================================================================================
SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2023040 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=155
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev
72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix
Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg]
-------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------
SFC 999.0 1.6 -0.2 220.0 8.0 221.0 274.8 3.775
SIGT 997.0 1.4 -1.8 221.0 8.5 237.2 274.8 3.362
SIGT 992.0 1.2 -2.2 223.7 9.9 277.7 275.0 3.280
SIGT 989.0 1.0 -2.3 225.2 10.7 302.1 275.0 3.265
SIGT 981.0 1.2 -3.0 229.4 12.9 367.5 275.9 3.124
SIGT 976.0 2.4 -4.6 232.1 14.3 408.7 277.5 2.784
SIGT 968.0 2.0 -4.0 236.4 16.5 475.2 277.7 2.937
SIGT 961.0 2.4 -5.6 240.2 18.5 533.9 278.7 2.620
SIGW 952.1 2.0 -6.4 245.0 21.0 609.0 279.0 2.485
SIGT 937.0 1.2 -7.8 250.5 17.1 737.9 279.5 2.267
MAND 925.0 2.0 -16.0 255.0 14.0 841.8 281.4 1.186
SIGT 910.0 2.0 -13.0 262.0 12.9 973.7 282.7 1.543
SIGT 906.0 3.0 -10.0 263.9 12.6 1009.3 284.1 1.973
SIGT 899.0 3.0 -9.0 267.2 12.1 1072.2 284.7 2.152
SIGW 882.8 2.5 -10.4 275.0 10.9 1219.0 285.7 1.968
SIGT 880.0 2.4 -10.6 278.8 11.0 1245.0 285.8 1.936
SIGT 871.0 3.2 -11.8 291.0 11.2 1328.3 287.5 1.777
MAND 850.0 1.4 -10.6 320.0 11.8 1525.5 287.6 2.005
SIGT 841.0 0.8 -9.2 322.8 12.5 1611.1 287.9 2.264
SIGT 836.0 0.6 -12.4 324.4 12.8 1659.0 288.2 1.764
SIGT 823.0 -0.1 -8.1 328.5 13.7 1784.7 288.7 2.523
SIGT 820.0 -0.1 -9.1 329.5 13.9 1814.0 289.0 2.341
SIGW 818.5 -0.1 -9.6 330.0 14.0 1829.0 289.2 2.257
SIGT 814.0 0.0 -11.0 323.5 13.7 1872.8 289.7 2.028
SIGT 811.0 0.2 -9.8 319.2 13.5 1902.4 290.2 2.240
SIGT 806.0 0.8 -13.2 311.8 13.1 1952.1 291.4 1.715
SIGT 802.0 0.8 -16.2 305.9 12.8 1992.1 291.8 1.345
SIGT 798.0 0.6 -17.4 300.0 12.6 2032.2 292.0 1.222
SIGW 787.9 0.1 -18.1 285.0 11.8 2134.0 292.5 1.164
SIGW 758.4 -1.5 -20.3 295.0 17.9 2439.0 294.0 1.003
SIGT 748.0 -2.1 -21.1 286.0 19.0 2549.0 294.5 0.949
SIGT 730.0 -2.9 -26.9 270.1 21.0 2742.3 295.7 0.579
SIGW 729.9 -2.9 -27.0 270.0 21.0 2743.0 295.7 0.575
SIGT 726.0 -2.5 -32.5 271.3 21.7 2785.8 296.6 0.344
SIGT 717.0 -2.7 -29.7 274.3 23.5 2884.7 297.5 0.455
MAND 700.0 -3.9 -28.9 280.0 26.8 3074.5 298.2 0.502
SIGW 649.7 -7.7 -28.4 285.0 36.9 3658.0 300.3 0.568
SIGT 642.0 -8.3 -28.3 286.5 36.9 3751.5 300.7 0.579
SIGW 624.6 -9.4 -31.7 290.0 36.9 3963.0 301.8 0.434
SIGW 600.4 -10.9 -36.5 285.0 39.8 4268.0 303.4 0.281
SIGT 583.0 -12.1 -40.1 277.6 40.5 4494.5 304.6 0.200
