================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024117 TIME= 0 VALID LEVELS=158 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 1001.0 8.8 -6.2 20.0 8.0 221.0 281.9 2.402 MAND 1000.0 7.6 -7.4 25.0 4.9 229.3 280.8 2.191 SIGW 954.5 4.0 -8.0 30.0 8.0 609.0 280.9 2.192 MAND 925.0 1.6 -8.4 85.0 5.8 864.6 281.0 2.192 SIGT 921.0 1.4 -8.6 88.4 5.5 899.5 281.1 2.167 SIGT 908.0 1.0 -8.0 99.7 4.6 1013.9 281.8 2.304 SIGT 890.0 -0.1 -12.1 115.6 3.3 1174.6 282.3 1.697 SIGT 886.0 -0.3 -16.3 119.2 3.0 1210.7 282.5 1.207 SIGW 885.1 -0.4 -15.9 120.0 2.9 1219.0 282.5 1.246 SIGT 880.0 -0.9 -13.9 145.7 3.3 1265.0 282.4 1.483 SIGT 875.0 -1.3 -17.3 171.1 3.7 1310.5 282.4 1.124 SIGT 874.0 -1.3 -19.3 176.2 3.8 1319.6 282.5 0.949 SIGT 869.0 -1.1 -30.1 201.7 4.2 1365.3 283.2 0.362 MAND 850.0 -1.9 -32.9 300.0 5.8 1541.3 284.2 0.283 SIGT 842.0 -2.1 -34.1 300.0 5.8 1616.5 284.7 0.254 SIGW 819.7 -3.8 -34.5 300.0 5.8 1829.0 285.1 0.251 SIGT 809.0 -4.7 -34.7 293.2 5.8 1932.5 285.2 0.249 SIGW 788.5 -5.4 -40.3 280.0 5.8 2134.0 286.6 0.145 SIGT 784.0 -5.5 -41.5 283.7 5.7 2179.1 287.0 0.128 SIGW 758.3 -7.5 -38.4 305.0 4.9 2439.0 287.5 0.183 SIGT 744.0 -8.7 -36.7 295.2 8.3 2587.4 287.8 0.222 SIGT 738.0 -8.9 -31.9 291.1 9.7 2650.1 288.2 0.359 SIGT 735.0 -8.7 -27.7 289.0 10.4 2681.7 288.8 0.535 SIGW 729.2 -8.6 -30.8 285.0 11.8 2743.0 289.6 0.405 SIGT 717.0 -8.3 -37.3 297.9 12.3 2874.0 291.3 0.217 SIGT 711.0 -8.5 -30.5 304.3 12.5 2939.2 291.8 0.426 SIGT 707.0 -8.1 -39.1 308.6 12.6 2983.0 292.7 0.183 SIGW 701.1 -8.3 -36.7 315.0 12.8 3048.0 293.2 0.235 MAND 700.0 -8.3 -36.3 310.0 12.8 3060.2 293.3 0.246 SIGT 693.0 -8.7 -37.7 308.7 13.6 3138.2 293.7 0.216 SIGT 691.0 -8.7 -27.7 308.3 13.8 3160.6 293.9 0.569 SIGT 689.0 -8.9 -24.9 307.9 14.1 3183.0 294.0 0.736 SIGT 679.0 -9.3 -24.3 306.1 15.2 3296.2 294.8 0.788 SIGT 672.0 -9.7 -28.7 304.7 16.0 3376.3 295.2 0.533 SIGT 668.0 -9.9 -27.9 303.9 16.5 3422.4 295.5 0.578 SIGT 665.0 -10.1 -23.1 303.4 16.8 3457.1 295.6 0.896 SIGT 661.0 -10.3 -27.3 302.6 17.3 3503.6 295.9 0.617 SIGT 658.0 -10.5 -22.5 302.0 17.6 3538.6 296.1 0.955 SIGW 647.9 -11.5 -23.5 300.0 18.8 3658.0 296.2 0.886 SIGT 646.0 -11.7 -23.7 301.8 18.8 3680.0 296.3 0.874 SIGT 638.0 -11.7 -32.7 309.6 18.5 3775.5 297.3 0.384 SIGT 628.0 -12.7 -37.7 319.5 18.1 3896.4 297.5 0.238 SIGW 622.5 -12.6 -38.8 325.0 17.9 3963.0 298.4 0.215 SIGT 619.0 -12.5 -39.5 323.6 