iceberg

CLIMATE (250-200 B.C.): The 100-year cycle seems now to be running shorter than normal 65 years. It is about the only time in history when it runs this short. In the new cycle that began around 235 B.C., the warmest phase was very weak and unstable. No sooner had it started to form when it was interrupted by a 10-year drop in temperature (220-210 B.C.). Then the warm-wet phase revived. HISTORY (250-200 B.C.): By 250 B.C. nation building was over and the empires of the world were already sinking into the usual period of decline preceding the outbreak of civil strife. Note how civil strife predominated from 245 to 210 when it was cold most of the time. But the instant the warm phase of the next 100-year cycle started to form at 225 B.C. nation building was under way again and international wars broke out. Rome obtained her foothold in Greece by interfering with civil wars in that region. This policy finally resulted in annexing to the growing empire the countries around the eastern end of the Mediterranean. When Rome went into a region during times that were climatically mixed, or close to the average, her procedure was generally a liberal and democratic one, leaving to the country a considerable measure of independence and local autonomy, exacting, however, tribute and taxes. The Second Punic War, the sudden power shown by the East Syrian or Bactrian Empire (over toward India) under Antiochus the Great, the appearance of a large Hunnish Empire in Siberia, and the revival of the Chinese under the Han dynasty, all illustrate that the nation-building process takes place on a climatic shift from cold to warm even when the transition is not a vigorous one. However, the building process is not, on the whole, as extensive or as far-reaching in its consequences as it is when the transitions are strong. The Second Punic War began in 218 B.C. According to the climate curve it was actually cold and wet at that time, although it had been slightly warm for the preceding ten years. In any event, the long time trend that began to show at 225 was toward the formation of the usual warm-wet phase of the 100-year cycle. The historical facts harmonize with the variant in the weather trends. While Carthage and Rome were both interested in Spain and wished to gain control of that region, and while Carthage was still smarting from her defeat in the First Punic War, neither side was yet ready for a conflict. The Carthaginian armies were training in Spain for an eventual conflict with Rome, but for the present they were engaged in subduing rebellious tribes. Hannibal was a very young man. He was given command of the armies in defiance of orders from Carthage and so, in order to secure his position, he aggravated the Romans and played upon the desire of the Carthaginians for revenge. His plan was to advance on Rome from Spain, taking advantage of trouble which the Romans were having with hostile tribes in the North. Here is an example of how a human personality can cut across the timing of events by climatic factors. In a few years, a clash between Rome and Carthage would have been inevitable. On the other hand, it is very doubtful if Hannibal could have achieved his purpose if the climatic transition had not already begun, for the chances are that the necessary aggressiveness and unity would not have been sufficient. In Egypt during this period the First Alexandrian School continued to thrive, but its pat fern changed, along with scholarship Over the known world as a whole. Aristotle was a great scholar who combined the organismic and mechanistic patterns, although the organismic dominated in his thinking. He had lived at the end of a warm period as it was turning cold. Now, 100 years later, another famous scholar did the same thing under similar circumstances. He was Archimedes, a great physicist and engineer who was said to have jumped out of his bath shouting, "Eureka!"(J have found it) when he discovered the principle of specific gravity. PART 8 OF 30

CLIMATE (300-250 B.C.): The year 300 B.C. marked the end of another l00-year cycle and fell in the center of a 40-year cold period. About 280 B.C. there occurred the expected rise 1n both temperature and rainfall (at the end of the cold phase), and the formation of the warm-wet phase. Rainfall was apparently very high for about ten years after which there followed a five-year hot drought. Rainfall was apparently very high for about ten years after which there followed a five-year hot drought. Rainfall then recovered to a moderate degree as temperatures rose again after a drop between 265 and 260. At the end of the 50-year period it was getting dry. HISTORY (300-250 B.C.): A glance at the blue items will show that during the 40-year cold period the important historical events belonged to the pattern of cold periods. Out of the confusion of civil war, several strong independent States emerged where once Alexander had held sway. During this period, civilizations all Over the world received their first major shake-up in almost 300 years for this is the first long cold period since 575 B.C. The climatic reaction from the cold phase was apparently a very vigorous one. So was the cultural revival, for there now occurred another one of the greatest Golden Age eras in all. Prominent among these civilizations was Egypt under the Ptolemies. Under Ptolemy Philadelphus, who reigned from 285 to 259 B.C., occurred a brilliant outburst of learning, a period of prosperity and good government. A group of famous scientists and philosophers, known as the First Alexandrian School, congregated at the Museum in Alexandria. Among them was the famous geometrician Euclid. Another was Manetho, an Egyptian historian whose chronologies of the ancient Egyptian civilizations were remarkable for their accuracy and thoroughness. Another was Arisistratos, credited with founding the science of physiology. There were many others. Helped by the foundation laid down during the previous cold period by the patriot Chandragupta, Asoka was able to build one of the great empires of all time in India. He gave to that country one of the most brilliant periods in its entire history. He is known to history as the "Constantine of Buddhism." Another important State was the Syrian or Seleucid Empire. Its capital at first was at Seleucid on the Tigris River, later at Antioch on the Orontes. Many of its kings went by the name of Antiochus; hence, the name of the city. The Seleucid Empire was the largest of the: remnants of Alexander's Kingdom, which extended into India from the eastern end of the Mediterranean. Soon, however, the large eastern part (Parthia, Bactria) gained its independence. It was on this same climatic revival that Rome greatly extended her authority over the neighboring tribes and territory of the Italian peninsular. She completed the subjugation of Italy, and branched out to Epirus which was across the Adriatic Sea to the East. In 264 Rome began her distant conquests by defeating Carthage across the Mediterranean Sea to the South. Trouble had been brewing between these two City States for some time over commercial rivalry. This was the First Punic War. a typical nation-building war. During the cold period previous to the great cultural awakening some of the most famous materialistic movements in the history of philosophy occurred. One of them was led by Epicurus; who advocated a philosophy based upon the pain-pleasure principle, i.e.~ the basic causes of behavior are man's "instinctive" avoidance of pain and attraction to pleasure. The word, "epicurean" today signifies a person dominated by pleasure and the principle: "Eat, drink, and be merry for tomorrow you may die." Epicurus actually led a very dignified life and insisted that it was intellectual pleasure that man should seek. Another school of philosophers was the Stoics who advocated taking the world as you find it, bearing pain nobly, and doing good for its practical results. PART 7 OF 30