SIGW 577.0 -12.7 -40.7 275.0 40.8 4573.0 304.8 0.190
SIGW 554.3 -15.0 -43.0 275.0 37.9 4878.0 305.6 0.154
SIGT 542.0 -16.3 -44.3 275.0 39.8 5047.8 306.0 0.137
SIGT 523.0 -17.9 -44.9 275.0 42.9 5315.6 307.2 0.133
SIGT 520.0 -18.1 -38.1 275.0 43.4 5358.6 307.5 0.276
MAND 500.0 -20.1 -43.1 275.0 46.8 5650.6 308.5 0.169
SIGT 489.0 -21.7 -44.7 275.0 48.7 5815.0 308.6 0.145
SIGW 470.5 -24.0 -43.7 275.0 51.9 6097.0 309.1 0.168
SIGT 456.0 -25.9 -42.9 275.0 52.1 6325.5 309.5 0.190
SIGT 444.0 -26.7 -48.7 275.0 52.3 6518.4 310.9 0.104
SIGW 414.3 -30.8 -51.5 275.0 52.8 7012.0 311.8 0.085
MAND 400.0 -32.9 -52.9 275.0 53.8 7262.6 312.2 0.077
SIGT 399.0 -33.1 -53.1 273.4 53.2 7280.2 312.2 0.075
SIGW 396.9 -32.6 -55.1 270.0 51.9 7317.0 313.3 0.059
SIGT 394.0 -31.9 -57.9 272.6 53.6 7369.2 314.9 0.046
SIGT 383.0 -32.5 -63.5 282.4 60.1 7569.1 316.7 -----
SIGW 380.2 -32.8 -63.6 285.0 61.8 7621.0 317.0 -----
SIGT 368.0 -34.1 -64.1 288.8 69.6 7849.9 318.2 -----
SIGW 348.4 -37.1 -58.7 295.0 82.8 8231.0 319.2 0.0
SIGT 347.0 -37.3 -58.3 295.0 84.1 8258.7 319.2 0.0
SIGT 342.0 -37.9 -52.9 295.0 89.1 8358.9 319.8 0.1
SIGT 339.0 -38.1 -45.1 295.0 92.1 8419.6 320.3 0.2
SIGT 320.0 -40.7 -46.7 295.0 111.6 8814.7 322.0 0.2
SIGW 318.8 -40.9 -46.9 295.0 112.9 8841.0 322.1 0.2
SIGW 304.7 -43.4 -48.7 290.0 109.8 9146.0 322.7 0.2
MAND 300.0 -44.3 -49.3 285.0 113.8 9250.9 322.9 0.1
SIGT 290.0 -46.3 -50.5 284.0 117.3 9477.2 323.2 0.1
SIGT 284.0 -47.1 -51.2 283.4 119.4 9616.0 324.0 0.1
SIGT 280.0 -47.9 -51.9 282.9 120.8 9709.8 324.2 0.1
SIGT 255.0 -52.9 -57.9 280.2 130.1 10320.2 325.6 0.1
SIGW 253.2 -53.2 -58.5 280.0 130.7 10365.0 325.8 0.1
MAND 250.0 -53.7 -59.7 280.0 134.8 10447.8 326.2 0.1
SIGT 246.0 -54.5 -60.5 281.6 135.1 10551.3 326.6 0.1
MAXW 238.0 -55.7 -61.0 285.0 135.8 10761.8 327.8 0.1
SIGW 230.2 -57.0 -61.6 285.0 135.8 10975.0 329.1 0.1
SIGT 228.0 -57.3 -61.7 286.5 132.5 11035.1 329.5 0.1
TRO1 223.0 -58.1 -64.1 290.0 124.9 11175.0 330.3 -----
SIGT 219.0 -57.7 -68.7 290.8 118.3 11289.2 332.7 -----
SIGT 215.0 -57.5 -75.5 291.7 111.6 11405.6 334.7 -----
SIGT 213.0 -57.5 -79.5 292.1 108.2 11464.7 335.6 -----
SIGT 210.0 -53.7 -82.7 292.7 103.0 11555.1 342.9 -----
SIGT 204.0 -52.1 -80.1 294.1 92.3 11742.2 348.3 -----
MAND 200.0 -52.9 -80.9 295.0 84.9 11870.2 349.0 -----
SIGT 199.0 -53.1 -81.1 295.0 84.8 11902.5 349.2 -----
SIGW 190.2 -51.8 -81.4 295.0 83.9 12195.0 355.8 -----
SIGT 188.0 -51.5 -81.5 294.3 84.4 12270.5 357.5 -----
SIGT 180.0 -52.7 -82.7 291.5 86.0 12552.2 360.0 -----
