 1039.1 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 28 Mar 2024088 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -6.1 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 275.7 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 282.4 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.6 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 886 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -6.8 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 886 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = 877 mb Convective Temperature (CVT) = -4.2 C Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 3.9 C K Index (KI) = -28.1 Lifted Index (LI) = 18.2 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 90.6 Showalter Index (ShI) = 16.8 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 18.8 Precipitable Water (PW) = 4.2 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -265 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = 3 J/kg Convective Inhibition (CIN) = 39 J/kg Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 284 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 316 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 310 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done