CLIMATE (350-300 B.C.): Notice on the climate curve how much cooler it is getting. Thirty out of the fifty years between 350 and 300 B.C. Were cold. This is because we are approaching the termination of a 100-year cycle. The warm phase that began at 415 B.C. did not end until 320, almost 100 years later. The cycle was a long one this time--120 years. Compare the warm periods lying between the drops in temperature during this long warm phase with one another. It will be seen that there was a gradual tendency for them to become hotter and drier as time went on until the climax of the warm-dry phase (generally speaking, the last half of the warm period) was reached, beginning at 330 B.C. The hot drought lasted for 15 years, and was followed by the cold-wet phase. Now, in 1950 we are in the cold-wet phase of the 100-year cycle, and are headed toward the cold-dry phase. In the 1930's, we passed through a hot-drought phase that corresponds to the 320' s B.C. HISTORY (350-300 B.C.): The Greek City States had by now become economically bankrupt and the people morally bankrupt. Human nature had surrendered to immorality, graft, intrigue, and tyranny. Initiative had declined; loyalty had vanished; and the birth rate was down. It is estimated that the population of Athens at this time was only a small fraction of what it was 150 years previously. Wars had not killed off the people, nor had migrations removed them, yet no large armies could be put into the field. Similar trends occurred in the 1920's and 1930's. Economic systems failed; vitality disappeared from art and literaature; modern civilization became morally bankrupt and degenerate; the birth rate was down; human vitality was down. In certain areas in the United States the birth rate sank very low. Unless migraations kept the population up, no one would be living there in a hundred years time. And so it was in Ancient Greece when Philip and Alexander came upon the scene. Both began their reigns during brief, high energy periods, 360 and 336 B.C. Near the end of a short, cold period, Philip of Macedonia was assassinated. The empire passed to his son Alexander the Great, who carved out what was probably the largest empire the world has ever known. It stretched from western India across the Near East, through Egypt. He conquered this large area with a very small army made up mostly of mercenaries, and was aided immeasurably by the prevalence of fifth columnists. While it is no small feat to march the distances covered by Alexander, his exploits have been overrated. Recall how quickly France and Norway collapsed in World War II. The Macedonians were confronted with a very similar situation under similar weather trends. Finally, like Hitler, Alexander developed a Messiah complex. After the latter had conquered Egypt he set himself up as a god. On the other hand, largely through the influence of his famous tutor, Aristotle, Alexander did much to further the advancement of knowledge. He encouraged naturalists and geographers to accompany him on his campaigns. While he was in Egypt, he founded Alexandria and established a library and museum which helped that city to become the center of world learning for several centuries. Aristotle has often been declared the greatest mind of all antiquity. For the most part, he followed the organismic pattern. He wrote on innumerable subjects--philosophy, ethics, logic, biology, political science, geography, and physics, and founded the science of logic. Much thinking in science and philosophy today follows the path laid out by him. Alexander's empire collapsed immediately after his premature death. His generals were soon quarreling among themselves over the division of the empire. Then bloody civil wars broke out; not only in Alexander's empire, but allover the known world for at 320 B.C. there began a worldwide cold phase in the 100-year cycle. PART 6 OF 30

cars are stuck all over the place st. leonard montreal east time 11:12 pm ice pellets and now changing to snow back again a good foot on the floor 30 cm and maybe 3 to 4 cm of ice pellets.

JELLYFISH RULES !! Spanish authorities warned those heading to the countrys Mediterranean coast that massive swarms of jellyfish are likely to cause a hazard to bathers this summer, even in the shallow waters near shore. The Barcelona-based Institute of Marine Sciences says overfishing has eliminated many of the natural predators and competitors that used to keep the gooey invertebrate population under control. Institute research professor Josep-Maria Gili said the recent growth in jellyfish numbers is a message from the sea that something is wrong. Other marine experts say that global warming has also brought about the ideal conditions for jellyfish to breed in the western Mediterranean: mild temperatures, little rain and a lack of the usual winter rainstorms. Similar growth in jellyfish populations has recently occurred in Japan, Namibia, Alaska, Venezuela and western Australia, Gili said.

CHINA DUST !! A massive cloud of yellow sand blew from China into parts of South Korea and Japan, forcing schools to close and creating a health hazard, according to officials. Between March and May every year, large quantities of yellow sand are sent airborne from the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts, with much of it being transported by westerly winds to Japan and the Korean Peninsula. Some of the sand becomes saturated with toxic pollution spewed into the air across China's industrialized regions. Residents downwind are advised to stay indoors or wear face masks while venturing outdoors during times that clouds of the yellow sand are thick. For centuries, China experienced regular outbreaks of sand storms, but the latter half of the twentieth century brought a sharp increase in these storms, likely due to human activities such as overgrazing and deforestation. From AD 300 to 1949, a sand storm typically struck northwestern China every 31 years. After 1990, the occurrence increased to once a year. As China industrialized, the dust storms began to pose new hazards as the sand plumes picked up toxins on their way to the sea.

CHINA COLD !! The most severe winter conditions in 50 years across parts of China have blocked the feeding paths of many wild animals, according to officials. "We estimate that some 100,000 wild animals have been trapped in the mountains to the southwest of Xinjiang," said Dai Zhigang, head of the endangered animal protection station of the Forestry Bureau of Kashi Prefecture, in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Dai told the Xinhua news agency that new sightings of dead animals, mainly grazing species and wild birds, have been reported by wardens every day since Feb. 7, when the blizzard waned. He said that there were once about 4,000 argali wild sheep roaming the area. The rare species may face extinction due to lack of food in early spring, when mountain vegetation will be hard to find after the snowstorm.

Weekly Climate Summary for 23 February 2008 through 7 MARCH 2008 UTC South Pole Station, Antarctica The week's hottest temperature was 111.2 degrees Fahrenheit (44.0 degrees Celsius) at Saint-Louis, Senegal. The week's coldest temperature was minus 78.0 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 61.1 degrees Celsius) at Russia's Vostok Antarctic research station

CLIMATE (400-350 B.C.): Between 400 and 350 B.C., there was another very strong warm-wet maximum. Nevertheless. there is now more evidence of droughts. There are two places in the climate curve where droughts can be expected. The first is when temperature reaches a climax just before it turns cold. and the second is during the climax of the cold period. It often happens that droughts occurring during the climax of the cold period continue after it has turned warm again. That is. following the cold-dry phase of the cycle. temperatures rise ahead of rainfall. Thus. it is that a "hot" drought frequently follows a "cold" drought without any intervening wet years. In this case. however, the hot drought is usually a short one. A short but not severe drought occurred at 375 immediately following a very high, warm-wet maximum. A short, cold drought occurred at 365, and a rather severe hot drought occurred between 355 and 350 B.C. HISTORY (400-350 B.C.): The warm-phase pattern of behavior prevailed most of the time during this fifty-year interval owing to the prevalence of warm temperatures. But not1ce how the trend toward the cold pattern developed suddenly during the brief drops in temperature at 395 and at 365. Another conspicuous feature is the outcropping of nation-building events around 390 (red items numbered in green). and also the evidence of increasing despotism and socialism. especially during the warm-dry periods (red items numbered in yellow). The wars between the Greek City States broke out again and were now of the imperialistic pattern. Sparta reached the height of her power during the warm-wet phase of the 100-year cycle, but became a worse taskmaster over the weaker cities than Athens had ever been. The result of the war was a temporary victory for the city of Thebes. Again, during the cold periods, the subject cities rebelled against their rulers; party struggles in which religion often played a part. flared up. Greek culture was now in a sad state of decline. Good government was practically unknown. Reactionary oligarchs and socialistic dictators held sway. The individual was indifferent to the welfare of the State. Vitality had disappeared from Greek art and literature. The moral tone of Greek life was sinking lower. The entire region was in dire financial straits. The situation was equivalent to a long. recurring depression. Too much socialism was not working. and neither was Fascism. During the brief revival of political strength that occurred after 390 B.C., a race of people to the north of Greece (Macedonians) began to make its presence known. By 360 these people, under the leadership of Philip, were ready to launch conquering expeditions. The conquests of Philip II and then of his son Alexander (especially those of the latter), correspond to the conquests of Hitler. The Greek City States were full of traitors and fifth columnists. Conditions were chaotic in many places. Greek reactionaries welcomed the invader. The outstanding cultural event of the period was the appearance of the philosopher Plato. Plato was a pupil of Socrates who in turn was the teacher of Aristotle. Scholars came from far and wide to study with Plato, whose thinking closely followed the organismic pattern outlined in the Introductory Chapter. No one since his time has been able to improve upon his theory of knowledge. beyond bringing it up to date. But in his famous "Republic," Plato advocated a socialistic State While there are many differences, there are also many very close likenesses between the State advocated by Plato and the Russian system today. Both the "Republic" and the Russian State were associated with similar weather trends. Politically and socially, Russian communism resembles Plato's "Republic" far more than it resembles the society proposed by Karl Marx. Plato, remember, lived during a period when socialism had reached one of its all time highs in history. PART 5 OF 30