SIGT 167.0 -50.5 -82.5 286.8 88.8 13038.8 371.5 -----
SIGT 160.0 -52.3 -82.3 284.1 90.4 13317.0 373.0 -----
SIGT 155.0 -51.5 -82.5 282.1 91.6 13522.9 377.8 -----
MAND 150.0 -52.1 -83.1 280.0 92.9 13735.5 380.3 -----
SIGT 129.0 -55.7 -84.7 280.0 95.4 14704.5 390.6 -----
SIGT 126.0 -54.7 -84.7 280.0 95.7 14854.7 395.1 -----
SIGW 118.5 -56.9 ----- 280.0 96.7 15243.0 397.9 -----
TRO2 113.0 -58.7 ----- 285.0 86.8 15545.4 400.1 -----
MAND 100.0 -59.1 ----- 290.0 75.8 16312.6 413.6 -----
SIGW 97.6 -59.3 ----- 290.0 76.9 16463.0 416.0 -----
SIGW 84.3 -60.6 ----- 300.0 44.9 17378.0 431.2 -----
SIGT 81.7 -60.9 ----- 298.4 42.6 17575.0 434.5 -----
SIGT 80.0 -59.1 ----- 297.3 41.1 17706.3 440.8 -----
SIGW 76.5 -60.5 ----- 295.0 37.9 17987.0 443.6 -----
SIGT 74.1 -61.5 ----- 278.8 38.5 18184.1 445.5 -----
SIGW 72.8 -61.0 ----- 270.0 38.9 18292.0 448.8 -----
SIGT 70.5 -60.1 ----- 290.5 41.4 18494.0 454.9 -----
MAND 70.0 -60.5 ----- 295.0 42.0 18538.4 455.0 -----
SIGW 66.0 -61.7 ----- 295.0 43.9 18902.0 460.1 -----
SIGT 64.0 -62.3 ----- 298.2 30.1 19094.4 462.8 -----
SIGW 62.8 -62.3 ----- 300.0 22.0 19207.0 465.3 -----
SIGT 62.4 -62.3 ----- 297.1 22.6 19250.8 466.2 -----
SIGW 59.8 -60.3 ----- 280.0 26.8 19512.0 476.3 -----
SIGT 59.8 -60.3 ----- 280.1 26.8 19515.0 476.4 -----
SIGW 57.0 -60.8 ----- 295.0 24.9 19817.0 481.9 -----
SIGW 54.2 -61.4 ----- 270.0 24.9 20121.0 487.4 -----
SIGW 51.6 -61.9 ----- 290.0 8.9 20426.0 493.1 -----
SIGT 50.7 -62.1 ----- 292.9 12.4 20540.2 495.2 -----
MAND 50.0 -61.5 ----- 295.0 15.0 20626.3 498.6 -----
SIGT 48.5 -60.3 ----- 299.6 16.8 20815.7 505.8 -----
SIGT 46.9 -61.1 ----- 304.7 18.7 21024.5 508.7 -----
SIGW 46.8 -61.0 ----- 305.0 18.8 21036.0 509.2 -----
SIGW 44.6 -58.6 ----- 310.0 15.0 21341.0 522.3 -----
SIGT 44.0 -57.9 ----- 318.2 14.1 21424.1 525.9 -----
SIGW 42.5 -59.2 ----- 340.0 11.8 21646.0 528.0 -----
SIGT 42.4 -59.3 ----- 339.5 11.8 21657.0 528.1 -----
SIGW 38.6 -57.0 ----- 310.0 9.9 22256.0 548.5 -----
SIGT 38.4 -56.9 ----- 312.1 9.9 22281.4 549.4 -----
SIGW 36.7 -58.5 ----- 335.0 9.9 22560.0 552.2 -----
SIGW 35.0 -60.3 ----- 70.0 9.9 22865.0 555.3 -----
SIGT 34.6 -60.7 ----- 75.8 9.9 22935.9 556.0 -----
SIGW 33.3 -59.8 ----- 95.0 9.9 23170.0 564.4 -----
SIGT 30.3 -57.5 ----- 63.3 3.6 23768.2 586.2 -----
MAND 30.0 -57.7 ----- 60.0 2.9 23831.0 587.4 -----
SIGW 28.8 -58.3 ----- 320.0 1.0 24085.0 592.4 -----
SIGT 27.8 -58.9 ----- 82.0 3.8 24310.5 597.0 -----
SIGW 27.5 -58.7 ----- 125.0 4.9 24390.0 599.7 -----
SIGW 26.2 -57.8 ----- 100.0 10.9 24695.0 610.4 -----