18.0 4006.6 299.0 0.200 SIGT 601.0 -14.1 -35.1 316.2 18.7 4231.3 299.7 0.323 SIGW 598.1 -14.3 -36.6 315.0 18.8 4268.0 299.8 0.280 SIGT 580.0 -15.9 -45.9 320.7 19.2 4500.4 300.6 0.107 SIGT 569.0 -17.1 -39.1 324.3 19.4 4644.4 300.9 0.227 SIGT 562.0 -17.7 -48.7 326.5 19.6 4737.1 301.2 0.082 SIGW 551.5 -18.6 -51.1 330.0 19.8 4878.0 301.8 0.067 SIGT 548.0 -18.9 -51.9 331.2 20.0 4925.5 302.0 0.062 SIGT 514.0 -22.7 -45.7 342.8 21.6 5399.2 303.0 0.124 SIGW 507.9 -23.0 -45.2 345.0 22.0 5487.0 303.6 0.133 MAND 500.0 -23.5 -44.5 340.0 26.8 5601.5 304.4 0.145 SIGT 479.0 -25.9 -43.9 340.0 26.2 5913.9 305.2 0.162 SIGW 467.0 -26.9 -47.5 340.0 25.8 6097.0 306.1 0.112 SIGT 465.0 -27.1 -48.1 339.5 26.3 6128.3 306.3 0.105 SIGW 447.4 -29.5 -48.1 335.0 29.9 6402.0 306.6 0.109 SIGT 416.0 -34.1 -48.1 338.3 29.9 6919.7 307.2 0.118 MAND 400.0 -36.5 -50.5 340.0 29.9 7193.1 307.6 0.097 SIGT 392.0 -37.7 -50.7 338.4 29.6 7332.8 307.8 0.097 SIGT 377.0 -39.7 -54.7 335.2 29.0 7600.9 308.6 0.065 SIGW 375.9 -39.9 -54.7 335.0 28.9 7621.0 308.6 0.065 SIGT 355.0 -43.3 -55.3 336.3 29.9 8009.0 309.1 0.065 SIGT 345.0 -44.5 -58.5 336.9 30.4 8201.0 310.0 0.049 SIGT 341.0 -45.1 -55.1 337.2 30.6 8279.0 310.2 0.068 SIGT 337.0 -45.7 -56.7 337.4 30.8 8357.7 310.5 0.060 SIGT 334.0 -45.7 -58.7 337.6 31.0 8417.3 311.3 0.049 SIGT 324.0 -46.9 -56.9 338.3 31.5 8619.4 312.3 0.061 SIGT 322.0 -46.9 -57.9 338.5 31.6 8660.4 312.9 0.056 MAND 300.0 -50.7 -58.7 340.0 32.8 9125.7 313.9 0.055 SIGT 291.0 -52.1 -59.1 340.0 32.8 9323.6 314.7 0.054 SIGT 284.0 -53.3 -61.3 340.0 32.8 9480.9 315.1 0.044 SIGT 278.0 -54.1 -62.1 340.0 32.8 9618.2 315.9 0.041 SIGT 272.0 -55.1 -61.1 340.0 32.8 9757.9 316.4 0.046 SIGT 269.0 -55.7 -62.7 340.0 32.8 9828.7 316.6 0.040 SIGT 262.0 -56.9 -62.9 340.0 32.8 9996.2 317.2 0.040 SIGW 259.4 -57.1 -64.8 340.0 32.8 10060.0 317.9 ----- SIGT 259.0 -57.1 -65.1 339.4 33.2 10069.2 318.0 ----- TRO1 256.0 -57.5 -68.5 335.0 35.9 10142.8 318.4 ----- SIGT 253.0 -56.9 -75.9 332.5 38.9 10217.4 320.4 ----- MAND 250.0 -56.9 -75.9 330.0 42.0 10293.0 321.5 ----- SIGT 227.0 -52.7 -79.7 318.1 43.8 10910.5 336.9 ----- SIGT 219.0 -53.7 -79.7 313.6 44.5 11141.7 338.8 ----- SIGT 216.0 -52.5 -80.5 311.9 44.8 11230.7 342.0 ----- SIGW 204.5 -53.2 -79.8 305.0 45.8 11585.0 346.3 ----- MAND 200.0 -53.5 -79.5 315.0 50.9 11727.1 348.1 ----- SIGW 195.0 -53.1 -80.5 315.0 50.9 11890.0 351.2 ----- SIGT 179.0 -51.9 -83.9 315.0 48.1 12443.7 361.9 ----- SIGT 178.0 -51.9 -83.9 315.0 47.9 12480.0 362.5 ----- SIGW 177.5 -51.9 -83.9 315.0 47.8 12500.0 362.8 ----- SIGW 154.1 -52.4 -84.9 300.0 42.9 13414.0 376.9 ----- MAND 150.0 -52.5 -85.1 315.0 42.0 13588.0 379.6 ----- SIGW 140.1 -53.1 -85.1 310.0 35.9 14024.0 385.9 ----- SIGW 133.6 -53.6 -85.1 295.0 37.9 14329.0 390.4 ----- SIGW 115.9 -54.9 -85.1 300.0 42.9 15243.0 404.2 ----- SIGT 107.0 -55.7 -85.1 305.6 44.6 15756.2 412.1 ----- SIGT 104.0 -54.1 -85.1 307.6 45.1 15938.1 418.5 ----- SIGW 100.5 -54.4 -85.1 310.0 45.8 16158.0 421.9 ----- MAND 100.0 -54.5 -85.1 305.0 33.8 16189.6 422.4 ----- SIGW 95.8 -54.9 -85.1 305.0 33.8 16463.0 426.8 ----- SIGW 87.1 -55.9 -85.1 295.0 42.9 17073.0 436.6 ----- SIGT 85.7 -56.1 -85.1 300.0 39.9 17174.6 438.3 ----- SIGW 83.0 -55.6 -85.1 310.0 33.8 17378.0 443.3 ----- SIGT 79.3 -54.9 -85.1 295.6 34.9 17669.6 450.6 ----- SIGW 79.1 -54.9 -85.1 295.0 35.0 17682.0 450.8 ----- SIGW 71.9 -57.0 -85.1 300.0 23.9 18292.0 459.0 ----- SIGT 71.4 -57.1 -85.1 297.3 25.0 18337.3 459.6 ----- MAND 70.0 -56.7 -85.1 290.0 28.0 18462.8 463.1 ----- SIGW 65.3 -55.8 -85.1 280.0 25.8 18902.0 474.4 ----- SIGT 65.0 -55.7 -85.1 283.1 26.4 18933.9 475.2 ----- SIGW 62.3 -56.4 -85.1 310.0 30.9 19207.0 479.5 ----- SIGT 60.6 -56.9 -85.1 302.9 28.6 19379.3 482.2 ----- SIGW 56.6 -54.3 -85.1 285.0 22.9 19817.0 497.6 ----- SIGT 55.4 -53.5 -85.1 296.1 22.9 19952.2 502.5 ----- SIGW 54.0 -54.1 -85.1 310.0 22.9 20121.0 505.0 ----- SIGW 51.4 -55.1 -85.1 305.0 19.8 20426.0 509.5 ----- MAND 50.0 -55.7 -85.1 270.0 29.9 20609.0 512.2 ----- SIGT 48.3 -56.5 -85.1 277.7 32.5 20829.0 515.4 ----- SIGW 46.8 -55.3 -85.1 285.0 35.0 21036.0 523.0 ----- SIGW 44.6 -53.6 -85.1 300.0 26.8 21341.0 534.4 ----- SIGT 44.2 -53.3 -85.1 300.9 25.8 21396.3 536.5 ----- SIGT 42.9 -53.9 -85.1 304.1 22.1 21588.3 539.6 ----- SIGW 42.5 -53.8 -85.1 305.0 21.0 21646.0 541.2 ----- SIGW 40.5 -53.4 -85.1 265.0 14.0 21951.0 549.6 ----- SIGT 40.0 -53.3 -85.1 269.3 19.4 22038.6 552.0 ----- SIGW 38.7 -50.8 -85.1 280.0 32.8 22256.0 563.6 ----- SIGT 38.2 -49.9 -85.1 281.3 29.7 22337.5 568.0 ----- SIGW 36.9 -51.4 -85.1 285.0 21.0 22560.0 569.8 ----- SIGT 36.8 -51.5 -85.1 282.6 20.4 22580.8 570.0 ----- SIGW 35.2 -51.4 -85.1 250.0 11.8 22865.0 577.5 ----- SIGT 34.5 -51.3 -85.1 265.5 12.8 23000.2 581.1 ----- SIGW 33.6 -52.3 -85.1 285.0 14.0 23170.0 582.8 ----- SIGT 