CLIMATE (450-400 B.C.): In the early part of this 50-year period rainfall reached another one of the several major climaxes which occurred in rapid succession for nearly two hundred years. But as time went on it became drier, and we know that as it became drier it had to become warmer until a major cold phase set in. No major cold phase occurred between 450 and 400 B.C. There should not have been any long droughts during this time, and there isn't any evidence that there were. All of the evidence points to high rainfall during most of this period and only to a very short cold phase ending the 100-year cycle at 420 B.C. HISTORY (450-400 B.C.): The States and empires that formed over the world around 500 A.D. evidently continued to wax strong. Associated with the rise in temperature and rainfall after a cold wave at 460 B.C. , there occurred the expected outbreak of international wars. The Greeks and Persians were fighting again, and a long, drawn out war flared up between two groups of Greeks City States--the one led by Athens and the other by Sparta. As it stayed warm, Athens under Pericles became more and more socialistic and reactionary. These were the days of great public works. The Acropolis with its beautiful temples and statues was restored. Famous dramatists, sculptors, painters, potters, scientists, historians, and philosophers abounded. Throughout the entire Greek world, as in Athens, the political pattern was becoming more and more reactionary Fascistic and oligarchial in some of the City States, socialistic in others. The family pattern was suffering: in Sparta boys were controlled by the State from the time they were seven years old. The individual male member lived almost exclusively for the State, as he was supposed to do under modern Nazi socialism and as he does in Russia today. The State controlled more and more of the manufacturing and commerce. Individual initiative was on the wane. All this happened also in our last warm phase in the 1930's. Recall that there was a cold period that centered on 420 B.C. In spite of its short duration, very important efforts were made to reinstate democracy. During this cold period most of the provinces of the Persian Empire revolted, including Egypt, where the revolt was temporarily successful. The Greek City States that were under the control of Athens rebelled. In Rome, newly conquered areas tried to regain their freedom. In China, imperialistic power reached a low ebb. This is the pattern of behavior that prevailed during the cold periods all down through history. It will be remembered that preceding these cold periods there is generally a hot-drought phase in the 100-year cycle. It is during this phase that Fascism, despotism, socialism, and communism reach their peaks of intensity. By inspecting the red items numbered in yellow it can be seen that there was a strong trend in this direction even in the absence of long, severe droughts. Associated with the temperature climax was the advocating of a Utopian socialistic scheme by Hippodamus, Greek architect and town planner. Atrocities occurred in the wars between the Greek City States that ordinarily would not have been perpetrated. During these wars Sparta finally won, which meant a defeat for the defenders of democracy. The cold period was not long enough to restore democracy. It was long enough, however, to influence the general pattern of Greek thought. Around 420, there emerged the first atomic conception of the Universe. Accompanying this mechanistic movement, which was promoted by Democritus and Leucippus around 420-410 B.C., there was a trend toward materialism and skepticism. An impasse developed in Greek philosophy. The first philosophers had raised more problems than they had solved and had confused the Greek mind. Hence, there occurred a wave of skepticism in which there were many who even believed that there was no logical basis for the moral life. This was the period of the Sophists. The great teacher Socrates, attempted to stem the tide and restore faith in the new thought, but upon the return of the reactionaries to power, he was accused of polluting the minds of the Greek youth and was made to drink the poisoned hemlock. PART 4 OF 30

Storm Update Tuesday P.M. Tuesday, March 04, 2008 Storm update Not too many changes in thinking since yesterday, but I am more confident for a sizeable snowstorm just barely to the north and west of the major cities from Toronto to Quebec City. There will likely be a change to sleet for a brief time tonight in a line from near London, Ontario to the northern suburbs of Toronto. Storm center as of 4pm EST was moving into southwestern West Virginia. Steadier snow was beginning to spread into lower Michigan and extreme southwestern Ontario. Based on the latest indications, it appears that the heaviest snowfall will be in a narrow band from just north and west (~50 km) of Toronto to barely northwest of Ottawa and then a little farther to the north and west of Montreal and Quebec as a change to sleet is expected in those cities on Wednesday. Ottawa will be right on the edge of all snow and a brief change to sleet early Wednesday. If it stays all snow this will be a big one. Windsor, Ont... snow late Tuesday and Tuesday night......8-16 cm London, Ont.....Snow late Tue/Tuesday night, a period of sleet then back to snow early Wed morning....10-17 cm Sarnia, Ont.... snow through Tue night...... 10-16 cm St. Catharines, Ont.....Snow changing to sleet then ice tonight then back to snow before ending Wednesday morning.....5-8 cm Toronto, Ont.... snow Tuesday night then a some sleet, before back to snow early Wed...8-15 cm, but 12-18 from Vaughan to Markham and 15-25 cm Bradford/Newmarket Hamilton, Ont.....6-9 cm (snow changes to sleet/ice Tuesday night then back to snow before ending Wednesday am. Barrie, Ont.....Snow Tuesday night/Wed am.....12-21 cm Peterborough, Ont......Snow Tuesday night into midday Wed (a period of sleet overnight)....10-20 cm, 25-28 cm not too far to the north. Kingston, Ont... steadier snow Tuesday night before changing to sleet late. Sleet back to snow Wed. morning....8-12 cm Ottawa, Ont....Steady snow late Tuesday night into Wed morning....17-28 cm (amounts quickly mount just to the north) Montreal, Que....Steadier snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet or freezing rain early Wed then back to snow midday Wed....10-17 cm. Amounts higher just N&W. Cornwall, Ont....Snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet/freezing rain late and into Wed morning then back to snow midday Wed.....8-16 cm. Sherbrooke, Que... Snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet then freezing rain by early morning Wed. Back to snow late Wed. Could be a lot of ice accumulation here so be prepared for anything!!!!......5-10 cm. Much higher amounts of snow/sleet going north. Quebec City, Que.....snow Wednesday morning followed by afternoon sleet then back to snow late...15-23 cm (noticeable increase just north and west) Mont Joli, Que.....Heavier snow Wed/Wed eve.....15-28 cm Edmundston, NB......Snow Wed. morning then sleet/freezing rain Wed aft then back to snow Wed eve.........6-12 cm Fredericton, NB........Snow early Wed morning then sleet then freezing rain by mid-morning then rain by evening.....2-4 cm snow Saint John, NB....A little snow late Tuesday night then some sleet/ice for afew hours Wed. morning followed by rain. Most of northern and central Nova Scotia along with PEI will see a a touch of snow quickly going over to sleet/ice then plain rain on Wednesday. Coastal areas of Nova Scotia may see a little sleet at the start then rain..... NEXT I will talk about the potential for a major storm coming up from the southern U.S. states late Friday into Saturday either later tonight or tomorrow. Could be a big one for parts of Ontario and western Quebec. accuweather.com