SIGT 24.2 -56.5 ----- 69.8 10.5 25186.0 628.1 -----
SIGT 23.2 -57.5 ----- 53.3 10.3 25453.3 632.8 -----
SIGT 21.8 -55.5 ----- 29.0 10.0 25848.4 650.1 -----
SIGW 21.6 -55.5 ----- 25.0 9.9 25914.0 651.9 -----
SIGW 20.6 -55.8 ----- 30.0 11.8 26219.0 660.2 -----
MAND 20.0 -55.9 ----- 65.0 8.9 26397.5 665.1 -----
SIGT 18.6 -57.9 ----- 49.4 9.5 26857.3 672.8 -----
SIGW 17.8 -57.5 ----- 40.0 9.9 27134.0 682.5 -----
SIGW 17.0 -57.1 ----- 65.0 8.9 27439.0 693.4 -----
SIGT 15.9 -56.5 ----- 58.3 10.2 27849.8 708.2 -----
SIGW 15.4 -55.0 ----- 55.0 10.9 28048.0 719.6 -----
SIGT 15.2 -54.3 ----- 59.4 11.0 28137.0 724.7 -----
SIGT 14.4 -55.7 ----- 76.4 11.6 28482.6 731.3 -----
SIGW 14.0 -55.2 ----- 85.0 11.8 28658.0 738.8 -----
SIGW 13.4 -54.3 ----- 45.0 5.8 28963.0 751.9 -----
SIGT 13.2 -54.1 ----- 41.3 7.6 29039.1 755.2 -----
SIGW 12.7 -54.6 ----- 30.0 12.8 29268.0 761.2 -----
SIGW 12.1 -55.3 ----- 35.0 21.0 29573.0 769.1 -----
SIGT 12.0 -55.5 ----- ----- ----- 29648.9 771.1 -----
Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 09 Feb 2023040
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -7.6 C
Potential Temperature (Th) = 279.2 K
Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 285.3 K
Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.3 g/kg
Stability Indices and Levels:
-----------------------------
Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 821 mb
Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -9.2 C
Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 821 mb
Equilibrium Level (EL) = -----
Convective Temperature (CVT) = -----
Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 13.4 C
K Index (KI) = -14.1
Lifted Index (LI) = 19.7
Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 70.6
Showalter Index (ShI) = 13.7
Total Totals Index (TTI) = 31.0
Precipitable Water (PW) = 6.1 mm
Energy Analysis:
----------------
Helicity (HELI) = -78 m**2/s**2
Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = -----
Convective Inhibition (CIN) = -----
Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 293 K
CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = -----
Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 323 K
Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 305 mb
CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = -----
================================================================================
UALIST: Done
Last update : 30 December 2022
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