================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024110 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=180 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 985.0 10.2 7.6 110.0 7.0 221.0 284.6 6.667 SIGT 980.0 10.6 7.0 114.9 8.1 263.5 285.4 6.429 SIGT 963.0 13.2 4.2 131.9 11.8 410.1 289.5 5.378 SIGT 944.0 15.6 5.6 151.5 16.1 578.6 293.6 6.056 SIGW 940.6 15.4 5.4 155.0 16.9 609.0 293.7 5.999 SIGT 926.0 14.6 4.6 155.0 15.1 741.8 294.2 5.755 MAND 925.0 14.4 4.4 155.0 15.0 750.9 294.0 5.680 SIGT 905.0 13.4 3.4 170.8 19.2 935.4 294.9 5.409 SIGT 892.0 13.8 -6.2 181.2 22.1 1057.3 296.5 2.696 SIGT 878.0 13.2 -5.8 192.6 25.2 1190.4 297.2 2.825 SIGW 875.0 13.0 -3.8 195.0 25.8 1219.0 297.3 3.303 SIGT 870.0 12.6 -0.4 194.0 27.0 1267.3 297.4 4.275 SIGT 852.0 11.6 -6.4 190.4 31.4 1442.4 298.1 2.780 MAND 850.0 11.4 -6.6 190.0 31.9 1462.0 298.1 2.744 SIGW 843.7 10.8 -5.1 190.0 32.8 1524.0 298.1 3.099 SIGT 829.0 9.4 -1.6 194.8 31.0 1670.3 298.1 4.108 SIGT 824.0 9.0 1.0 196.4 30.3 1720.5 298.2 5.002 SIGT 818.0 8.8 -0.2 198.4 29.6 1781.0 298.6 4.616 SIGW 813.3 8.8 -2.2 200.0 28.9 1829.0 299.1 3.999 SIGT 811.0 8.8 -3.2 201.9 28.6 1852.2 299.4 3.727 SIGT 804.0 9.0 -2.0 207.8 27.7 1924.0 300.3 4.112 SIGT 784.0 8.0 -4.0 224.9 24.9 2132.4 301.4 3.630 SIGW 783.8 8.0 -4.0 225.0 24.9 2134.0 301.4 3.640 SIGT 768.0 6.4 -0.6 227.8 27.1 2302.2 301.5 4.777 SIGW 755.3 5.6 -3.7 230.0 28.9 2439.0 302.1 3.855 SIGT 746.0 5.0 -6.0 233.3 31.6 2540.3 302.5 3.277 SIGT 738.0 4.6 -5.4 236.2 33.9 2628.3 303.0 3.468 SIGW 727.6 3.6 -4.8 240.0 36.9 2743.0 303.1 3.687 MAND 700.0 1.0 -3.1 245.0 42.9 3056.7 303.6 4.355 SIGT 692.0 0.4 -2.9 245.0 44.1 3149.2 303.9 4.472 SIGT 681.0 -0.5 -6.5 245.0 45.8 3277.7 304.3 3.456 SIGW 674.6 -0.8 -9.2 245.0 46.8 3353.0 304.8 2.835 SIGT 670.0 -1.1 -11.1 244.1 46.5 3407.9 305.1 2.446 SIGT 666.0 -1.5 -9.5 243.3 46.2 3455.7 305.1 2.795 SIGT 656.0 -2.1 -14.1 241.3 45.4 3576.2 305.8 1.958 SIGT 651.0 -2.5 -14.5 240.3 45.0 3637.0 306.0 1.910 SIGW 649.3 -2.7 -14.1 240.0 44.9 3658.0 306.1 1.985 SIGT 637.0 -3.9 -10.9 238.8 44.9 3809.2 306.3 2.615 SIGT 612.0 -7.1 -11.9 236.2 44.9 4123.6 306.2 2.512 SIGW 600.7 -8.3 -12.6 235.0 44.9 4268.0 306.5 2.413 SIGT 589.0 -9.5 -13.4 236.3 44.9 4421.3 306.8 2.311 SIGT 582.0 -10.3 -14.9 237.0 44.9 4513.7 306.9 2.067 SIGT 580.0 -10.5 -16.5 237.2 44.9 4540.2 306.9 1.815 SIGT 579.0 -10.3 -17.3 237.3 44.9 4553.5 307.3 1.700 SIGT 577.0 -9.7 -23.7 237.6 44.9 4580.2 308.3 0.979 SIGT 576.0 -9.5 -24.5 237.7 44.9 4593.6 308.7 0.913 SIGT 563.0 -10.9 -23.9 239.1 44.9 4769.6 309.1 0.986 SIGT 558.0 -11.5 -22.5 239.7 44.9 4838.1 309.2 1.126 SIGW 555.1 -12.1 -19.5 240.0 44.9 4878.0 308.9 1.475 SIGT 554.0 -12.3 -18.3 239.7 44.9 4893.2 308.9 1.633 SIGT 530.0 -15.3 -18.6 234.2 45.4 5230.1 309.2 1.664 SIGT 520.0 -15.9 -18.2 231.9 45.7 5374.0 310.2 1.754 SIGW 512.3 -16.4 -18.8 230.0 45.8 5487.0 310.9 1.690 SIGT 510.0 -16.5 -19.0 233.7 46.0 5520.4 311.2 1.671 SIGT 502.0 -15.7 -17.5 246.7 46.7 5639.6 313.6 1.929 MAND 500.0 -15.7 -17.4 250.0 46.8 5669.7 313.9 1.953 SIGW 491.9 -16.6 -18.1 250.0 49.0 5792.0 314.2 1.876 SIGT 488.0 -17.1 -18.4 250.0 47.6 5852.7 314.4 1.838 SIGW 472.2 -18.5 -20.3 250.0 42.0 6097.0 315.6 1.613 SIGT 437.0 -21.9 -24.8 234.2 36.2 6673.8 318.4 1.172 SIGW 417.3 -24.0 -26.5 225.0 32.8 7012.0 320.0 1.053 SIGT 416.0 -24.1 -26.6 225.4 33.1 7035.1 320.1 1.046 MAND 400.0 -26.3 -28.9 230.0 35.9 7320.2 320.8 0.880 SIGW 383.5 -28.5 -31.0 225.0 39.8 7621.0 321.8 0.751 SIGT 351.0 -33.1 -35.5 227.1 44.4 8252.8 323.9 0.531 SIGT 334.0 -36.1 -38.4 228.2 46.9 8599.9 324.4 0.416 SIGT 330.0 -36.7 -38.2 228.5 47.5 8683.5 324.7 0.430 SIGT 329.0 -37.1 -39.0 228.6 47.7 8704.5 324.4 0.397 SIGT 327.0 -37.3 -41.7 228.7 48.0 8746.6 324.7 0.301 SIGT 326.0 -37.5 -40.5 228.8 48.1 8767.8 324.7 0.343 SIGT 325.0 -37.7 -42.7 228.8 48.3 8789.0 324.7 0.272 SIGT 322.0 -38.1 -41.5 229.0 48.8 8853.0 325.0 0.312 SIGT 321.0 -38.5 -41.7 229.1 48.9 8874.4 324.8 0.306 SIGT 317.0 -39.3 -43.3 229.4 49.5 8960.4 324.8 0.261 SIGT 315.0 -39.7 -42.8 229.5 49.9 9003.8 324.9 0.277 SIGW 308.5 -40.8 -45.7 230.0 50.9 9146.0 325.2 0.207 SIGT 308.0 -40.9 -45.9 230.3 51.0 9157.1 325.3 0.202 SIGT 305.0 -41.7 -46.4 232.0 51.7 9223.6 325.1 0.193 SIGT 304.0 -41.9 -45.3 232.6 51.9 9245.9 325.1 0.219 MAND 300.0 -42.7 -46.5 235.0 52.8 9335.5 325.2 0.194 SIGT 298.0 -43.1 -47.4 235.4 53.3 9380.6 325.2 0.177 SIGT 296.0 -43.5 -46.3 235.8 53.7 9426.0 325.3 0.201 SIGT 295.0 -43.7 -47.6 235.9 53.9 9448.8 325.3 0.175 SIGT 293.0 -44.3 -46.1 236.3 54.3 9494.4 325.1 0.208 SIGT 289.0 -44.9 -48.6 237.1 55.1 9586.5 325.5 0.161 SIGT 286.0 -45.7 -47.9 237.7 55.8 9656.2 325.4 0.175 SIGT 283.0 -46.3 -48.3 238.3 56.4 9726.4 325.5 0.169 SIGT 275.0 -47.9 -52.8 239.8 58.2 9916.3 325.9 0.113 SIGT 266.0 -49.9 -53.1 241.7 60.2 10135.0 326.1 0.113 MAND 250.0 -53.3 -57.7 245.0 63.9 10537.7 326.8 0.073 SIGT 247.0 -54.1 -58.8 245.0 65.0 10615.3 326.8 0.066 SIGW 244.9 -54.6 -59.1 245.0 65.9 10670.0 326.8 0.064 SIGT 232.0 -57.9 -60.7 248.8 63.2 11014.0 326.9 0.056 SIGT 229.0 -58.7 -61.8 249.7 62.6 11095.9 326.9 0.052 SIGT 216.0 -61.7 -65.1 253.6 59.8 11460.6 327.8 ----- SIGT 213.0 -62.3 -66.6 254.6 59.1 11547.1 328.2 ----- SIGW 211.7 -62.6 -66.3 255.0 58.9 11585.0 328.3 ----- SIGT 211.0 -62.7 -66.1 255.6 60.0 11605.4 328.4 ----- SIGT 208.0 -62.5 -65.1 258.1 65.1 11693.7 330.1 ----- SIGT 207.0 -62.5 -66.0 259.0 