Alertes/avertissements Montréal métropolitain - Laval 04h20 HNE le mardi 4 mars 2008 un avertissement de poudrerie pour Montréal métropolitain - Laval est émis Des vents forts du nord-est combinés à la neige parfois forte réduira la visibilité à presque nulle. Une importante tempête est attendue sur le Québec des la nuit prochaine... Une importante dépression sur les états du sud-est remontera vers le nord-est pour passer juste au sud de nos régions mercredi. D'importantes quantités de neige sont attendues avec cette tempête sur une grande partie du Québec. La neige débutera au cours de la nuit prochaine sur le sud et se propagera rapidement vers les régions du centre et de l'est par la suite. Un total de 15 à 25 centimètres de neige est attendu sur les régions en avertissement. Ce total pourrait même grimper jusqu'à 35 entre les Laurentides et Québec. De plus, des vents forts du nord-est combinés à la neige causeront de la poudrerie généralisée surtout le long du St-Laurent. La neige deviendra mêlée de grésil avec un risque de pluie verglaçante mercredi sur les régions au sud du St-Laurent. Nous surveillons l'évolution de cette importante tempête. Une légère modification de sa trajectoire pourrait faire augmenter ou diminuer les quantités de neige anticipées. Montréal métropolitain - Laval 04h20 HNE le mardi 4 mars 2008 un avertissement de neige pour Montréal métropolitain - Laval est émis De 15 à 30 cm de neige sont attendus sur ces régions. Une importante tempête est attendue sur le Québec des la nuit prochaine... Une importante dépression sur les états du sud-est remontera vers le nord-est pour passer juste au sud de nos régions mercredi. D'importantes quantités de neige sont attendues avec cette tempête sur une grande partie du Québec. La neige débutera au cours de la nuit prochaine sur le sud et se propagera rapidement vers les régions du centre et de l'est par la suite. Un total de 15 à 25 centimètres de neige est attendu sur les régions en avertissement. Ce total pourrait même grimper jusqu'à 35 entre les Laurentides et Québec. De plus, des vents forts du nord-est combinés à la neige causeront de la poudrerie généralisée surtout le long du St-Laurent. La neige deviendra mêlée de grésil avec un risque de pluie verglaçante mercredi sur les régions au sud du St-Laurent. Nous surveillons l'évolution de cette importante tempête. Une légère modification de sa trajectoire pourrait faire augmenter ou diminuer

I think the heaviest snowfall (over 30 cm) will in a line just to the northwest of Ottawa/Montreal and Quebec City. A dry slot might cut off the snow over extreme souther, southwestern Ontario (near Lake Erie) for a time later Tuesday night. Windsor, Ont...A mix of sleet/snow Mon. night with the front then snow late Tuesday and Tuesday night......8-16 cm London, Ont.....Rain changing to snow/sleet later Monday night. Snow late Tue/Tuesday night....8-15 cm Sarnia, Ont....A bit of snow Monday night, then snow Tue. aft/night...... 10-18 cm St. Catharines, Ont.....Rain changing to sleet/snow later Monday night. Steadier snow later Tue then changing to sleet/ice Tue night then back to snow early Wed. morning.....5-9 cm Toronto, Ont.....A brief period of snow or sleet later Monday night, then steadier snow Tuesday night, perhaps a little sleet...8-15 cm. Hamilton, Ont.....7-10 cm (some sleet/ice for a time Tuesday night. Barrie, Ont......A bit of snow Monday night, snow Tuesday night/Wed am.....12-23 cm Peterborough, Ont......Rain changing to a little snow later Monday night...Snow Tuesday night into midday Wed ( a little sleet possible)....10-20 cm, 25 cm not too far to the north. Kingston, Ont...A little snow or sleet late Monday night then steadier snow Tuesday night before changing to sleet late. Sleet back to snow Wed. morning....5-10 cm Ottawa, Ont....A period of snow Monday night......Steady snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet early Wed. morning then back to snow later in the morning....12-20 cm (amounts quickly mount just to the north) Montreal, Que....A period of snow late Monday night.... Steadier snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet or freezing rain early Wed then back to snow midday Wed....10-17 cm. Cornwall, Ont....A period of snow/sleet late Monday night. Snow Tuesday night then changing to sleet/freezing rain late and into Wed morning then back to snow midday Wed.....7-14 cm. Sherbrooke, Que...A period of snow/sleet late Monday night. Snow late Tuesday night then changing to sleet then freezing rain by early Wed. Back to snow late Wed. Could be a lot of ice accumulation here......5-10 cm Quebec City, Que.....A little snow Monday night with the front then heavier snow Wednesday morning followed by afternoon sleet then back to snow late...12-20 cm (noticeable increase just north and west) Mont Joli, Que.....Light snow late Monday night and early Tuesday....Heavier snow Wed/Wed eve.....15-30 cm Edmundston, NB......Light snow Monday night. Snow Wed. morning then sleet/freezing rain Wed aft/eve.........6-12 cm Fredericton, NB........A little snow Tuesday morning....Snow early Wed then sleet then freezing rain by afternoon. Plain rain later in the day.....1-3 cm Saint John, NB....A little snow Tuesday night then some sleet/ice for a short time Wed. morning followed by rain. Most of northern and central Nova Scotia along with PEI will see a a touch of snow quickly going over to sleet/ice then plain rain on Wednesday. Coastal areas of Nova Scotia may see a little sleet at the start then rain..... ACCUWEATHER .COM

CLIMATE (500-450 B.C.): If it is fairly certain where one phase of 10-year, 20-year, or 100-year cycle happens to be. reasonable surmisals can be made regarding the positions and lengths of the adjacent phases. Accordingly, the combined evidence points strongly to the development, immediately after 500 B.C., of one of the strongest warm-wet phases in the 100-year cycle to have occurred at any time in history since 600 B.C. It was warm most of the time for the next 200 years. There is almost no break between the 100-year cycle that began around 505 B.C. and the next one. That is, where the cold half of the cycle might have been expected there was a cold period that only lasted for about ten years. Much of the time during this whole warm-wet period the California sequoias were growing very fast; it is believed that near this time the Caspian Sea was very high; Nile floods were frequent occurrences; evidently, oases in the Sahara were large; and Europe had great amounts of rainfall, Tree data suggest a drop in temperature of about ten years centering on 460 B.C.; then it turned very warm and wet again. HISTORY (500-450 B.C.): At the beginning of this 50-year period occurred one of the Greatest Golden Age epochs in all history. The Greek City States like Athens, Sparta, Corinth, and Thebes were all in their prime and were beginning an era of great prosperity, but especially Athens. East of the Mediterranean, the new Persia became powerful and aggressive and clashed in the famous wars with the Greeks that are described in every history of the Ancient World. Rome was strong enough to begin her long career of conquest. The cultural awakening, however, was not confined to the Mediterranean area alone. This was an important period both in the history of China and India. There are evidences pointing to virile civilizations on the order of warrior nations in Scotland and also in North and Central America. There probably were strong tribal nations in Central Asia, and doubtless also in Africa, south of Egypt. In Egypt there was a conspicuous economic and cultural awakening. There were several empires around the Black Sea. Most noteworthy of all, however, was the Golden Age of Greece, While the "official" Golden Age known to historians took place in the next 50-year period during the days of Pericles, his leadership marked the end of the Golden Age, not its beginning. The beginning occurred during the first outburst of political and artistic vigor at the opening of the century. At this time lived the famous Greek dramatist, Aeschylus. The Athenian Empire, characterized by the leadership of Athens over the Greek City States to the north and west, was founded in 478 B.C. Struggles between the upper and lower classes of society have come to a head during practically every cold period in history. So it was in the brief cold period that centered on 460 B.C. Party struggles flared up in the Greek States between the aristocrats and the democrats. The famous Pericles. statesman and general, led the democratic party. As it remained warm, governments increased their control over the people. Athens not only tightened the reins over her allies in a League which she had organized, but restricted the freedom of her own people. During the cold period around 460, the democrats in most places succeeded in gaining control of the government. The Greek City States fought among themselves during both warm and cold times. During warm times the wars assumed more of the nature of imperialistic conquests for hegemonies over the weaker States. Sparta and Athens pursued long wars of this type. During cold times, the conflicts assumed more of the nature of party struggles between the reactionaries and the liberals. PART 3 OF 30

