================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2019016 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=116 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 991.0 -1.7 -4.9 200.0 14.0 221.0 272.2 2.679 SIGT 989.0 -2.1 -5.3 200.8 14.4 237.1 271.9 2.604 SIGT 962.0 -4.1 -7.5 212.1 19.4 456.4 272.1 2.260 SIGW 943.5 -5.5 -7.7 220.0 22.9 609.0 272.2 2.261 MAND 925.0 -6.9 -8.0 230.0 22.9 764.4 272.3 2.261 SIGT 923.0 -6.9 -7.9 230.0 23.1 781.3 272.4 2.284 SIGW 907.4 -7.8 -8.7 230.0 24.9 914.0 272.8 2.181 SIGW 872.4 -10.0 -10.6 240.0 29.9 1219.0 273.6 1.959 SIGT 868.0 -10.3 -10.8 241.0 30.3 1258.2 273.7 1.932 SIGT 860.0 -9.5 -10.9 242.8 31.0 1329.7 275.3 1.935 MAND 850.0 -10.3 -11.8 245.0 31.9 1420.0 275.4 1.821 SIGT 848.0 -10.5 -12.0 246.7 32.4 1438.2 275.3 1.796 SIGT 841.0 -7.1 -8.2 252.9 34.3 1502.5 279.6 2.449 SIGW 838.7 -7.2 -8.2 255.0 35.0 1524.0 279.7 2.448 SIGT 830.0 -7.7 -8.4 256.3 32.8 1605.1 280.0 2.444 SIGT 826.0 -6.5 -8.0 256.9 31.8 1642.9 281.6 2.533 SIGT 815.0 -6.7 -11.1 258.7 29.0 1747.7 282.5 2.009 SIGW 806.6 -6.1 -9.7 260.0 26.8 1829.0 284.0 2.271 SIGT 806.0 -6.1 -9.6 260.2 26.8 1834.6 284.1 2.290 SIGW 775.7 -7.3 -10.4 270.0 28.9 2134.0 285.9 2.236 SIGT 749.0 -8.3 -11.1 274.5 28.9 2406.9 287.7 2.187 SIGW 745.9 -8.4 -11.4 275.0 28.9 2439.0 287.9 2.145 SIGT 722.0 -9.3 -13.7 270.8 25.6 2691.7 289.6 1.838 SIGW 717.2 -9.6 -14.0 270.0 24.9 2743.0 289.8 1.805 MAND 700.0 -10.7 -15.1 270.0 24.9 2930.5 290.6 1.690 SIGT 681.0 -12.1 -16.3 271.5 24.9 3141.8 291.4 1.572 SIGT 656.0 -12.9 -19.9 273.4 24.9 3427.7 293.6 1.202 SIGT 645.0 -13.5 -27.5 274.3 24.9 3556.6 294.4 0.621 SIGW 636.5 -13.5 -30.9 275.0 24.9 3658.0 295.5 0.457 SIGT 635.0 -13.5 -31.5 275.1 24.8 3675.5 295.7 0.433 SIGT 607.0 -14.1 -26.1 278.0 23.1 4018.3 298.8 0.750 SIGT 599.0 -14.5 -28.5 278.8 22.7 4119.0 299.5 0.609 SIGW 587.2 -15.6 -28.8 280.0 22.0 4268.0 299.9 0.603 SIGT 556.0 -18.7 -29.7 283.4 30.7 4679.1 301.0 0.587 SIGW 541.3 -20.2 -31.9 285.0 35.0 4878.0 301.5 0.488 SIGT 535.0 -20.9 -32.9 286.5 35.3 4965.1 301.7 0.450 SIGT 524.0 -21.9 -37.9 289.1 35.8 5118.3 302.3 0.279 MAND 500.0 -24.9 -33.9 295.0 36.9 5461.5 302.7 0.437 SIGT 487.0 -26.5 -32.5 296.5 39.3 5652.6 303.0 0.513 SIGT 466.0 -28.7 -35.7 299.0 43.3 5969.8 304.1 0.392 SIGW 457.8 -29.8 -34.9 300.0 44.9 6097.0 304.3 0.430 SIGT 453.0 -30.5 -34.5 299.6 44.9 6171.8 304.3 0.454 SIGT 445.0 -31.5 -35.8 298.9 45.1 6298.2 304.6 0.407 SIGT 440.0 -31.7 -36.0 298.5 45.2 6378.2 305.4 0.403 