66.8 11723.5 330.5 ----- SIGT 204.0 -62.9 -69.9 261.5 71.9 11813.5 331.3 ----- MAND 200.0 -63.7 -67.6 265.0 78.9 11935.3 331.9 ----- SIGT 197.0 -63.3 -69.3 267.1 80.5 12028.1 334.0 ----- SIGT 196.0 -63.5 -69.5 267.8 81.1 12059.4 334.1 ----- SIGT 195.0 -63.7 -70.7 268.5 81.6 12090.8 334.3 ----- MAXW 193.0 -62.8 -72.2 270.0 82.8 12154.4 336.7 ----- SIGW 191.7 -62.3 -73.2 270.0 82.8 12195.0 338.2 ----- SIGT 190.0 -61.5 -74.5 271.8 82.0 12251.0 340.3 ----- SIGT 188.0 -59.3 -75.3 274.0 81.2 12317.0 344.9 ----- SIGT 184.0 -58.3 -76.3 278.4 79.5 12452.1 348.7 ----- SIGW 182.6 -57.9 -76.6 280.0 78.9 12500.0 350.1 ----- SIGT 168.0 -53.5 -80.5 280.0 48.4 13031.2 365.9 ----- SIGW 166.0 -53.8 -80.8 280.0 43.9 13109.0 366.6 ----- SIGW 150.9 -56.3 -83.3 250.0 39.8 13719.0 372.4 ----- MAND 150.0 -56.5 -83.5 265.0 44.9 13755.6 372.7 ----- SIGW 143.8 -57.6 -84.6 265.0 44.9 14024.0 375.4 ----- SIGT 143.0 -57.7 -84.7 263.9 46.1 14058.1 375.8 ----- SIGW 137.0 -56.4 -84.7 255.0 55.9 14329.0 382.7 ----- SIGT 134.0 -55.7 -84.7 259.6 61.4 14470.4 386.4 ----- SIGW 130.6 -56.1 -84.7 265.0 67.8 14634.0 388.5 ----- SIGW 118.5 -57.6 -84.8 275.0 59.8 15243.0 396.6 ----- SIGW 102.5 -59.9 -84.9 295.0 37.9 16158.0 409.1 ----- MAND 100.0 -60.3 -84.9 285.0 28.0 16315.5 411.2 ----- SIGW 97.7 -60.8 -84.9 285.0 28.0 16463.0 413.0 ----- SIGT 94.1 -61.7 -84.9 282.2 28.9 16693.5 415.7 ----- SIGT 91.1 -58.9 -84.9 279.7 29.7 16895.6 425.1 ----- SIGT 85.9 -60.9 -84.9 275.2 31.2 17262.8 428.3 ----- SIGT 83.8 -58.5 -84.9 273.3 31.8 17417.6 436.2 ----- SIGW 80.3 -59.8 -84.9 270.0 32.8 17682.0 438.9 ----- SIGT 77.3 -60.9 -84.9 266.1 25.0 17922.6 441.4 ----- SIGW 76.5 -60.2 -84.9 265.0 22.9 17987.0 444.2 ----- SIGT 75.1 -58.9 -84.9 268.8 24.0 18103.0 449.3 ----- SIGW 72.9 -59.2 -84.9 275.0 25.8 18292.0 452.6 ----- MAND 70.0 -59.5 -84.9 250.0 18.8 18543.9 457.1 ----- SIGW 66.1 -58.5 -84.9 255.0 15.0 18902.0 466.9 ----- SIGT 62.0 -57.3 -84.9 265.0 11.6 19307.5 478.1 ----- SIGW 60.0 -57.5 -84.9 270.0 9.9 19512.0 482.1 ----- SIGW 51.9 -58.6 -84.9 0.0 0.0 20426.0 500.0 ----- MAND 50.0 -58.9 -84.9 240.0 11.8 20663.0 504.7 ----- SIGW 47.1 -59.1 -84.9 250.0 12.8 21036.0 512.8 ----- SIGW 44.9 -59.3 -84.9 255.0 9.9 21341.0 519.5 ----- SIGW 42.7 -59.5 -84.9 265.0 17.9 21646.0 526.3 ----- SIGT 40.9 -59.7 -84.9 287.6 11.5 21921.8 532.6 ----- SIGW 40.7 -59.5 -84.9 290.0 10.9 21951.0 533.7 ----- SIGT 38.3 -57.3 -84.9 296.3 10.3 22334.9 548.8 ----- SIGW 37.0 -58.2 -84.9 300.0 9.9 22560.0 552.0 ----- SIGT 36.6 -58.5 -84.9 310.0 9.9 22621.3 552.8 ----- SIGW 35.2 -58.2 -84.9 350.0 9.9 22865.0 559.8 ----- SIGW 32.0 -57.4 -84.9 300.0 9.9 23475.0 577.5 ----- SIGW 30.5 -57.0 -84.9 360.0 10.9 23780.0 586.6 ----- MAND 30.0 -56.9 -84.9 335.0 5.8 23876.6 589.5 ----- SIGT 28.2 -55.9 -84.9 358.0 4.3 24269.6 602.8 ----- SIGT 27.7 -55.9 -84.9 4.6 3.9 24383.5 605.9 ----- SIGW 27.7 -55.9 -84.9 5.0 3.9 24390.0 606.1 ----- SIGW 26.4 -56.8 -84.9 0.0 0.0 24695.0 611.9 ----- SIGT 25.4 -57.5 -84.9 343.4 1.9 24933.2 616.6 ----- SIGT 23.0 -56.1 -84.9 299.5 7.0 25562.4 638.4 ----- SIGW 21.8 -53.9 -84.9 275.0 9.9 25914.0 655.0 ----- SIGT 20.9 -52.3 -84.9 308.6 10.4 26176.7 667.7 ----- MAND 20.0 -52.3 -84.9 345.0 10.9 26461.5 676.1 ----- SIGW 18.9 -51.4 -84.9 335.0 11.8 26829.0 689.9 ----- SIGT 18.3 -50.9 -84.9 319.6 10.5 27038.2 697.9 ----- SIGW 17.2 -51.3 -84.6 290.0 8.0 27439.0 709.1 ----- SIGT 16.6 -51.5 -84.5 297.7 10.2 27672.3 715.7 ----- SIGW 16.4 -51.4 -84.5 300.0 10.9 27743.0 718.4 ----- SIGW 15.7 -50.7 -84.5 325.0 10.9 28048.0 730.1 ----- SIGW 15.0 -50.1 -84.5 305.0 14.0 28353.0 742.0 ----- SIGT 14.3 -49.5 -84.5 348.1 10.1 28645.3 753.6 ----- SIGW 14.3 -49.5 -84.4 350.0 9.9 28658.0 753.9 ----- SIGW 13.6 -50.7 -82.9 270.0 9.9 28963.0 760.1 ----- SIGT 13.3 -51.3 -82.4 282.7 9.9 29118.4 763.2 ----- SIGW 13.0 -50.7 -82.3 295.0 9.9 29268.0 770.4 ----- SIGW 12.4 -49.4 -82.3 290.0 9.9 29573.0 785.2 ----- SIGW 11.9 -48.1 -82.2 255.0 11.8 29878.0 800.3 ----- SIGW 11.3 -46.8 -82.2 265.0 11.8 30182.0 815.5 ----- SIGT 10.3 -44.1 -82.1 253.6 24.8 30807.1 847.8 ----- MAND 10.0 -44.5 -82.5 250.0 28.9 31005.3 853.5 ----- SIGT 7.7 -43.1 -82.1 ----- ----- 32761.7 925.3 ----- SIGT 6.9 -38.5 -80.5 ----- ----- 33508.6 973.9 ----- SIGT 6.5 -39.7 -80.7 ----- ----- 33918.1 985.6 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 19 Apr 2024110 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 3.4 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 292.4 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 306.4 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.2 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 801 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 1.3 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 801 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 24.4 C K Index (KI) = 16.4 Lifted Index (LI) = 8.8 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 243.9 Showalter Index (ShI) = 9.2 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 36.2 Precipitable Water (PW) = 18.8 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = 173 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 313 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = ----- Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 326 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 330 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done