WELL LIKE I SAID DEPENDING ON THE TRACK OF THE STORM WILL DETERMINE HOW FAST THAT COLD AIR FLOODS THE MONTREAL AREA BUT DONT BE SURPRISED ON HEAVY WET SNOW AND YES YOU ARE RIGHT ON THE SLEET AND THE MOST MONTREAL COULD GET IS 15 CM ALL DEPENDING HOW FAST THAT COLD AIR FLOODS IN.

AND THIS IS FOR MONTREAL AND WEST AND LOWER AMOUNTS SOUTH EAST OF MONTREAL .

more snow !!! im thinking more snow will fall as the cold front stalls near the american border as the new storm forms so im giving 20 to 28 cm depending on the track...

stormy pattern Sunday, March 02, 2008 I see that parts of northern New Brunswick have had over 25 cm of snow as of Sunday morning and it was still snowing hard in some areas as of midday Sunday. There was a report of 48 cm of snow on the Gaspe Peninsula. Across Nova Scotia, snowfall amounts ranged from a trace to 15 cm. The storm produced a wind gust to 139 km/h (86 mph) at Grand Etang, Nova Scotia. On to the next storm Real tough forecast coming up with the next storm system that will impact parts of eastern and Atlantic Canada during the Monday night through Wednesday night time period. A cold front arriving from the northwest will play a key role in the changeover from rain to ice or snow from southern Ontario through southern Quebec Monday night. That front will then stall out across the Northeastern U.S. Tuesday as a storm moves up from the southeast along the front. Computer models are fairly close with the eventual track of the storm, but the small differences are enough to make a major difference in the forecast for parts of southern/eastern Ontario. Also, the models have trended weaker with this storm, and if that trend continues then the storm set to impact the same region Thursday and Thursday night will end up being stronger. I outlined in the map below the region that I think will see the heaviest accumulations of snow from this storm. The rain/snow mix area for southwestern Ontario accounts for the intial rain with the front and the uncertainty of the eventual track of the actual storm. Keep in mind, this is just my initial idea and I am sure there will be adjustments to this through Monday. Based on all this here are some preliminary ideas for specific sites......Confidence in these numbers is still low at this point. Windsor, Ont...A mix of sleet/snow Mon. night with the front then snow late Tuesday and Tuesday night......5-10 cm London, Ont.....Rain changing to snow/sleet later Monday night. Periods of snow Tuesday night....4-8 cm Sarnia, Ont....A bit of snow Monday, then periods of snow Tue. aft/night......5-10 cm St. Catharines, Ont.....Rain changing to sleet/snow later Monday night. Steadier snow later Tue/Tue night.....6-12 cm Toronto, Ont.....A brief period of snow or sleet later Monday night, then steadier snow Tuesday night...6-12 cm Barrie, Ont......A bit of snow Monday night, mostly light snow Tuesday night.....3-6 cm Peterborough, Ont......Rain changing to a little snow later Monday night...Snow Tuesday night....6-12 cm Kingston, Ont...A little snow or sleet late Monday night then steadier snow Tuesday night into early Wednesday....8-15 cm Ottawa, Ont....A period of snow Monday night......Steady snow late Tuesday night into early Wednesday....10-18 cm Montreal, Que....A period of snow late Monday night.... Steadier snow late Tuesday night into Wed....10-20 cm. Cornwall, Ont....A period of snow/sleet late Monday night. Snow late Tuesday night into Wed.....10-18 cm. Sherbrooke, Que...A period of snow/sleet late Monday night. Snow late Tuesday night into Wed.....15-25 cm. Quebec City, Que.....A little snow Monday night with the front then heavier snow Wednesday...15-25 cm Mont Joli, Que.....Light snow late Monday night and early Tuesday....Heavier snow Wed/Wed eve.....12-22 cm Edmundston, NB......Light snow Monday night then heavier snow Wed.........15-25 cm Fredericton, NB........A little snow Tuesday morning....Snow to sleet to freezing rain Wednesday, big mess! Snow/sleet.....4-8 cm Saint John, NB....Sleet/freezing rain Wednesday changing to rain by Wednesday evening. Most of Nova Scotia and PEI will see a situation of snow quickly going over to sleet/ice then plain rain on Wednesday.... As I said in the above paragraph, there will likely be a second storm forming along the Arctic boundary Thursday which may bring moderate accumulations of snow to southern/central and eastern Ontario. Also, I will be tracking a classic Alberta clipper that may bring light accumulations of snow to most of the southern and central prairies Monday night and Tuesday as it tracks southeastward. A two day outbreak of bitter cold will follow the clipper into the eastern prairies during the middle of next week. accuweather.com

CLIMATE (550-500 B.C.): During the first 30 years of this period we are in the warm phase of the 100-year cycle, but in this instance the cycle had shortened to 70 years. Notice how the latter part of the warm period was considerably drier than the former part. The drop in temperature and rainfall between 540 and 535 is typical in that it breaks the warm period into two parts. HISTORY (550-500 B.C.): Notice particularly, however, how uniformly red are the entries for the main events of the warm period and how quickly the pattern shifts as it turned cold between 520 and 515. While at the opening of the warm period strong government~ revived, and while there was a revival of learning, this is not a major Golden Age period. Golden Age periods, with their conspicuously good leadership and great outcropping of geniuses, occur on the average of about every 200 years. Remember that this is near the opening of a 500-year cycle. Consequently, we can expect profound events to be occurring, and they are. This period is famous for its origin of rational thought in the history of human intelligence. It was a small beginning, but a profound one. The human mind is rising out of semi-barbarism. Here occurred the crude beginnings of science and philosophy. Most of the early philosophers we know about only indirectly or through fragments of their writings. Their views were a mixture of rational thinking and superstition, but it was an important beginning. All of their names, which would mean little to the general reader, have not been included. Among them was Pythagoras, who founded a famous school of thought. The fact that Buddha and Confucius flourished at this time indicates that the awakening was not confined to the region of the Meditertanean. The great revolution that crowded the sixth century with important events will reach a climax during the early part of the next century. It was one of the great dynamic periods of history and the Golden Age of Greece. Note the increase of despotism and atrocities, typical warm-dry events, during the last half of the warm period. While the period between 550 and 520 B.C. is known as the Age of Tyrants, such a statement is misleading because tyrants emerge universally during warm periods in history, especially during the warm-dry phases of the cycle. This does not mean that there are no tyrants during cold times, but it does mean that during the latter parts of the warm periods they fit into the total pattern. Frequently they are deliberately sought, even by the people at such times; while during cold times they do not fit into the total pattern, and efforts, generally successful sooner or later, are made by the people to oust them from office. Notice the migrations toward the end of this period. The Gauls, Teutons, and Celts were western European, north of the Mediterranean; and the Slavs and Scythians were in western Asia. There were almost surely other migrations than those that were recorded. The Scythians were Monngoloid peoples like the Tartars who will be heard from many times. The Slavs were ancestors of the present Slavs. PART 2 OF 30

