================================================================================ SOUNDING # 1 IDN= 72528 DAY=2024115 TIME=120000 VALID LEVELS=154 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Idn Id Station Name St Co Lat Lon Elev 72528 KBUF GREATER BUFFALO INTL NY US 42:56N 078:44W 221 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level Pressure Temp Dew Point Dir Speed Height Theta Mix Type [MB] [C] [C] [deg] [KTS] [M ] [K] [g/kg] -------- ------ ----- ----- ----- - ---- ------- ----- ------ SFC 984.0 7.8 6.8 220.0 9.9 221.0 282.3 6.314 SIGT 968.0 6.4 6.4 251.3 10.9 356.1 282.2 6.244 SIGW 938.6 5.5 4.3 310.0 12.8 609.0 283.8 5.570 SIGT 934.0 5.4 4.0 315.1 14.5 649.5 284.1 5.468 MAND 925.0 4.8 3.7 325.0 17.9 728.7 284.2 5.405 SIGT 907.0 3.6 2.9 321.7 19.5 889.0 284.6 5.208 SIGT 897.0 3.4 2.1 319.9 20.5 979.1 285.3 4.972 SIGT 884.0 3.6 1.0 317.5 21.7 1097.8 286.7 4.660 SIGT 879.0 3.6 0.9 316.5 22.1 1143.9 287.2 4.653 SIGW 870.9 3.1 0.4 315.0 22.9 1219.0 287.4 4.535 SIGT 854.0 2.0 -0.6 315.0 19.6 1377.8 287.9 4.292 MAND 850.0 1.8 -0.6 315.0 18.8 1415.8 288.0 4.313 SIGW 838.6 0.9 -0.9 315.0 17.9 1524.0 288.2 4.275 SIGT 813.0 -1.3 -1.6 294.6 14.7 1773.2 288.4 4.189 SIGW 807.3 -1.4 -2.2 290.0 14.0 1829.0 288.9 4.039 SIGT 791.0 -1.7 -3.9 295.3 17.1 1992.1 290.3 3.625 SIGW 777.0 -2.7 -4.7 300.0 19.8 2134.0 290.7 3.481 SIGT 750.0 -4.7 -6.2 290.8 22.7 2414.0 291.5 3.209 SIGW 747.6 -4.9 -6.4 290.0 22.9 2439.0 291.6 3.162 SIGW 719.2 -6.7 -9.3 285.0 23.9 2743.0 292.8 2.636 SIGT 711.0 -7.3 -10.1 285.0 25.6 2832.7 293.1 2.496 MAND 700.0 -8.3 -10.7 285.0 28.0 2954.1 293.3 2.417 SIGW 664.6 -11.5 -12.6 280.0 32.8 3353.0 294.0 2.184 SIGW 638.7 -14.0 -14.1 275.0 28.9 3658.0 294.6 2.019 SIGT 638.0 -14.1 -14.1 275.1 29.0 3666.9 294.6 2.014 SIGT 634.0 -14.5 -15.4 275.9 29.1 3714.7 294.7 1.820 SIGT 621.0 -15.5 -15.5 278.5 29.6 3871.6 295.3 1.843 SIGT 603.0 -17.3 -17.5 282.1 30.3 4093.1 295.7 1.605 SIGT 602.0 -17.3 -17.8 282.3 30.4 4105.5 295.8 1.567 SIGT 600.0 -17.1 -19.2 282.7 30.4 4130.5 296.3 1.395 SIGT 597.0 -16.9 -19.6 283.4 30.6 4168.2 297.0 1.355 SIGW 589.1 -17.6 -20.0 285.0 30.9 4268.0 297.3 1.332 SIGT 588.0 -17.7 -20.0 284.9 31.0 4282.1 297.4 1.329 SIGT 583.0 -18.3 -20.6 284.4 31.4 4346.0 297.4 1.273 SIGT 566.0 -19.3 -23.5 282.6 32.9 4566.7 298.7 1.016 SIGT 545.0 -21.5 -23.3 280.3 34.8 4846.9 299.4 1.074 SIGW 542.7 -21.7 -23.8 280.0 35.0 4878.0 299.5 1.031 SIGT 537.0 -22.1 -25.1 278.7 34.1 4955.9 299.9 0.928 SIGT 519.0 -24.5 -26.0 274.5 31.1 5205.6 300.0 0.885 SIGT 517.0 -24.5 -27.8 274.1 30.8 5233.8 300.3 0.753 SIGT 513.0 -24.9 -29.4 273.1 30.1 5290.4 300.5 0.654 SIGT 506.0 -25.7 -30.7 271.4 29.0 5390.2 300.7 0.587 MAND 500.0 -26.3 -32.3 270.0 28.0 5476.6 301.0 0.510 SIGT 491.0 -27.5 -34.5 271.1 28.0 5607.7 301.1 0.419 SIGW 458.4 -32.0 -35.5 275.0 28.0 6097.0 301.4 0.408 SIGT 451.0 -33.1 -35.7 275.0 29.1 6212.5 301.5 0.405 SIGT 434.0 -35.1 -39.7 275.0 31.7 6481.7 302.2 0.280 SIGT 411.0 -38.7 -42.3 275.0 35.4 6858.7 302.4 0.224 SIGT 407.0 -39.5 -44.2 275.0 36.1 6925.8 302.2 0.184 SIGW 401.9 -40.2 -44.1 275.0 36.9 7012.0 302.3 0.188 MAND 400.0 -40.5 -44.1 275.0 33.8 7044.3 302.4 0.190 SIGT 396.0 -41.1 -44.0 273.7 34.3 7112.7 302.5 0.194 SIGT 391.0 -41.9 -45.7 272.2 35.0 7199.0 302.5 0.163 SIGT 388.0 -42.3 -45.6 271.2 35.4 7251.1 302.7 0.166 SIGT 386.0 -42.7 -47.6 270.6 35.7 7286.1 302.6 0.134 SIGW 384.2 -43.0 -47.4 270.0 35.9 7317.0 302.6 0.138 SIGT 381.0 -43.5 -46.9 271.9 35.9 7374.0 302.7 0.146 SIGT 377.0 -44.3 -48.9 274.2 35.9 7444.9 302.5 0.119 SIGW 367.2 -45.5 -49.0 280.0 35.9 7621.0 303.2 0.122 SIGT 364.0 -45.9 -49.0 277.0 35.4 7679.4 303.4 0.122 SIGT 358.0 -46.7 -52.7 271.4 34.5 7789.9 303.8 0.087 SIGT 354.0 -46.3 -56.3 267.6 33.9 7864.5 305.3 0.059 SIGT 346.0 -46.3 -59.3 259.9 32.6 8016.4 307.3 0.044 TRO1 336.0 -47.9 -59.9 250.0 30.9 8210.7 307.7 0.042 SIGW 335.0 -47.7 -61.2 250.0 29.9 8231.0 308.2 0.037 SIGT 331.0 -47.1 -66.1 253.2 31.1 8309.8 310.1 ----- SIGT 326.0 -47.1 -66.1 257.4 32.5 8410.6 311.5 ----- SIGT 306.0 -46.9 -69.9 274.6 38.7 8830.2 317.5 ----- SIGW 305.5 -47.0 -70.0 275.0 38.9 8841.0 317.5 ----- MAND 300.0 -47.7 -70.7 270.0 40.8 8961.2 318.1 ----- SIGW 291.7 -47.8 -71.1 270.0 42.0 9146.0 320.5 ----- SIGW 254.0 -48.4 -73.3 260.0 44.9 10060.0 332.6 ----- MAND 250.0 -48.5 -73.5 260.0 45.8 10163.5 334.0 ----- SIGT 244.0 -49.3 -73.3 261.6 48.7 10323.1 335.1 ----- SIGW 231.5 -48.1 -75.9 265.0 54.8 10670.0 342.0 ----- SIGT 221.0 -47.1 -78.1 261.7 53.2 10975.7 348.1 ----- SIGW 201.5 -49.0 -80.0 255.0 49.9 11585.0 354.5 ----- MAND 200.0 -49.1 -80.1 260.0 52.8 11634.1 355.0 ----- SIGT 176.0 -50.7 -81.7 266.7 48.4 12470.3 365.6 ----- SIGT 159.0 -49.3 -82.3 272.0 44.9 13134.5 378.8 ----- MAND 150.0 -49.9 -82.9 275.0 42.9 13516.2 384.1 ----- SIGW 145.4 -50.4 -83.0 275.0 42.9 13719.0 386.6 ----- SIGT 140.0 -51.1 -83.1 270.9 40.7 13966.3 389.7 ----- SIGT 128.0 -49.9 -82.9 261.4 35.4 14550.9 401.9 ----- SIGW 120.6 -52.8 -84.2 