SIGT 433.0 -31.9 -38.9 297.9 45.3 6491.6 306.5 0.305 SIGT 422.0 -33.1 -43.1 297.0 45.5 6673.1 307.2 0.200 SIGT 411.0 -34.9 -44.9 296.0 45.7 6858.2 307.3 0.169 MAND 400.0 -36.3 -42.3 295.0 45.8 7047.1 307.8 0.231 SIGT 391.0 -37.1 -41.1 295.0 46.4 7204.8 308.8 0.268 SIGT 372.0 -39.9 -43.2 295.0 47.5 7547.3 309.5 0.225 SIGW 367.9 -40.4 -43.8 295.0 47.8 7621.0 309.8 0.214 SIGT 301.0 -49.9 -53.8 299.9 68.4 8963.9 314.7 0.092 MAND 300.0 -49.9 -53.8 300.0 68.8 8985.6 315.0 0.092 SIGW 292.6 -51.2 -55.6 300.0 68.8 9146.0 315.4 0.077 SIGT 269.0 -55.7 -61.7 302.7 71.5 9689.9 316.6 0.044 MAND 250.0 -58.5 -64.5 305.0 73.8 10153.6 319.1 ----- SIGW 241.7 -59.4 -65.7 310.0 75.8 10365.0 320.9 ----- MAXW 239.0 -59.7 -66.2 310.0 75.8 10435.0 321.5 ----- TRO1 228.0 -60.9 -67.9 305.0 66.8 10729.7 324.0 ----- SIGT 224.0 -59.9 -66.9 302.8 63.2 10840.1 327.1 ----- SIGW 219.2 -59.9 -67.3 300.0 58.9 10975.0 329.2 ----- SIGT 205.0 -59.7 -68.7 307.3 60.3 11394.2 335.9 ----- SIGT 202.0 -58.9 -67.9 308.9 60.6 11486.5 338.5 ----- MAND 200.0 -57.9 -67.9 310.0 60.8 11549.2 341.1 ----- SIGW 198.9 -57.0 -67.0 305.0 62.9 11585.0 343.1 ----- SIGT 198.0 -56.3 -66.3 304.5 60.8 11612.8 344.6 ----- SIGT 195.0 -55.9 -66.9 303.0 53.5 11709.9 346.8 ----- SIGW 189.5 -56.8 -67.8 300.0 39.8 11890.0 348.2 ----- SIGT 185.0 -57.5 -68.5 295.0 48.9 12043.8 349.4 ----- SIGW 180.6 -56.3 -68.4 290.0 57.9 12195.0 353.7 ----- SIGT 177.0 -55.3 -68.3 289.5 56.6 12324.5 357.5 ----- MAND 150.0 -53.5 -70.5 285.0 45.8 13385.4 377.9 ----- SIGT 149.0 -53.3 -70.3 285.0 45.8 13428.5 379.0 ----- SIGT 142.0 -53.3 -72.3 285.0 45.3 13738.5 384.2 ----- SIGT 138.0 -54.3 -73.3 285.0 45.0 13922.1 385.6 ----- SIGT 130.0 -54.1 -75.1 285.0 44.4 14305.2 392.6 ----- SIGT 120.0 -56.7 -78.7 285.0 43.6 14815.9 396.9 ----- SIGW 112.2 -58.4 -80.4 285.0 42.9 15243.0 401.5 ----- SIGT 111.0 -58.7 -80.7 282.3 42.9 15308.1 402.1 ----- TRO2 110.0 -58.9 -80.9 280.0 42.9 15365.0 402.8 ----- MAND 100.0 -59.9 -81.9 285.0 49.0 15961.9 412.0 ----- SIGT 93.7 -58.9 -81.9 285.0 46.8 16369.5 421.7 ----- SIGT 87.2 -61.1 -83.1 285.0 44.4 16818.5 426.1 ----- SIGW 75.8 -62.1 -83.2 285.0 39.8 17682.0 441.3 ----- SIGW 72.2 -62.5 -83.3 270.0 43.9 17987.0 446.8 ----- MAND 70.0 -62.7 -83.3 280.0 49.0 18178.5 450.3 ----- SIGW 68.7 -62.3 -83.3 285.0 50.9 18292.0 453.4 ----- SIGT 66.0 -61.5 -83.3 282.9 42.7 18542.3 460.5 ----- SIGW 62.3 -63.4 -83.3 280.0 30.9 18902.0 464.1 ----- SIGT 61.7 -63.7 -83.3 280.2 30.7 18958.0 464.6 ----- MAND 50.0 -65.3 -83.3 285.0 25.8 20243.4 489.6 ----- SIGT 46.7 -66.3 -83.3 285.0 23.4 20658.3 496.9 ----- SIGW 46.1 -66.2 -83.3 285.0 22.9 20731.0 498.9 ----- SIGW 41.7 -65.2 -83.3 275.0 25.8 21341.0 515.8 ----- SIGT 38.9 -64.5 -83.3 273.6 28.1 21770.7 528.1 ----- SIGW 32.5 -65.6 -83.3 270.0 33.8 22865.0 553.0 ----- SIGW 30.9 -65.9 -83.3 285.0 26.8 23170.0 560.1 ----- MAND 30.0 -66.1 -83.3 285.0 23.9 23353.0 564.5 ----- SIGW 28.0 -66.6 -83.3 260.0 19.8 23780.0 574.5 ----- SIGW 26.6 -67.0 -83.3 240.0 24.9 24085.0 581.7 ----- SIGW 25.3 -67.4 -83.3 250.0 32.8 24390.0 589.1 ----- SIGT 25.0 -67.5 -83.3 252.1 34.3 24455.4 590.7 ----- SIGW 24.0 -67.1 -83.3 260.0 39.8 24695.0 598.6 ----- SIGW 22.9 -66.5 -83.3 275.0 29.9 25000.0 608.9 ----- MAND 20.0 -65.1 -83.3 265.0 31.9 25807.8 636.9 ----- SIGW 18.7 -66.1 -83.3 250.0 35.0 26219.0 646.1 ----- SIGT 18.5 -66.3 -83.3 251.0 34.8 26281.7 647.5 ----- SIGT 17.8 -64.7 -83.3 254.9 34.4 26516.4 659.8 ----- SIGW 16.9 -65.2 -83.3 260.0 33.8 26829.0 667.8 ----- SIGT 15.3 -66.3 -83.3 265.0 44.8 27437.3 683.7 ----- SIGW 15.3 -66.3 -83.3 265.0 44.9 27439.0 683.7 ----- SIGT 12.8 -64.9 -83.3 260.9 52.3 28522.3 724.3 ----- SIGT 11.2 -59.1 -83.3 257.7 58.0 29348.4 773.5 ----- MAND 10.0 -58.7 -83.3 255.0 62.9 30059.9 800.5 ----- SIGT 8.8 -51.3 -83.3 ----- ----- 30877.0 858.9 ----- SIGT 7.7 -46.3 -81.3 ----- ----- 31754.8 912.5 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 16 Jan 2019016 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -7.7 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 272.3 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 278.3 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.3 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 911 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -8.0 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 911 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 1.3 C K Index (KI) = -1.6 Lifted Index (LI) = 20.3 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 221.5 Showalter Index (ShI) = 18.8 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 27.7 Precipitable Water (PW) = 8.4 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 156 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 281 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -2544237 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 315 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 301 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done