COULD THIS CYCLE "GLOBAL WARMING" FINALLY BE WINDING DOWN? No one argues that our weather has been very EXTREME over the last few decades, especially during the past several years. Most scientists believe that our global climate is changing, but is our weather being altered by Mankind's influence, or is it merely a part of a long-term climatological cycle? According to our long-term charts, which date back to 600 B.C., there are numerous climatological cycles that influence our weather and other global events including global and national economies. For example, during "Warm-Wet" cycles, like those in the 1920s and the 1990s, we often saw above average global temperatures and precipitation. This situation often leads to bumper crops and very good worldwide economic conditions. However, when temperatures are warmer than average and precipitation falls to below normal levels, less favorable times, or even depression eras like those of the 1930s and the past several years are more likely. Cooler and drier phases often point to "calm" periods like the 1950s and early 1960s. Cycles that become too hot and dry or too cold and dry will often lead to very unfavorable periods, such as the one expected later century, near 2038. Only time will tell. For many years, following widespread ICE AGE predictions back in the 1970s, we've heard that our planet is warming up "at an alarming rate". A study from the National Academy of Science claims that "global warming is real and has been strengthening since 1981." These scientists say that the leading cause of this latest warming is the increasing emissions of greenhouse gases and carbon dioxide. They also state that by the year 2100, temperatures may increase by 2.5 degrees to as much as 10.4 degrees Fahrenheit above those of today. Up until late 2002, much of the Northern Hemisphere north of Latitude 40 was actually becoming GREENER with less total ice. In fact, the average growing season had been extended by around 2 weeks based on satellite data at the time. BUT, now, we believe that temperatures are beginning to cool again, particularly in north- central Canada where this summer there was only about 2 weeks between damaging freezes from late June into mid-July. One of our Harris-Mann Climatology clients went fishing between July 10-13 in northwestern Saskatchewan and reported "piles of ice" still on the ground in the region and temperatures close to the freezing mark. Although the recent summers of the early 21st Century have been amongst the hottest and driest on record across most of the U.S., the winter seasons, by extreme contrast, have been some of the coldest in recorded history. For example, Siberia in Russia reported readings of -70 degrees in January of 2001. Even if our planet is warming up as many scientists claim, we're still much cooler today than we were four to eight-thousand years ago. In fact, there were probably no mid-latitude glaciers about 800 million years ago, because the Earth's climate was so mild at the time. Temperatures today are primarily measured over concrete surfaces compared to grassy ones years ago. We all know that concrete and asphalt absorb heat and this often results in higher afternoon temperatures, especially when we have conditions of very little wind. During a typical hot, summer day, high temperatures may be as much as 3-7 degrees warmer at the official airport or downtown locations compared to outlying rural areas. A comprehensive climatological study of over 600 cities both in North America and around the rest of the world, which I finally completed in mid-2001, compared the average (mean) temperatures in Fahrenheit for the six decades from 1880 through 1940 and the following 60-year period ending December 31, 2000. Needless-to-say, I was a bit surprised to discover that this planet overall had only warmed up a mere .7 of one degree Fahrenheit on a global scale from 1941 through the balance of the 20th Century. In fact, if one removed the 15 largest cities, the "concrete and asphalt jungles", from the study, Mother Earth would have actually COOLED OFF about .4 of one degree Fahrenheit in the last six decades. Tokyo, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Mumbai (Bombay), Seoul, Beijing, Osaka, Rio and Delhi each warmed up by more than a full degree Fahrenheit between 1941 and 2001. In the U.S., only Los Angeles, Phoenix, Dallas, St. Louis, Oklahoma City, Mobile, Alabama, Houston, Salt Lake City, San Jose and Sacramento warmed by a degree or more Fahrenheit during the same 60-year time span. Even New York City, Philadelphia, Baltimore, Boston, Washington, D.C. and Miami along the Atlantic Coastline only warmed up slightly, despite the so-called "heat island" effects. There were dozens of cities, mostly with populations under 300,000 people, that actually turned COOLER during the balance of the 20th Century. These cities included; Billings, Montana, Bismarck, North Dakota, Boise, Idaho, Fargo, North Dakota, Fairbanks, Alaska, Seattle, Washington, Spokane, Washington and Coeur d'Alene, Idaho which cooled by .4 of one degree Fahrenheit from 1941 to 2001. As previously mentioned, temperatures today are primarily observed over concrete or asphalt surfaces, rather than those "grassy knolls" of years past. We all know that concrete and asphalt absorb heat and this often results in higher afternoon temperatures, especially when we have conditions of very little wind. During a typical hot, summer day, high temperatures may be as much as 3-7 degrees warmer at the official airport or downtown locations compared to outlying areas. Robert Felix, author of "Not By Fire, But By Ice" discusses the possibility of an upcoming ICE AGE within the next 20-30 years. He claims, and has the data to prove it, that many glaciers are expanding worldwide, some as much as 18 feet per year and that sea levels have "dropped" slightly since the early 1990s. According to Felix, major ice ages occur about every 11,500 years with the last one occurring nearly 12,000 years ago, so we're supposedly overdue for a BIG COOLING TREND, which may have already begin as Greenland's and Antarctica's ice sheets are thickening at a rapid pace. Our climate would also cool very quickly if we were to see a series of MAJOR volcanic eruptions take place over a short period of time. Since the early 1990s, there has been an overall significant increase in volcanic activity in the Philippines, Japan, Indonesia, El Salvador, Tanzania, Mexico, Columbia, Italy, Alaska and our Pacific Northwest. Since the late 1990s, we've likewise seen a dramatic increase in undersea volcanic eruptions, especially in the western Pacific Ocean regions. Global temperatures cooled rather dramatically following the massive Mt. Pinatubo eruption in June of 1991 in the Philippines. Nearly 200 years before, there was an even more dramatic global cooling associated with the eruption of Mt. Tambora in 1815, which put an incredible EIGHT TIMES more volcanic material into the upper atmosphere than the recent strong eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The following year, 1816, is still being referred to by New England's historians as "Eighteen-Hundred and Froze to Death". Snow fell every month that year at the higher elevations in the interior Northeast while freezes blackened crops that summer in the valleys from northern New England and southeastern Canada all the way south into the Carolinas. In the past few years, we've started to see a trend towards later frosts in the spring and earlier freezes in the fall seasons, despite the warmer than normal temperatures. Whether we continue to warm up or cool down still remains to be seen, but there's no doubt that we're in a long-term cycle of Wide Weather "EXTREMES". Stay tuned...