32.3 -53.9 -85.1 289.2 14.0 23426.0 585.2 ----- SIGW 32.1 -53.3 -85.1 290.0 14.0 23475.0 588.2 ----- SIGT 31.6 -52.1 -85.1 282.4 15.5 23567.3 593.7 ----- SIGW 30.6 -53.0 -85.1 265.0 18.8 23780.0 597.0 ----- SIGT 30.2 -53.3 -85.1 281.3 19.5 23860.1 598.2 ----- MAND 30.0 -53.3 -85.1 290.0 19.8 23902.9 599.4 ----- SIGT 28.1 -50.5 -85.1 290.0 15.6 24327.0 618.5 ----- SIGW 27.8 -50.5 -85.1 290.0 15.0 24390.0 620.2 ----- SIGT 27.8 -50.5 -85.1 289.2 14.9 24397.0 620.4 ----- SIGW 26.6 -50.8 -85.1 255.0 14.0 24695.0 627.6 ----- SIGT 24.2 -51.5 -85.1 269.9 18.8 25299.8 642.6 ----- SIGW 24.2 -51.5 -85.1 270.0 18.8 25304.0 642.8 ----- SIGW 23.1 -49.3 -85.1 250.0 22.0 25609.0 657.9 ----- SIGT 22.8 -48.7 -85.1 252.6 24.8 25689.2 661.9 ----- SIGT 22.3 -49.5 -85.1 257.4 30.0 25834.8 663.7 ----- SIGW 22.0 -49.3 -85.1 260.0 32.8 25914.0 666.7 ----- SIGW 21.0 -48.3 -85.1 300.0 24.9 26219.0 678.4 ----- MAND 20.0 -47.3 -85.1 315.0 17.9 26551.7 691.4 ----- SIGW 18.3 -47.7 ----- 290.0 18.8 27134.0 707.9 ----- SIGW 17.5 -47.9 ----- 290.0 16.9 27439.0 716.6 ----- SIGT 16.7 -48.1 ----- 295.0 14.0 27742.9 725.4 ----- SIGW 16.7 -48.1 ----- 295.0 14.0 27743.0 725.4 ----- SIGW 15.9 -47.6 ----- 270.0 9.9 28048.0 736.6 ----- SIGW 15.2 -47.1 ----- 290.0 22.9 28353.0 748.0 ----- SIGT 14.6 -46.7 ----- ----- ----- 28631.8 758.6 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 0000 UTC 26 Apr 2024117 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = -8.0 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 281.0 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 286.9 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 2.2 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 791 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = -10.4 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 791 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 10.9 C K Index (KI) = -39.3 Lifted Index (LI) = 15.0 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 38.5 Showalter Index (ShI) = 16.6 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 12.2 Precipitable Water (PW) = 3.9 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 130 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 290 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 313 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 322 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done