255.0 31.9 14939.0 403.5 ----- SIGT 117.0 -54.3 -84.7 251.8 37.6 15132.9 404.3 ----- SIGW 115.0 -54.1 -84.8 250.0 40.8 15243.0 406.5 ----- SIGT 112.0 -53.9 -84.9 258.4 39.7 15413.2 410.1 ----- SIGT 110.0 -52.5 -84.5 264.1 39.0 15529.4 414.8 ----- SIGW 109.7 -52.6 -84.5 265.0 38.9 15548.0 415.1 ----- MAND 100.0 -54.5 -84.5 275.0 42.0 16142.8 422.4 ----- SIGT 97.2 -52.3 -84.5 275.0 42.0 16325.7 430.2 ----- SIGW 95.2 -52.7 -84.6 275.0 42.0 16463.0 432.0 ----- SIGW 90.8 -53.5 -84.6 290.0 42.0 16768.0 436.2 ----- SIGT 88.0 -54.1 -84.7 264.0 33.5 16966.5 439.0 ----- SIGW 86.6 -53.5 -84.7 250.0 28.9 17073.0 442.3 ----- SIGT 84.4 -52.5 -84.7 255.3 30.2 17235.6 447.5 ----- SIGT 78.9 -54.7 -84.7 269.6 33.7 17669.1 451.7 ----- SIGW 78.7 -54.7 -84.7 270.0 33.8 17682.0 451.9 ----- SIGW 75.1 -54.7 -84.7 265.0 35.0 17987.0 458.1 ----- SIGW 71.6 -54.7 -84.7 270.0 21.0 18292.0 464.4 ----- MAND 70.0 -54.7 -84.7 240.0 21.0 18435.2 467.4 ----- SIGT 65.4 -53.7 -84.7 235.3 25.5 18871.2 478.7 ----- SIGW 65.1 -53.9 -84.7 235.0 25.8 18902.0 479.0 ----- SIGT 61.9 -55.7 -84.7 247.3 31.1 19223.3 481.9 ----- SIGT 60.5 -52.9 -84.7 252.9 33.5 19370.0 491.3 ----- SIGT 57.0 -52.5 -84.7 267.6 39.8 19754.9 500.7 ----- SIGW 56.5 -52.7 -84.7 270.0 40.8 19817.0 501.5 ----- SIGT 54.6 -53.5 -84.7 266.5 36.3 20032.4 504.6 ----- SIGW 51.4 -52.3 -84.7 260.0 28.0 20426.0 516.3 ----- MAND 50.0 -51.7 -84.7 270.0 17.9 20601.2 521.7 ----- SIGW 49.0 -52.2 -84.5 270.0 18.8 20731.0 523.5 ----- SIGW 46.7 -53.4 -84.0 280.0 15.0 21036.0 527.7 ----- SIGT 46.2 -53.7 -83.9 278.8 16.5 21111.8 528.8 ----- SIGT 45.5 -51.5 -83.9 277.1 18.4 21210.4 536.4 ----- SIGW 44.6 -52.3 -83.9 275.0 21.0 21341.0 537.6 ----- SIGT 43.0 -53.7 -83.9 276.9 19.8 21575.6 539.7 ----- SIGT 41.7 -52.5 -83.9 278.5 18.8 21773.6 547.5 ----- SIGW 40.6 -53.4 -83.9 280.0 17.9 21951.0 549.6 ----- SIGT 39.9 -53.9 -83.9 262.5 18.2 22058.0 550.9 ----- SIGW 38.7 -52.9 -83.9 230.0 18.8 22256.0 558.3 ----- SIGW 36.9 -51.3 -83.9 240.0 33.8 22560.0 569.8 ----- SIGW 35.3 -49.7 -83.9 265.0 32.8 22865.0 581.6 ----- SIGW 33.6 -48.2 -83.9 250.0 30.9 23170.0 593.5 ----- SIGT 32.4 -46.9 -83.9 256.1 24.8 23417.0 603.4 ----- SIGW 30.7 -48.8 -84.3 265.0 15.9 23780.0 607.9 ----- MAND 30.0 -49.5 -84.5 210.0 9.9 23924.2 609.7 ----- SIGT 28.4 -52.3 -84.8 217.7 11.4 24281.2 611.6 ----- SIGW 27.9 -51.8 -84.8 220.0 11.8 24390.0 616.0 ----- SIGT 27.5 -51.3 -84.9 224.9 14.5 24490.0 620.1 ----- SIGW 26.7 -48.4 -84.9 235.0 19.8 24695.0 633.7 ----- SIGT 26.5 -47.9 -84.9 234.4 19.5 24732.7 636.3 ----- SIGT 25.6 -47.7 -83.7 230.6 17.3 24960.8 643.2 ----- SIGW 25.4 -47.8 -83.7 230.0 16.9 25000.0 643.9 ----- SIGT 24.5 -48.7 -83.7 250.6 26.8 25250.3 648.4 ----- SIGW 24.3 -48.3 -83.6 255.0 28.9 25304.0 651.1 ----- SIGT 23.4 -46.3 -83.3 263.2 27.2 25554.0 664.0 ----- SIGW 23.2 -46.2 -83.3 265.0 26.8 25609.0 665.8 ----- SIGT 21.0 -45.3 -83.3 246.8 17.5 26274.9 687.9 ----- SIGW 20.2 -46.2 -83.5 240.0 14.0 26524.0 692.5 ----- MAND 20.0 -46.5 -83.5 235.0 15.0 26599.8 693.9 ----- SIGT 18.6 -45.5 -83.5 258.0 23.6 27082.8 711.6 ----- SIGW 17.6 -45.7 -83.4 275.0 29.9 27439.0 721.8 ----- SIGT 15.4 -46.3 -83.3 289.8 21.1 28339.9 748.4 ----- SIGT 14.4 -48.3 -84.3 297.1 16.7 28784.2 756.2 ----- SIGW 14.0 -46.6 -84.2 300.0 15.0 28963.0 767.9 ----- SIGT 13.5 -44.1 -84.1 246.6 15.8 29213.4 784.6 ----- SIGW 13.4 -43.8 -83.9 235.0 15.9 29268.0 787.5 ----- SIGW 12.8 -42.1 -82.9 245.0 28.0 29573.0 803.7 ----- SIGW 12.2 -40.4 -81.9 260.0 28.0 29878.0 820.1 ----- SIGT 11.9 -39.3 -81.3 261.4 27.5 30068.9 830.5 ----- MAND 10.0 -42.3 -83.3 270.0 24.9 31253.2 861.7 ----- SIGT 7.8 -35.9 -78.9 ----- ----- 32957.2 950.8 ----- SIGT 7.1 -38.1 -80.1 ----- ----- 33607.8 967.7 ----- Parcel Definition for 100 mb Boundary Layer: 1200 UTC 24 Apr 2024115 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Dewpoint Temperature (TD) = 4.2 C Potential Temperature (Th) = 283.8 K Equivalent Potential Temperature (ThE) = 298.3 K Mixing Ratio (MIX) = 5.6 g/kg Stability Indices and Levels: ----------------------------- Lifted Condensation Level (LCL) = 920 mb Temperature at LCL (TLCL) = 4.0 C Level of Free Convection (LFC) = 920 mb Equilibrium Level (EL) = ----- Convective Temperature (CVT) = ----- Forecast Maximum Temperature (FMAX) = 14.2 C K Index (KI) = 25.1 Lifted Index (LI) = 3.8 Severe WEAther Threat Index (SwI) = 161.7 Showalter Index (ShI) = 2.9 Total Totals Index (TTI) = 53.8 Precipitable Water (PW) = 15.8 mm Energy Analysis: ---------------- Helicity (HELI) = -139 m**2/s**2 Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) = ----- Convective Inhibition (CIN) = ----- Theta-E for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 303 K CAPE for Forecast Maximum Temperature = 156 J/kg Maximum Theta-E at or below 300 mb = 317 K Pressure Level of Maximum Theta-E = 305 mb CAPE for Maximum Theta-E = ----- ================================================================================ UALIST: Done