CLIMATE (600-550 B.C.): The climate of this period was mainly cold and dry. This is the cold-dry phase of the 100-year cycle. The centers of the cold-dry periods are conspicuous turning points in history. For the purpose of these charts, the long-time cycles are defined as beginning and ending at or near the centers of the cold-dry phases. The last cold phase of the 500-year cycle is always a very important time in history, so it is convenient to define the 500-year cycle as running from the center of one cold-dry phase to the center of the fifth one following. There is another reason which supports this procedure. Every fifth cold phase is usually a more severe one, located in the center of a period of time during which climate has deteriorated--has become increasingly drier and colder. The termination of the 5000year cycle marks a turning point in the favorableness of climate. HISTORY (600-550 B.C.): Civilizations radically change at the end of each 500-year cycle, but more especially at the end of the 1,000-year cycle. This period in history marks the end of an epoch in the Ancient World. The powerful and, in a way, brilliant empires of Egypt, Mesopotamia, Crete, and finally Assyria--all of them around the Mediterranean or between it and the Persian Gulf--had run their course. All of them were now in a state of decline and disruption. No strong, healthy states existed anywhere, as far as we know. The world was in one of its H dark ages." There was much wandering of peoples from one region to another. Among these wandering peoples were the Medes and the Persians, who were Indo-Europeans or Caucasians like ourselves. Nineveh, the old capital of the Assyrians, fell to the Medes in 612 B.C. Between them, these wandering hordes broke up the decadent Assyrian civilization. A Semitic people, the Chaldeans, also came upon the scene and made Babylon their capital. For the moment, they were the prominent people of the Western World, and Nebuchadnezzar was their king. But Nebuchadnezzar's rule was an unhappy one. A rebellious mood prevailed everywhere. As the pages of this history open, at 600 B.C., the western provinces of his empire were in revolt, especially the little kingdom of Judea. Jerusalem paid for its unwillingness to submit by being destroyed, and many of its people were carried off to Babylon as slaves. This happened in the second decade of the century. Greece, fortunately, had not been subjected to the Chaldean yoke, but all during the first half of the century, 600-550 B.C., she was having troubles of her own. This was a period of struggle between the underprivileged classes, especially the farmers and small merchants and the nobility. Coinage had just been substituted for the barter system in the economy of the Greek City States, but only the rich could secure the coins. The poor people had none. At the same time, the Greek people were quarreling among themselves over religious problems, and those who 'went on pilgrimages to the temples were oppressed. In Athens, during this time, a famous nobleman and poet, Solon, was greatly affected by the misery of the people and attempted to institute reforms. He wanted more democratic laws but, while he was successful in effecting many reforms, they did not go far enough. A few years later, in an effort to prevent dictators from assuming power again as they had done previously, the Greeks adopted the method of ostracism. An official who attempted to usurp too much power could be banished by the people. This was a democratic move. Democratic principles grew rapidly during this 50-year period. Sparta, one of the most important of the Greek City States, became a champion and protector of democratic principles and promoted reforms among the cities of the Greek peninsula. However, Sparta's government was socialistic compared with Athens. Simultaneously in Italy, the Romans and Etruscans--then hardly better than competing tribes--were quarreling and a legendary Roman king, Servius Tullius, was assassinated. Egypt, under a new and democratic ruler, Amasis II (Ahmose), became noted for its cosmopolitan spirit; foreign scholars and men of commerce were invited to go there and live. But Egypt, too, was in internal turmoil. The armies disagreed on a new leader and were having trouble with the Ethiopians to the south of them. In fact, Egypt was virtually in a state of political collapse. The king had little effective power. Bands of Celts were roaming over Italy at will. Carthage, near the present city of Tunis, was having serious difficulties with native tribes from the south. The Phoenician city of Cadiz on the southern shore of Spain was having similar trouble. The land and the sea were infested with pirates because there were no strong governments to keep them down. There is evidence that Polynesian races migrated eastward into the East Indies from the Asiatic mainland at about this time, and that wild Mongoloid tribes, the Ainu, moved into southern Japan from the north and northwest, disrupting the higher Japanese civilization. The Greeks were spreading out too, extending their colonies farther and farther afield. Waves of Teutons came out of Scandinavia. So, all over the known world, a certain pattern of conditions prevailed from 600-550 B.C. Governments were weak and crumbling; people were rebellious against their governments and quarreling among themselves; they were divided into hostile religious factions; strife prevailed between the rich and the poor--the ruling and the underprivileged classes. Restlessness was everywhere. Hordes were on th. march, migrating from one region to another; savages were raiding the centers of civilization, and pirates were raiding the commerce of the seas. There were no strong governments anywhere; there was a lack of unity and an absence of loyalty to states everywhere during this period. Keep this pattern in mind and what the climatic conditions were during this period. It was mostly cold and dry; that is, the great majority of the countries of the earth, especially in the Temperate Zones. were colder and drier than normal. We are in the cold phase of a world-wide climatic cycle, and in the dry part of that cold phase. The cycle of which this cold-dry phase is a part averages 100 years in length. There is one very important fact to remember about Greek history during this time. It is not only a fact, but a lesson which mankind has never adequately learned even after the passage of 2500 years of time. The Greek City States became prosperous and went through the most brilliant period of their history because there originated within their society a sufficiently large and powerful middle class which built up a private enterprise system. This event was part of an industrial revolution which was now under way and came to a climax later. Before 600 B.C., Greek colonists had spread up and down the Mediterranean and around the Black Sea. From the Black Sea they made contact with the grain areas along the lower Danube River, and with the iron mines along the southeastern coast of the sea. On the southern coast they had found a friendly people in the Egyptians and had established trading centers there. To the westward they had founded cities in Sicily. Syracuse became one of the most powerful and one of the richest cities of the Greek world. All of this led to a great increase of business and manufacturing in the home cities. A large market opened up for Greek wares. New kinds of ships were invented that enabled the Greeks to obtain control of the seas. Rugs were imported from the Orient; grain, fish, and amber from the north; bronzes from Italy. Athens became a great manufacturing center for pottery which was decorated very beautifully. Pottery was for Athens what the textile and woolen mills were for the United States. The date 600 B.C. was as important to Greek history as was the middle of the nineteenth century to our own history. It centered upon a period of rapid commercial growth. It is well to remember that both of these dates occurred in the middle of long, cold periods. Recall how in the mid-nineteenth century our clipper ships were sailing all over the world. With the dawn of the 500'5 B.C. it was evident that the character of the ancient World was radically changing. Time does not permit a detailed account of how the Ancient Egyptian, Babylonian, and Assyrian empires differed from the Greek and Roman civilizations. The older civilizations were preoccupied with religion, and everything was explained supernaturally. When religion did not preoccupy them military conquests did. The new 1000-year period was to be based on rational thought and naturalistic explanations. crude though they were. This meant that it would also be based on new inventions, new types economy. new ways of living, new forms of architecture and a new outlook on life. The old ways of thinking, the old religions. the old techniques of living, and the old political and economic patterns were now outmoded. In other words. the Greek and Roman civilizations came into being as a result of great revolutions and of a tremendous increase in the capacity of mankind to think. Another natural breaking point in history occurred 500 years later when t here took place another very profound revolution--the birth of the Christian Church. Five hundred years after that in fifth century, came another one of the major breaks or turning points in history that happens only once in a thousand years, namely, the fall of Rome and of all the other ancient civilizations as well. This century marked the end of ancient times and the beginning of Medieval history. The next turning point occurred in the tenth century with the emergence of Feudalism. The next took place in the 15th century at the end of another 1000 year period, when Medieval history ended and the Modern world began. Institutions and ways of thinking once more changed very drastically. Once more an old world died and a new one was born. At the present moment we stand face to face with one of the 500-year land marks of history, for a 500-year cycle is drawing to a close. Whether we like it or not. or realize it or not, a great social and moral revolution is under way, perhaps not quite but almost as profound as the revolution that ushered in the Greek world in the sixth century B.C. Suppose we look at a few of the striking parallels. (1) Just before the long cold period had begun. in the latter part of the seventh century B.C., the dominating people of the Near East were the Assyrians. They had passed through the second brilliant period of their history. While their last ruler. Ashurbanipal (668-626 B.C.). was a scholar and had collected a great library. the Assyrians' Empire was in the last stages of decline. During a nation-falling type of war in 612 B.C., the capital of the empire, Nineveh, fell to the Medes and the Chaldeans. The peoples of the entire 1 and rejoiced when they heard the glad tidings, for the Assyrians had been the "Nazis" of their day. (2) But the Chaldeans correspond to the Russians. They set up their capital in Babylonian and as overlords were hardly an improvement over the -Nazi" Assyrians. Nebuchadnezzar, who reigned from 604 561 B.C., carried off many Hebrews from Palestine to Jerusalem as captives, just as the Russians are doing now with the Czecholsovakians and other peoples of Central Europe. (3) The flare -up of the Chaldeans, although dramatic, was brief. They in turn gave way to the Persians, who were democratic and benevolent in their treatment of the native tribes. We can expect the present Russian control of her many satellite states to be brief. Before long, democracy will win out in the entire area of Central Europe. (4) There was a great effort on the part of the underprivileged classes of the 500's B.C. to free themselves and to secure an opportunity to participate in government. The farmer constituted one of the underprivileged groups, but historically of greater importance was the new business class. or middle class, who were now beneficiaries of the budding industrial revolution. These men had became prosperous in business and trade and were now demanding a share in the government of the land, JUST AS LABOR TODAY IS DEMANDING A GREATER SHARE IN THE GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLD. AND IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS IN THIS COUNTRY. PART 1 OF 30.. I WILL BE LOOKING AT PAST CLIMATES RIGHT UP TILL TODAYS.. FROM THE HISTORICAL WEATHER FOUNDATION BOOKS..

MARCH UPDATE LONG RANGE FORCAST FOR CANADA AND USA.... Long Range Update through March Friday, February 29, 2008 This is my interpretation of the latest European long range model forecast for North America that goes through the end of March. This product is updated every Friday and is only available for our own in house use, but there is nothing wrong with me telling you what it shows. The week of March 10-16 The model shows a large trough (pocket of cold air aloft) in the means across eastern North America, while it has a strong ridge (pocket of warm/dry air aloft along the U.S. West coast. --A very cold pattern by March standards across eastern Canada (eastern Manitoba through Quebec). --Unseasonably cold throughout much of the eastern U.S. --Drier than normal pattern across southwestern BC. --Above-normal temperatures across much of western Canada, --Slightly drier than normal over the western Prairies. --Stormy pattern for the Maritimes. The week of March 17-23 --Colder weather returns to much of western Canada, including the western prairies. --Wetter pattern returns to western BC. --Still colder than normal from the eastern Prairies through Ontario and Quebec. --Drier and slightly milder than normal pattern for Newfoundland. The week of March 24-30 --Unseasonably cold from the Great Lakes region into the eastern U.S. --Chilly, damp pattern for the Southeast U.S. --Above-normal precipitation for the Northeast U.S. and the coastal Maritimes. --Above-normal precipitation for BC. --Milder than normal pattern prevails for Newfoundland. --Unseasonably warm across the far western U.S. --Cold pattern for the Yukon Territory. If your region is not mentioned it usually means there was nothing that stood out, meaning fairly close to normal weather conditions for the week. ACCUWEATHER.COM

TEMPERATURE EXTREMES THIS WEEK.... FEB 17- 23 .... 2008 The week's hottest temperature was 111.2 degrees Fahrenheit (44.0 degrees Celsius) at Podor, Senegal. The week's coldest temperature was minus 74.2 degrees Fahrenheit (minus 59.0 degrees Celsius) at Russia's Vostok Antarctic research station.

south pole meltdown !! Researchers from the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) say they have discovered that a group of glaciers covering an area the size of Texas has begun to flow into the ocean at an accelerated rate during the past year. They warn that if the trend were to continue, sea level could rise worldwide by nearly 10 inches over a period of several decades. Satellite observation of the West Antarctica glaciers recorded acceleration of about 1 percent per year through the 1990s. But measurements taken by a BAS team show that ice flowing into the ocean has accelerated 7 percent in a single season. One possible cause is that a deep ocean current may be undercutting the ice and lubricating its flow. Another theory is that recently discovered geothermal activity may be melting the base of the ice, helping it slide toward the sea.

My snowfall projections for the Clipper storm racing eastward over the next couple of days. It appears that the best storm dynamics will cut across Southwestern Ontario and then into New England Friday and Friday night, then up into New Brunswick and extreme southeastern Quebec on Saturday. It looks like parts of northern New Brunswick get hit hard with a heavy snowstorm out of this. Across southwestern Ontario most of the snow that fall during the afternoon Friday will be melting on treated roadways. Winnipeg, Man...5-7 cm Thursday Thunder Bay, Ont.....4-7 cm Thursday night. Sault Ste.Marie, Ont.....5-8 cm Fri/Fri. night. Sudbury, Ont.....6-8 cm Friday/Fr. night. North Bay, Ont.....5-8 cm Friday/Friday night. Parry Sound, Ont......6-10 cm Friday aft into Sat. am. Owen Sound, Ont.....8-15 cm Friday aft and into Sat. am (lake enhanced Friday night/Sat am) Barrie, Ont......6-10 cm Friday aft. into Sat. am Windsor, Ont....6-9 cm very late Thursday night and Friday. London, Ont.....5-9 cm Friday/Friday night Sarnia, Ont.......6-9 cm Friday/Friday night Kitchener, Ont..4-7 cm Friday (roads mainly wet in the afternoon) Toronto, Ont....4-7 cm Friday (brief heavy burst of snow possible in the afternoon) Hamilton, Ont.....6-10 cm Friday/Friday eve. St. Catharines.....6-10 cm Friday/Friday eve. Peterborough, Ont....6-10 cm Friday aft/night Kingston, Ont......6-9 cm late Friday into Friday night. Ottawa, Ont....5-8 cm Fri night/early Sat. Montreal, Que...3-7 cm Friday night/Sat Quebec City, Que.....6-10 cm Friday night/Sat Granby, Que....8-12 cm Friday night/Sat Sherbrooke, Que....8-15 cm lat. Friday night through late Sat. Mont Joli, Que......8-15 cm Sat/Sat night Edmundston, NB.........10-20 cm Sat/Sat night Fredericton, NB..14-24 cm late Sat through Sun Moncton, NB.....15-30 cm late Sat through Sun. Saint John, NB.....10-16 cm Sat afternoon through Sunday. Chatham, NB....15-30 cm late Sat through Sun. Charlottetown, NB.......12-25 cm late Sat/Sun (may mix eastern part of the island) Amherst, NS....10-20 cm late Sat/Sun (some rain or sleet may mix in Saturday night. Yarmouth, NS.....4-6 cm snow Sat aft. then some rain Liverpool, NS......6-10 cm of snow Sat aft/eve then some rain. Halifax, NS........6-10 cm of snow Sat aft/eve then some rain. Truro, NS....5-8 cm snow Sat eve then sleet or rain later at night. Sydney, NS.....6-12 cm of snow Sat even then over to rain late. accuweather.com